types of caprimulgiform birds in the museum für naturkunde, berlin (zmb)

Types of caprimulgiform birds in the Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB)

Nigel Cleere *, 1, Jurgen Fiebig**, 2 & Christiane Quaisser***, 2

1 Bird Group, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Tring, Herts. HP23 6AP, UK2 Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany

Received January 2005, accepted April 2005Published online 08. 09. 2005

Key words: types, Podargidae, Nyctibidae, Caprimulgidae, Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin.

Abstract

In course of a survey of caprimulgiform birds (Steatornithidae, Podargidae, Nyctibiidae, Aegothelidae, and Caprimulgidae)held in the Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin a main focus was on the identification of type material. All specimens wereexamined for assessment of type status. Data contained on specimen labels were checked against the museum’s registers andthe existing literature. In order to confirm the status of types, original descriptions were consulted in each case. As a result,26 specimens of 18 taxa within the families Podargidae, Nyctibidae and Caprimulgidae, were identified as types (of which 6taxa are currently regarded as valid). Most of these types relate to taxa described by M. H. K. Lichtenstein and A. Reich-enow and were collected by F. Sellow, Hemprich & Ehrenberg, Emin Pascha & F. Stuhlmann. The types held in the BerlinMuseum also reflect the important period of discovery and collection of birds during the second half of the 19th century.Historical, taxonomic, and nomenclatural problems are also discussed.

# 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Introduction

The collection of bird specimens housed in theMuseum fur Naturkunde in Berlin (formerly Zo-ologisches Museum Berlin, ZMB) is one of thelargest in Europe, and contains a fairly compre-hensive representation of the world’s avifauna(Roselaar 2003). A large part of the collection isof great historical and taxonomical importance(Stresemann 1922, 1925). Based largely on the ex-tensive material collected during expeditions toSouth America and Africa in the 19th century andto German colonies in the 20th century, museumcurators like Hinrich Lichtenstein, Jean Cabanis,Anton Reichenow, and Erwin Stresemann de-scribed hundreds of new taxa. An examination ofhandwritten record cards reveals that approxi-mately 3000 avian types are held in the museumcollections. Although studies have already beenconducted on some of this type material (Strese-mann 1954, Mauersberger & Neumann 1985,

1986, Mauersberger 1988), the museum has yet topublish a full catalogue of its avian types.

In October 2001 and 2002 we examined themuseum’s holdings of Caprimulgiformes (com-prising the families Steatornithidae, Podargidae,Nyctibiidae, Aegothelidae, and Caprimulgidae)and compared their data against the museum’sarchives and the available literature. In October2004 we again checked the types of this groupwithin the type project of GBIF (van den Elzenet al. in press). As a result, the Caprimulgiformtype material of ZMB can now be documentedin more detail and some of the associated dataare published for the first time. Altogether,26 types of 16 taxa (8 valid) within the familiesPodargidae, Nyctibidae and Caprimulgidae, werelocated. One specimen formerly regarded as thetype of Steatornis bufo Voigt, 1831 has no typestatus under the rules of the ICZN 1999, as thename was originally published as a Nomen nu-dum in synonymy.

Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl., Zool. Reihe 81 (2005) 2, 201–206 / DOI 10.1002/mmnz.200510013

* e-mail: [email protected]** Corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected]

*** e-mail: [email protected]


The types of Caprimulgiformes held at theMuseum fur Naturkunde reflect two importantperiods of bird collection activities of the mu-seum. Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein (1780–1857) was the director of the museum between1813 and 1857. Despite severe financial difficul-ties, Lichtenstein built up a network of contacts,traders and colonists all over the world, and in-creased the ornithological collection enormously(Stresemann 1960). Many collectors and scien-tists supplied specimens to the museum duringthis period, e.g. Friedrich Sellow, who collectedin Brazil from 1817 to 1831, and Wilhelm Frie-drich Hemprich and Christian Gottfried Ehren-berg, who worked in north-eastern Africa, Sinaiand Arabia between 1821–1826 (Stresemann1948, 1954).

