Two Societies at WarThe Civil War

Chapter 14

Election of 1860

Candidates

John Bell

John Breckinridge

Origins of the American Civil War

• Issues– slavery, competing understandings of federalism,

party politics, expansionism, sectionalism, tariffs, and economics

• ex. Mex-Am War - Comp of 1850

• Collapse of Second Party System– K-N Act angered everyone

• Election of 1860 - culmination of events

Party Platforms• Northern Democrats

– Pop Sov– Support Fug Slave Act

• Southern Democrats– Expansion of slavery into

territories– (annexation of Cuba)

• Constitutional Union– Former Whigs, Know-Nothings

• Republicans*– Non-extension of slavery– Protective tariff– No limit on rights of immigrants– Internal improvements– homesteads

*Appealed to just about all non-southern groups

Election of 1860

Presidential candidate

Party Home state

Popular vote

Electoralvote*

Running mate

Running mate's

home state

Running mate's

electoral voteCount Pct

Abraham Lincoln Republican Illinois 1,865,908 39.8 180Hannibal Hamlin

Maine 180

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democratic

Kentucky 848,019 18.1 72 Joseph Lane Oregon 72

John BellConstitutional Union/Whig

Tennessee 590,901 12.6 39Edward Everett

Massachusetts 39

Stephen A. Douglas

Northern Democratic

Illinois 1,380,202 29.5 12Herschel Johnson

Georgia 12

Total 4,685,561 100 303 303

*Needed to win = 152

Pre-Civil War Voter Turnout

FAREWELL TO THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER

Unknown

Let tyrants and slaves submissively trembleAnd bow down their necks ‘neath the Juggernaut car;But brave men will rise in the strength of a nationAnd cry “Give me freedom, or else give me war.” *Farewell, forever! The Star-Spangled Banner,No longer shall wave o’er the land of the free!But we’ll unfurl to the broad breeze of heavenThirteen bright stars around the Palmetto Tree. We honor, yet, honor, bold South Carolina!Though small she may be, she’s as brave as the best.With flagship of states, she’s out on the oceanBuffeting the waves of a dark billow’s crest. *We honor, yes, honor, our seceding sisters,Who launched this brave bark along no the sea;Though storms may howl, and thunder distractionWe’ll hurl to the blast the proud Palmetto tree. *And when to the conflict the others cry “Onward!”Virginia will be first to rush to the fight.She’ll break down the iceberg of Northern coercionAnd rise in her glory of freedom and right.*When the thirteen sisters in bright constellationShall dazzling shine in a nation’s emblem sky,With no hands to oppose nor foes to oppress them,They will shine there forever, a light to every eye.

*repeat

O! say can you see by the dawn's early light

What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?

Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,

O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?

And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air,

Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.

O! say does that star-spangled banner yet wave

O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

Post-Election

• Lincoln had sectional rather than national support

• Southerners feared they had lost their voice in the national government

• President Buchanan - lame duck

C.S.A. • Nov 1860– Lincoln

elected

• Feb 1861– C.S.A.

formed– Elected Pres

and VP

• March 1861– passed

Constitution– Lincoln

inaugurated

SecessionSeven states declared

their secession from the United States before Lincoln took office on March 4, *:

• • • • • • •

Resources

• Population

• Military Strength

• Railroad mileage

• Industry

What Should Abe Do?

My options?

Jan. 9, Lincoln tries to re-supply the fort

Fort Sumter - 1861

Fort 1865

The Battle of Fort Sumter (April 12–13, 1861)

Secession

Dark Green = Dark Green = ConfederacyConfederacy

Light Green = slave Light Green = slave states/territories still in states/territories still in the Unionthe Union