two column notes unit 2 - chp 5 2010-2011

8/8/2019 Two Column Notes UNIT 2 - Chp 5 2010-2011

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THE GROWTH OF AMERICAN

INDUSTRY - 1860-1900

IN THE YEARS AFTER THE CIVIL WAR, NEW TECHNOLOGY CHANGED AMERICAN LIFE

What do we already know about

CHANGE after the Civil War?

LIST

Industrial Revolution WHAT:

Shift from making goods by hand to making them with machines

Shift from human and animal power to steam and electricity

RESULT: More goods could be produced faster!

WHAT FACTORS DID THEY

NEED FOR INDUSTRIAL

GROWTH?

FACTORS:

natural resources

new inventions

new types of energy

improved communications and transportation

new business organizations

cheap labor

The U.S. Industrializes

WHAT?

GNP Gross National Product

RESULTS?

WHAT: Massive growth from 1865-1914!

MEASURED BY:

GNP Gross National Product

total value of all goods and services produced by a country

RESULT: 8 times more GNP by 1914! Leading industrial country in the world!

NATURAL RESOURCES WHAT: Timber, Iron, Oil, Coal, Copper

Why was oil popular?

EDWIN DRAKE

TRANSITION:

Whale oil, kerosene, light bulb

OIL = BLACK GOLD!

Edwin Drake credited with being the first to drill for oil in the United States.

drilled first oil well in Pennsylvania, 1859

Plenty ofCHEAP LABOR

WHAT?

WHY?

WHERE?

WHAT: - From 1860-1910 the population basically tripled!

WHY?

Immigrants (17 million from 1870-1910)

push/pull factors

growth in families (more food, better conditions)

FARMERS losing their jobs to machines (need work)

WHERE?


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IMPACT?

Most lived in industrial centers of Northeast and Midwest

IMPACT More people = need for more goods!

Cyrus Field WHAT: Trans-Atlantic telegraph cable, 1858 & 1866

RESULT: Connected U.S. and Europe!

New Inventions

Alexander Graham Bell

Thomas Edison

George Westinghouse

Alexander Graham Bell:

Telephone LED TO: American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T)

Thomas Edison:

Phonograph, Light bulb, Video Camera, General Electric (GE)

over 1,000 patents to his name!

Edison improved many early inventions!

George Westinghouse:

Airbrake (railroads), AC (alternating current), hydroelectric power

New InventionsIMPACT? IMPACT:

improved productivity

improved communication

new industries and products

laissez-faire and FREE

ENTERPRISE

Entrepreneurs

Government supports what??

Tariffs

Why use them?

WHAT: - leave it alone an economic idea!

No government interference in business

HANDS OFF! - (other than protection)

Leave business alone so people can make profits!

supply and demand will regulate wages and prices NOT GOVERNMENT!

Entrepreneurs

people who risk their capital (money) to run a business

Government supported big business. They wanted business to grow!

Tariffs taxes on foreign goods

Tariffs used for protection

PROBLEM - Countries often retaliated


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two column notes unit 2 - chp 5 2010-2011

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