types and uses of fasteners copyright © texas education agency, 2011. all rights reserved

33
Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Upload: keenan-sherriff

Post on 31-Mar-2015

222 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Types and Uses of Fasteners

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 2: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Importance of Fasteners

• They simplify the manufacture of machines and structures.

• They reduce the need for large one piece parts.

• It is normally easier to make less complex components and fasten them together

Page 3: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Importance cont.

• They simplify repair of structures and equipment.

• Individual component parts can simply and quickly be separated for inspection, repair, or replacement.

Page 4: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

They Provide Safety

• Use of fasteners tends to assure that once an assembly is fastened together it will hold together.

• They can also be installed to provide additional support or they be a weak links. (Ex. Shear pins, drive shafts, & breakaway plowshares)

Page 5: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

B. General types of Fasteners

• Bolts, nuts, and washers

• Screws• Keys• Studs• Pins• Rings• Rivets

• Adhesives• Nails• etc.

Page 6: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Specific Types and uses of fasteners

• Bolts: are threaded lengths of steel rod with heads on one end.

• They are used with a nut at the other end and sometimes with a washer as well.

Page 7: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

American Standard BoltsHexagon or Square Head

• Most have a hexagonal head (6-sided). Older square bolts have a 4- sided head.

• Without a nut they are called cap screws and are screwed into threaded holes.

• Bolts are selected by strength rating, chemical or heat compatibility.

Page 8: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Carriage Bolts

• Most have a round head with a square neck, under the head.

• Carriage bolts are used to fasten wood parts where a smooth finish is required.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 9: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Bolts

Carriage bolt

Plow bolt

Cap Screw

Hex Bolt

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 10: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Plow Bolts

• Counter sunk, square- neck carriage bolt.

• These have a flat, tapered head that fit into countersunk holes.

• Used when it is necessary for the head to lie flush with the surfaces of the part.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 11: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Nuts:

• Are flat, usually hexagonal shaped steel pieces with internally cut threads.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 12: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Castellated & Slotted nuts

• A. These are used when a cotter pin is placed through a hole in the bolt to secure the nit so it cannot come loose.

• Ex: Wheel bearing spindles

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 14: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Self Locking nuts

• A. Once tightened these nuts stay firmly in place.

• B. They are commonly known as “elastic” or plastic insert nuts.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 15: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Washers• A. Plain washers: (flat washers) are steel

disks with a hole in the center.

• B. They are used to reduce the stress under the bolt or nut.

• C. They spread a clamping force from the bolt over a larger area to span slots and oversize holes in wood

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 16: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Washers

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 17: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Lock Washers

• A. Helical spring washers are made of tough spring steel.

• B. Normally installed under the nut or bolt.

• C. They are used to prevent rotation of the nut.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 18: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Nails

• Nails are steel rods with a head on one end and usually pointed at the other end.

• They are used primarily to join wood together.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 19: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Nail size:

• Generally given in terms of “penny”

• “d” indicates the penny size

• Nails are sold by the pound at most hardware stores.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 20: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Penny SizesNumber per pound

Penny Length (In) Common Box Finish

2d3d4d8d

10d16d20d

11 ¼1 ½

23

3 ¼4

8305783161681066949

80106354732361458471

1315180758430918912190

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 21: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Common Nail

• This is a general all purpose construction nail suitable for framing structures.

• It has a larger diameter than the same size box nail

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 22: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Common Nail

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 23: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Box Nail

• Box Nail are used for end nailing and light household use.

• The point is dulled to prevent splitting the wood

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 24: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Box Nails

                                                                                          

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 25: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Finish Nail

• This is a nail with a small head with a dimple in the center to allow for countersinking with a nail set.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 26: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Finish Nail

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 27: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Duplex Nails

• A duplex nail has two heads on the shank

• It is used to whenever a nail has to be removed.

• Ex when assembling concrete forms

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 28: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Duplex Nail

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 29: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Roofing Nails

• Used to secure shingles or roofing to the underlying structure

• They are normally available with either a spiral or helix head shank for extra holding power.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 30: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Roofing Nail

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 31: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Screws

• Screws are threaded lengths of steel rod with heads on one end.

• Screw heads may be slotted, cross slotted, square, or hexagonal.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 32: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

Types of screws

                                                                                                       

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Page 33: Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved

(c) 2006 Texas Trade & Industrial Education UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved. Building Trades: Fasteners