Among the extensive material that arrived atthe museum were numerous taxa that were newto science, and Lichtenstein described a largenumber of these in sales catalogues. This wasdone in order to sell off duplicate specimens tohelp finance further expeditions and accommo-date the expanding collection (Stresemann 1960;van den Elzen et al. in press). The most famousof these catalogues is the “Verzeichniß der Dou-bletten des Zoologischen Museums Berlin” of1823 (Lichtenstein 1823), in which three newtaxa of Caprimulgus were described (two arestill valid: Caprimulgus aegyptius, C. nubicus).Specimens deposited at the museum were alsostudied and described by visiting ornithologists,including Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778–1858). Temminck examined specimens housed inseveral of the major European museums, includ-ing Berlin, and published many new names inhis “Planches Coloriees” between 1820–1839(Temminck & Laugier de Chartrouse 1820–1839;van den Hoek Ostende et al. 1997).

Anton Reichenow (1847–1941) was the cura-tor of the bird collection at the museum from1888 until 1921. Following his own expeditions toCameroon he developed a weakness for the“Black Continent” and thereafter supported re-search and bird collecting by scientists, army doc-tors, colonial administrators and officers wher-ever possible in Africa. The museum continuedto receive many valuable collections, includingthose of Emin Pascha, Franz Stuhlmann andFriedrich Fulleborn, and added 60000 bird speci-mens to its holdings between 1893 and 1921(Stresemann 1943). Reichenow dealt with thismaterial in more than 500 publications, in whichhe described nearly 950 new taxa (Grote 1942).These new taxa included four nightjars, two of

which are still valid Afrotropical species. The re-maining Caprimulgiform types held in the collec-tion are also characteristic of the museums his-tory, and include birds collected by RichardSchomburgk from British Guiana and specimensfrom Mozambique collected and described byWilhelm Peters.

In the following type catalogue, all data havebeen checked against the original descriptionsand museum registers, and additional informa-tion about sex, localities, date, and collectorswere derived from labels attached to the speci-mens. As most of the types were originallymounted, the original labels have mostly beenreplaced with standardised printed ones. Afterthe Second World War most of the specimenswere relaxed for safer storage and easier hand-ling in scientific research, although many weredamaged during the process (Becker & Fiebig2004). Others were damaged or lost during theWar (Stresemann 1991). Where appropriate,comments have been added to clarify historical,taxonomic or nomenclatural problems. Discre-pancies and additional information have beenmarked with brackets in the text as follows:( ) – data omitted or incorrect on the label.{ } – data taken from the collection register.

Family Podargidae

Podargus

Podargus papuensis pumilus Stresemann, 1927

Podargus papuensis pumilus Stresemann, 1927: 87.Now Podargus papuensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1830; see Mayr

1937, p. 8.

Holotype, ZMB 27.31, unsexed adult, Loc.: Me-rauke, S New Guinea, 1925, Leg.: Dr. F. Thier-felder.

Family Nyctibiidae

Nyctibius

Nyctibius rufus Cabanis, 1848

Nyctibius rufus Cabanis, 1848: 711.Now Nyctibius bracteatus Gould, 1846; see Burmeister 1856,

p. 378.

Holotype, ZMB 9017 (relaxed mount), unsexedadult, Loc.: along the Pomeroon River, near Cu-maka, British Guiana, Leg.: R. Schomburgk.

Cleere, N., J. Fiebig & C. Quaisser, Types of caprimulgiform in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin202


Family Caprimulgidae

Lurocalis

Caprimulgus nattereri Temminck, 1822

Caprimulgus nattereri Temminck, 1822: livr. 18, pl. 107 & text.Now Lurocalis semitorquatus nattereri (Temminck, 1822); see

Hartert 1892, p. 621.

Syntype, ZMB 8922 (relaxed mount), unsexedadult, Loc.: Brazil, Leg.: J. Natterer.

