types of channel
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Types of channel
•Straight Channel•Braided Channel•Meandering Channel
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Straight channels• Mainly in the upper zone
• Channel located upon rock
• Single channel with pools and riffles
• Thalweg moves from side to side
• Vertical erosion (incision) predominant
• Saltation and traction main method of transport
• Main landforms: V-shaped valley, waterfalls, gorges
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Braided Channel
• Mainly in the middle zone
• Flows upon coarse alluvial material
• Several roughly parallel channels intersecting at points
• Whole channel system is straight but channels wander from side to side within the flood plain
• Major deposition occurs after discharge decreases
• Lateral erosion occurs between floods
• Main landforms are multiple channels separate
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Meandering• Found mainly in the lower zone
• Channel flows upon fine alluvial material
• Channel wander in a regular pattern from side within the flood
• Lateral erosion and deposition moves channels across the flood plain as meanders
• River meanders themselves move downstream
• Suspensions are main method of transport
• Main landforms: levees, ox-bow lakes, point bars, slip-off slope, bluffs
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The long profile
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Long Profile of a river• Graph drawn along the course of a river from the source to the mouth
• Shows that they have a concave shape with a steeper upper reach and a gentler lower reach
• Ideal profile is called the ‘graded long profile’
• In this ideal situation, the river is in a state of dynamic equilibrium where there is a balance between the rate of erosion and the rate of deposition
• This balance is always transitory as the slope (profile) has to adjust constantly to changes in the river
• These can cause short-term increases in either the rate of erosion or deposition until the state of equlibrium has again been reached
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