tx history-ch-20.1
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 20: The Indian Wars
Section 1: Changes in Indian Policy
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American Indian Relations
•Early 1860s: Indian raids common
•Frontier open to attack as men and soldiers fight in Civil War
•Plains Indians see opportunity to westward expansion
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American Indian Relations
•Federal troops arrive at end of war
•Not enough troops to go around
•October 1865: Federal commissioners negotiate peace treaty
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American Indian Relations
•Treaty of the Little Arkansas—treaty under which Comanche & Kiowa leaders agreed to settle on a Panhandle reservation
•Reservation never created
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American Indian Relations
•Kiowa & Comanche renew attacks
•People move to safer areas
•Frontier line pushed back east
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American Indian Relations
•During the 1860s the frontier in Texas sometimes fell back under pressure from American Indian raids
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The Treaty of Medicine Lodge
•1867: federal government attempts to negotiate a new treaty
•Treaty of Medicine Lodge—agreement of 1867 that required the Plains Indians to move onto a reservation in the Indian Territory
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The Treaty of Medicine Lodge
•Terms:
–Gifts of blankets, clothing, & weapons
–3 million acres for reservation in Indian Territory
–Buildings, tools, & money
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The Treaty of Medicine Lodge
•Terms:
–Stop raiding
–Stay on reservations
–Take up farming
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The Treaty of Medicine Lodge
•Satanta—Kiowa leader who refused to accept reservation life and died in prison
Satanta
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The Treaty of Medicine Lodge
• Some Indians honored the treaty, others remained determined to roam the plains
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The Peace Policy
•1869: President Grant established Board of Indian Commissioners
•Quakers—members of the Society of Friends, some of whom became Indian agents to help prevent war
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The Peace Policy
•Government hoped Indians would make living by farming
•Reservation life was difficult and food was often scarce.
•Poor soil
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The Peace Policy
•Government food supplies insufficient
•Goods sent by government were illegally sold and never arrived
•Buffalo hunters entered reservations
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Civil War Reconstruction Treaty of Little Arkansas
Treaty of Medicine Lodge
Effects Effects Effects Effects