Syntype, ZMB 8924, unsexed adult, Loc.: Ypa-nema (¼ Ipanema), Brazil, (possibly in May1819, see below), Leg.: F. Sellow and I. F. W. M.von Olfers.

R e m a r k s : Temminck described this speciesfrom individuals seen in the museums in PaysBas, Vienna, Berlin and Paris and named it afterJ. Natterer who discovered the species in Brazil.Sellow and von Olfers arrived in Ypanema atthe end of April or the beginning of May 1819,where they met J. Natterer. After their brief staythere, von Olfers returned to Rio de Janeiro,from where he sent a shipment of bird skins tothe Berlin museum (Papavero 1971).

Chordeiles

Caprimulgus pruinosus Tschudi, 1844

Caprimulgus pruinosus Tschudi, 1844: 268.Now Chordeiles acutipennis exilis (Lesson, 1839); see Ober-

holser 1914, p. 99.

Holotype, ZMB 8916 (relaxed mount), unsexedadult, possibly female, Loc.: Lima, Peru, Leg.:R. A. Philippi.

Chordeiles minor Cabanis, 1856

Chordeiles minor Cabanis, 1856: 5.Now Chordeiles gundlachii gundlachii Lawrence, 1856; see

Peters 1940, p. 188.

Syntype, ZMB 17994 (relaxed mount), adultmale, Loc.: Cuba, Leg.: J. Gundlach.

R e m a r k s : Cabanis referred to a male and fe-male in his description, but the whereabouts ofthe female syntype is unknown.

Podager

Caprimulgus campestris Lichtenstein, 1823

Caprimulgus campestris Lichtenstein, 1823: 59.Now Podager nacunda nacunda (Vieillot, 1817); see D’Orbigny

1837, p. 67.

Syntype ZMB 8921 (relaxed mount), adult male,Loc.: Sao Joao do Ypanema (¼ Ipanema), SanPaulo, Brazil, (probably in 1819), Leg.: F. Sellowand I. F. W. M. von Olfers.

Syntype, ZMB 16160 (relaxed mount), adultfemale, Loc.: Brazil, Leg.: F. Sellow andI. F. W. M. von Olfers.

R e m a r k s : For the probable date of collectionof ZMB 8921, see e.g. Papavero (1971). ZMB16160 is labelled as a juvenile male, but can becorrectly sexed as a female on plumage. There isa third specimen listed in the museum register,ZMB 8920, Loc.: Brazil, Leg. F. Sellow, whichmay have been a syntype, but it is no longer inthe collection.

Eurostopodus

Lyncornis elegans Reichenow, 1899

Lyncornis elegans Reichenow, 1899: 130.Now Eurostopodus papuensis (Schlegel, 1866); see Stresemann

1923, p. 31.

Holotype, ZMB 49339, immature male, Loc.:near the Ramu River, NE New Guinea,17. IX. 1898, Leg.: E. Tappenbeck.

R e m a r k s : This specimen was considered to bea juvenile by both Stresemann (1923) and Mayr(1937), although the latter author also noted thatsome of the lesser coverts and scapulars wereapparently adult or sub-adult.

Lyncornis macrotis jacobsoni Junge, 1936

Lyncornis macrotis jacobsoni Junge, 1936: 39

Now Eurostopodus macrotis jacobsoni (Junge,1936); see Cleere 1998. 1999, Holyoak 2001.

Paratype, ZMB 36.792, adult male, Loc.: Sina-bang bay, Lugu, Simalur, Indonesia, 22. III. 1913,Leg.: E. R. Jacobson & W. C. van Heurn,No. 409.

Caprimulgus

Caprimulgus nigrescens Cabanis, 1848

Caprimulgus nigrescens Cabanis, 1848: 710.Now Caprimulgus nigrescens Cabanis, 1848; see Cleere 1998,

1999, Holyoak 2001.

Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl., Zool. Reihe 81 (2005) 2 / http://museum-zool.wiley-vch.de 203


Syntype, ZMB 8992 (relaxed mount), adult male,Loc.: British Guiana, (along the Lower Essequi-bo River), Leg.: R. Schomburgk.

Syntype, ZMB 8993 (relaxed mount), adult fe-male, Loc.: British Guiana, (along the Lower Es-sequibo River), Leg.: R. Schomburgk.

Caprimulgus aegyptius Lichtenstein, 1823

Caprimulgus aegyptius Lichtenstein, 1823: 59.Now Caprimulgus aegyptius aegyptius Lichtenstein, 1823; see

Erlanger 1899, p. 525.

Syntype, ZMB 8943 (relaxed mount), unsexedadult, Loc.: Ober Aegypten (¼ N Sudan), II.–VII. 1822, Leg.: W. F. Hemprich and C. G. Eh-renberg.

Syntype, ZMB 8944 (relaxed mount, da-maged), adult female, Loc.: Ober Aegypten(¼ N Sudan), Leg.: W. F. Hemprich and C. G.Ehrenberg.

Syntype, ZMB 8945 (relaxed mount, da-maged), unsexed adult, {female, Loc.: Aegypten,Leg.: W. F. Hemprich and C. G. Ehrenberg}

Syntype, ZMB 17483 (relaxed mount, da-maged), adult female, Loc.: Ober Aegypten(¼ N Sudan), Leg.: W. F. Hemprich and C. G.Ehrenberg.

R e m a r k s : Erlanger (1899) referred to one typeof Caprimulgus aegyptius but listed two collectionnumbers (ZMB 8943 and ZMB 8944) and prob-ably did not examine all of the type series.

Another specimen in the collection, ZMB8946, a juvenile collected by W. F. Hemprich andC. G. Ehrenberg in Nubien (¼ N Sudan) has notype status as Lichtenstein clearly describedadult birds from Aegypten.

Caprimulgus nubicus Lichtenstein, 1823

Caprimulgus nubicus Lichtenstein, 1823: 59.Now Caprimulgus nubicus nubicus Lichtenstein, 1823; see Har-

tert 1892, p. 560.

Syntype, ZMB 8951, unsexed adult, Loc.: Ambu-kol (¼ N Sudan), Leg.: W. F. Hemprich and C. G.Ehrenberg.

Syntype, ZMB 8952 (poor condition), unsexedadult, Loc.: Moileh (¼ N Sudan), Leg.: W. F.Hemprich and C. G. Ehrenberg.

Syntype, ZMB 8953, adult male, Loc.: Dongo-la (¼ N Sudan), V.–VII. 1822, Leg.: W. F. Hem-prich and C. G. Ehrenberg.

R e m a r k s : There are four other Hemprich &Ehrenberg specimens in the collection, althoughthey do not appear to have type status as Lich-tenstein only described adult birds from Nubia.ZMB 8950 is a juvenile that was collected atAmbukol (¼ N Sudan). ZMB 8954 and ZMB8955 are unsexed adults that were collected inArabia (now ¼ C. n. tamaricis Tristram). ZMB8956 is an unsexed bird collected in Egypt, but ismisidentified and appears to be a female Macro-dipteryx longipennis (Shaw 1796). Two furtherspecimens from Ambukol are listed in the mu-seum register (ZMB 8948 and ZMB 8949) butare no longer in the collection.

Caprimulgus nigriscapularis Reichenow, 1893

Caprimulgus nigriscapularis Reichenow, 1893: 31.Now Caprimulgus nigriscapularis Reichenow, 1893; see Cleere

1998, 1999, Holyoak 2001.

Syntype, ZMB 30017, adult male, Loc.: Sconga,Lendu (error ¼ Songa, Lendu, W of Lake Al-bert, NE Zaire), 12. X. 1891, Leg.: Emin Pashaand F. Stuhlmann, No. 1456.

