twenty point programme-2006 annual...

TWENTY POINT PROGRAMME-2006

ANNUAL REPORT

(2015-16)

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

MINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION

SARDAR PATEL BHAWAN, SANSAD MARG,

NEW DELHI-110001

Website: www.mospi.gov.in

CONTENTS

PART-I: ANALYTICAL EVALUATION

CHAPTERS PAGES

1. Twenty Point Programme 1-5

2. Poverty Eradication [Point 1 ] 6-17

3. Power to People [Point 2 ] 18-27

4. Support to Farmers [Point 3 ] 28-38

5. Labour Welfare [Point 4 ] 39-43

6. Food Security [Point 5 ] 44-50

7. Housing for All [Point 6 ] 51-55

8. Clean Drinking Water [Point 7 ] 56-58

9. Health for All [Point 8 ] 59-85

10. Education for All [Point 9 ] 86-98

11. Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Minorities and OBCs

[Point10] 99-110

12. Women Welfare [Point 11] 111-118

13. Child Welfare [Point 12] 119-126

14. Youth Development [Point 13] 127-131

15. Improvement of Slums [Point 14] 132-133

16. Environment Protection and

Afforestation

[Point 15] 134-140

17. Social Security [Point 16] 141-146

18. Rural Roads [Point 17] 147-148

19. Energization of Rural Area [Point 18] 149-158

20. Development of Backward Areas [Point 19] 159-160

21. IT enabled e-Governance [Point 20] 161-184

PART-II: ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE 185-246

P A R T - I

A N A L Y T I C A L E V A L U A T I O N

1

CHAPTER 1

TWENTY POINT PROGRAMME

1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Alleviation of poverty and improving the quality of life of the people, especially of those who are below the poverty line, has been the prime objective of planned development in the country. Over the years, the meaning of economic development has shifted from growth in per capita income to the expansion of opportunities. The government, through various programmes/schemes, is helping its citizens to expand their capabilities. In order to achieve these objectives, package of programmes comprising schemes relating to Poverty Alleviation, Employment Generation, Education, Health, etc., called the Twenty Point Programme (TPP), has been in operation since 1975. In view of the changing scenario of the country over the years, the programme has been restructured thrice - in 1982, 1986 and 2006. The present programme now called Twenty Point Programme-2006 (TPP-2006) is in operation since April 2007.

1.1.2 TPP-2006 has various points/items for the benefit of both the rural and urban people, taking care of all the requirements of the deprived and adversely affected population. TPP-2006 has 20 Points covering 65 items (Annexure-I). These 65 items coincide with various programmes and schemes of the government which are administered by the Central Nodal Ministries/Departments and by and large are implemented through the State Governments/UT Administrations. The Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation has been given the responsibility of monitoring all the 65 items on 162 parameters, of which some are reported on quarterly basis, and the others on annual basis. The details of the parameters, names of the nodal agencies and the frequency of reporting are available in Annexure-I.

1.2 Monitoring Mechanism

1.2.1 In order to effectively monitor the Twenty Point Programme, this Ministry has developed a Management Information System (MIS). The Management Information System (MIS) consists of a Quarterly Progress Report (QPR) and an Annual Report. The Quarterly Progress Report (QPR) covers monitoring of achievements in respect of the 19 crucial items (earlier 20) against pre-set physical targets, whereas the Annual Report presents an analytical review of the performance of all the 65 items under the programme. The sources of information for the Annual Report are the Central Nodal Ministries and the State/UT Governments.

2

1.2.2 All the States and the Union Territories of the country have a monitoring/evaluation unit under a nodal Department, which has been entrusted with the responsibility of monitoring all schemes/items covered under the Twenty Point Programme. The units have functionaries at village, block and district levels, to monitor and collect information for the different schemes of the Twenty Point Programme. 1.2.3 Besides the monitoring done at the state level, individual scheme/ programme covered under TPP-2006 is also monitored by the Central Nodal Ministries concerned. The charter of this Ministry is to monitor the TPP-2006 as a whole in a holistic manner with a view to enhance its effectiveness.

