type of wall
TRANSCRIPT
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WALL
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FUNCTION
To provide protection from weather, animal
To divide the areas
Act as sound barriers
As fire walls to attenuate the spread of firefrom one building unit to another
Separate the interior spaces
To improve the building appearance
To provide privacy
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MATERIAL FOR WALL
CONSTRUCTION
Timber, brick, concrete block, reinforcedconcrete can be used for wall construction.
Good for wall construction due it’s durability,
beauty and able to provide comfortable area Cengal is suitable to be used at hot and cold
climate area
Meranti can be used for all types of constructionin the building.
Reinforced concrete used for precast concretepanel
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WALL CLASIFICATION
There are 2 types of wall that is:
a) Load Bearing Wall
Able to carry the load from above (ownweight & load from roof) and transfer it to
the foundation.
b) Non Load Bearing WallOnly carry their own weight
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LOAD BEARING WALL
It can be exterior wall or interior wall
It brace from the roof to the floor
Pre Cast Concrete Wall Retaining Wall
Masonry Wall
Pre Panelized Load Bearing Metal Stud Walls Engineering Brick Wall (115mm, 225mm)
Stone Wall
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As the height of the building increased,
required thickness of wall and resulting stress
on foundation will also increase and cause it tobe uneconomical.
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Able To Carry Other Structure Weight Beside Its Own Weight
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Load Bearing Wall
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Removing a section of a load bearing wall to create a
pass-through requires adding a new beam and columns
to support the floor above.
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LOAD BEARING WALL
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Pre Panelized Load Bearing Metal Stud Walls
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Stone Wall (Load Bearing Wall)
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Precast Concrete Wall (Load Bearing Wall)
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Masonry Wall
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Retaining Wall (Load Bearing Wall)
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NON LOAD BEARING WALL
known as interior wall (doesn’t carry other
load than its own load)
Types of non load bearing wall
a) Hollow Concrete Block
b) Façade Bricks
c) Hollow Bricksd) Brick Wall (115mm, 225mm)
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Brick Wall (Non Load Bearing Wall)
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9’ Semi Hollow Brick (Non Load Bearing Wall)
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Façade Brick Wall (Non Load Bearing Wall)
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Hollow Concrete Block Wall
(Non Load Bearing Wall)
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BRICK’S BONDING
Stretcher Bond
English Bond
Flemish Bond
Raking Bond
English Garden Wall Bond
Common / American Bond
Flemish Garden Wall Bond
Running Bond
Herringbone Bond
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Header
A brick which is laid in a way that only the short end is
visible in the wall
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Stretcher
A brick which is laid in a way that allows only the
longer side of the brick to be exposed.
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Flemish Bond
Alternate bricks are placed as header and stretcher in
every course. Each header is placed centrally betweenthe stretcher immediately above and below. This is not
as strong as the English bond at 1 brick thick . Can be
successfully applied in cavity wall.
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English Bond
Alternative courses of headers and stretchers; one
header placed centrally above each stretcher.This is a very strong bond when the wall is 1 brick thick
(or thicker).
One of the strongest brickwork bond patterns.
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Stretcher Bond
Easiest bond to lay & minimizes the amount of cutting
requiredOriginally used for single brick walls, now called 1/2
brick walls it became the obvious choice for cavity
walls as less cutting was required.
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Raking Bond
Herringbone and diagonal bonds can be effective
within an exposed framed construction, or contained
within restraining brick courses.
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English Garden Wall Bond
An alternative version of English bond with header
courses being inserted at every fourth or sixth course.
This is a correspondingly weaker bond.
Suitable for free standing wall.
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Common / American Bond
A brickwork pattern in which all rows are stretchers,
except an eighth row of headers
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Flemish Garden Wall Bond
In this variant of Flemish bond, one header is placed
at every third stretcher
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Running BondConsist of all stretchers
No header used in this bond so metal ties are used
Cavity wall construction & veneered walls of brick
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Herringbone Bond
It is a purely decorative bond.
It is used in floor and wall panels.
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CAVITY WALL
“A wall constructed in 2 leaves / skins with a
space / cavity between them”
“A type of building wall construction
consisting of an outer wall fastened to inner
wall separated by an air space”
FUNCTION
To prevent the penetration of rain to the
internal surface of the wall
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Cavity Wall
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SHEAR WALL
A framed wall designed to resist lateral wall
It is a vertical elements of the horizontal
force resisting system
It is used to resist wind and earthquake
loading on a building.
It is typically a wood frame stud walls
covered with a structural sheathing material
like plywood.
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WALL FAILURE
Vertical bowing and horizontal bending or
collapse of wall is usually caused by the wall
not resisting vertical pressures from foundation
or upper floors & roofs or horizontal pressures
from strong winds and retained earth.
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Usual cause for failure of wall are as follows:
- Overloading the wall, deflection of beamabove the wall will effect the wall below.
- Foundation failure
- Earthquake- Timber pest damage weakened the timber
wall
- Poor workmanship (improper brickwork)
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Brick Wall Crack
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Brick Wall Failure At The Roof Level
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Cracked Wall
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Failure In Brick Wall
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Dry Rot On Timber Wall Panelling
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Wall Failure Due To Earthquake
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Termite Damage To The Timber Wall
LOVELY FLOWERS MAKES THE DAY MORE BEAUTIFUL
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LOVELY FLOWERS MAKES THE DAY MORE BEAUTIFUL