R e m a r k s : ZMB 30017 can be correctly sexedas a male on plumage.

In his description, Reichenow listed the originof the species as “Afrika centralis (Coll. Emin etStuhlmann): Sconga” and the range of measure-ments given suggested that he had more thanone specimen, but only ZMB 30017 collected atSconga remains in the collection. The status of asecond specimen, ZMB 30018, adult male, Loc.:Njangabo, Ndussuma (W of Lake Albert, NEZaire), 27. XI. 1891, Leg.: Emin Pasha and F.Stuhlmann, No. 1547, remains unclear.

Caprimulgus pectoralis guttifer Grote, 1921

Caprimulgus pectoralis guttifer Grote, 1921: 125.Now Caprimulgus ruwenzorii guttifer Grote, 1921; see Cleere

1995, p. 93.

Holotype, ZMB 49.341, adult female, Loc.: Mla-lo, (bei Wilhelmstal), Usambara, (Tanzania),Leg.: Roehl.

Caprimulgus clarus Reichenow, 1892

Caprimulgus clarus Reichenow, 1892: 29.Now Caprimulgus clarus Reichenow, 1892; see Cleere 1998,

1999, Holyoak 2001.



Syntype, ZMB 49340, immature male, Loc.: Bu-koba, Uganda (¼ NW Tanzania), 11. XI. 1890,Leg.: Emin Pascha.

Syntype, ZMB 20012306, adult female, Loc.:Mengo, Uganda (¼ NW Tanzania), 28. XII. 1890,Leg.: F. Stuhlmann.

R e m a r k s : ZMB 49340 is labelled a female,but can be correctly sexed as an immature maleon plumage.

Caprimulgus mossambicus W. Peters, 1868

Caprimulgus mossambicus W. Peters, 1868: 134.Now Caprimulgus fossii welwitschii Bocage, 1867; see Fry

et al. 1988, p. 167.

Syntype, ZMB 8936 (relaxed mount), adult male,Loc.: Inhambane, Mozambique, VII. 1846, Leg.:W. Peters.

Syntype, ZMB 8937 (relaxed mount), adultmale, Loc.: Inhambane, Mozambique, 7. VIII.1846, Leg.: W. Peters.

Macrodipteryx

Caprimulgus fulleborni Reichenow, 1900

Caprimulgus fulleborni Reichenow, 1900: 98.Now Macrodipteryx vexillarius (Gould, 1838); see Peters

1940, p. 217.

Holotype, ZMB 49342, unsexed juvenile, Loc.:Neu Helgoland (¼ near Panjambe, Songea, Tan-zania), XII. 1899, Leg.: F. Fulleborn.

Addendum

Steatornis bufo Voigt, 1831

Steatornis bufo Voigt, 1831: 549.Now Batrachostomus javensis javensis (Horsfield, 1821); see

Stresemann 1937, p. 323.

Published as a Nomen nudum in synonymy ofPodargus cornutus Temminck 1822 and unavail-able under Art. 11.6 (ICZN 1999).

ZMB 9032, a female (relaxed mount) col-lected in Ostindien (¼ East Indies) by Delbruck,has a type label attached to it and was consid-ered the type by Stresemann (1937), but it hasno type status. On the original, printed label,E. Stresemann added Java as the locality.

Acknowledgements

NC would like to thank Sylke Frahnert, David Christie, Mi-chael Walters, and Frank D. Steinheimer for all their helpduring the preparation of this manuscript. CQ was financiallysupported by the German BMBF project “An electronic cat-alogue of primary type specimens of vertebrates in Germanresearch collections” (GBIF-D Vertebrata, 01LI0207), whichmade it possible to re-check the types and add some furtherdata in 2004. Within this work CQ is grateful to HanneloreLandsberg (ZMB archives, Historische Bild- und Schriftgut-sammlung) for access to the acquisitions catalogues of Hemp-rich and Ehrenberg and all her assistance in helping to deci-pher those.

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