1.3 Performance Criteria 1.3.1 In order to have goal oriented development, Central Nodal Ministries have been requested to fix annual and quarterly targets for the measurable parameters of the schemes administered by them. However, Central Nodal Ministries have not found it feasible to fix targets for some of the items due to the peculiar nature of certain schemes.

1.3.2 For the purpose of evaluation, the performance of States during 2015-2016 under TPP-2006 in respect of the following 13 items have been taken into account (i) National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM); (ii) Food Security; (iii) Rural Housing - Indira Awaas Yojana; (iv) Economically Weaker Section / Lower Income Group (EWS/LIG) Houses in Urban Areas; (v) Rural Drinking Water Supply: National Rural Drinking Water Programme -(NRDWP); (vi) SC Families Assisted [SC families assisted under Special Central Assistance (SCA) to Scheduled Castes Sub Plan (SCSP) & National Scheduled Castes Finance & Development Corporation (NSFDC)]; (vii) Universalization of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme; (viii) Functional Anganwadis; (ix) Afforestation; (x) Rural Roads Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY); (xi) Village electrified under Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY); (xii) Energising Pump sets; and (xiii) Supply of Electricity. The performance of States under different items is assessed on the basis of actual achievements against targets. The performance for each item is classified on the basis of percentage achievement into three categories, namely:

Very Good - 90% and above achievement of the target for the period. Good - 80% and above but less than 90% achievement of the target for

the period. Poor - Below 80% achievement of the target for the period.

3

1.4 Performance during the year 2015-16 1.4.1 During the year 2015-16, this Ministry brought out Quarterly Progress Reports and Capsule Reports as well as an Annual Progress Report. For the purpose of quarterly appraisal, the state-wise performance under TPP-2006 is evaluated on 21 Parameters, contained in 13 targetable Items for which State/UT wise targets have been fixed by the Central Administrative Ministries. The details of performance of these 21 parameters are given in the following paragraphs. 1.4.2 As per the annual analysis of the quarterly monitored parameters, for the period April, 2015-March, 2016, the performance of sixteen parameters has been Very Good (90% or above the targets).These parameters are:

(i) Number of SHGs provided Revolving Fund (RF) during the financial year under NRLM

(ii) Food Security for BPL families under Targeted Public Distribution System

(iii) Food security under AAY of Targeted Public Distribution System (iv) Food security under Targeted Public Distribution system

(APL+BPL+AAY) (v) Food security under National Food Security Act (Normal) (vi) Houses constructed in rural areas under IAY (vii) Partially Covered Habitations covered during the financial year

under NRDWP (viii) SC families assisted under SCA to SCSP & NSFDC (ix) ICDS Blocks Operational (Cumulative) (x) Anganwadis Functional (Cumulative) (xi) Area Covered under Plantation (Public and Forest Lands) (xii) Seedlings planted ( Public and Forest Lands) (xiii) Road constructed- PMGSY (xiv) Villages electrified under DDUGJY (xv) Pumps sets energized (xvi) Supply of Electricity

1.4.3 There is one item/parameter in the category of Good (80% and above but less than 90% of target). This item/parameter is:

(i) Food security-National Food Security Act (Tide Over)-NFSA

1.4.4 The performance of four items/parameters has been Poor (below 80% of target). These items/parameters are:

4

(i) Number of SHGs provided Community Investment Fund (CIF) during the financial year under NRLM

(ii) Number of SHGs promoted (new and revived) during the financial year under NRLM

(iii) Coverage of water quality affected habitations - NRDWP (iv) Houses constructed in urban areas for EWS/LIG

5

6

CHAPTER 2

POINT 1: GARIBI HATAO [POVERTY ERADICATION]

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Alleviation of poverty has remained a major challenge before the Government. High poverty levels are synonymous with poor quality of life, deprivation of basic needs, poor health, malnutrition, illiteracy and low human resource development. Acceleration of economic growth, with a focus on sectors which are employment-intensive, facilitates the removal of poverty in the long run. However, this strategy needs to be complemented with a focus on provision of basic services for improving the quality of life of the people and direct State intervention in the form of targeted anti-poverty programmes. The specifically designed anti-poverty programmes for generation of both self-employment and wage-employment in rural areas have been continuously redesigned and restructured in order to enhance their efficacy/impact on the poor and improve their sustainability. These schemes along with Area Development Programmes, Rural Housing, Land Reforms and institutional mechanisms of delivery have brought positive impact to the life of poor.

2.2 Poverty Alleviation through Twenty Point Programme-2006

Items covered under TPP-2006 and monitored under the point Garibi Hatao (Poverty Eradication) are as under: (A) Rural Areas:

1. Employment generation under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. (MGNREGA);

2. National Rural Livelihoods Mission(NRLM); 3. Rural Business Hubs in Partnership with Panchayats; and 4. Self Help Groups

(B) Urban Areas:

1. National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM)

2.3 Employment Generation under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

7

2.3.1 The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) has been conceived as a right-based wage employment programme to be implemented in rural areas of the country. This programme aims at enhancing livelihood security by providing not less than one hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. In the first phase, MGNREGA was implemented in 200 most backward districts with effect from February 2, 2006 and with effect from April 1, 2008, the Act covers all the rural districts (659) of the country.

2.3.2 Objectives:

The core objectives of the Scheme are: Providing not less than one hundred days of unskilled manual work as a

guaranteed employment in a financial year to every household in rural areas as per demand, resulting in creation of productive assets of prescribed quality and durability,

Strengthening the livelihood resource base of the poor, Proactively ensuring social inclusion and Strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions

2.3.3 Goals:

The major goals of MGNREGA are to: Enhance livelihood security of the rural poor by generating wage employment

opportunities in works that develop the infrastructure base of the area concerned.

Rejuvenate the natural resource base of the area concerned. Create a productive rural asset base Stimulate the local economy by providing a safety net to rural poor. Ensure empowerment to women. Strengthening grass-root democratic institutions.

2.3.4 Outcome during the Financial Year 2015-16:

The outcomes of programme implementation in the financial year 2015-16 (till 31st Dec. 2015) are as follows:

Employment Generated: In 2015-16, 4.81 crore households were provided employment and 235.15 crore person-days of employment were generated.

8

Increasing Outreach to the poor and marginalized: Self targeting in nature, the programme had high work participation from marginalized groups like SC/ST (40%), Women (55%).

Strengthening Livelihood Resource Base: In 2015-16 (till 31.12.2015), 102.32 lakh works were undertaken (spill over + new works), of which 32% for water conservation, 28.33% for the provision of irrigation facility on land owned by SC/ST/BPL and IAY beneficiaries, 12.56% for rural connectivity and 6.47% for land development.

2.3.5 Physical Performance: The volume of wage-employment has grown from a meager 90.5 crore person-days in 2006-07 to 166.23 crore person-days in 2014-15. Being a drought year, the employment demand peaked (283.59 crore) in 2009-10. [Hence, 2009-10 may be considered an atypical year for MGNREGA performance.] The average person-days per household ranged between 42 days (2007-08) and 54 days (2009-10).

235.15 crore person-days wage-employment were generated under MGNREGA in the year 2015-16, including 129.94 crore person-days wage-employment for women and 52.43 crore person-days wage-employment for SCs participation. The physical progress of MGNREGA in terms of employment generation, women and SC/ST participation from 2006-07 to 2015-16 is indicated in the Table below, while the State/UT wise details for the year 2015-16 are given at Annexure-2.1.

Physical Progress under MGNREGA since inception upto 2015-16 Years Person-days

(No. in Crore) Average

person-days per Household (in

No.)

Women Participation to

total (%)

SC/ST participation to

total (%)

2006-07 90.5 43 40 62 2007-08 143.59 42 43 57 2008-09 216.32 48 48 55 2009-10 283.59 54 48 51 2010-11 257.15 47 48 51 2011-12 218.76 43 48 41 2012-13 230.48 46 51 40 2013-14 219.72 46 53 40 2014-15 166.23 40 55 39 2015-16 235.15 49 55 40

2.3.6 Financial: Budget Allocation and Release

The Budget/Revised Estimates and Central releases under MGNREGA since its inception are indicated in the Table below:

9

Budget/Revised Estimate and Releases under MGNREGA since inception (Rs. in crore)

SN Year Budget Estimate Revised Estimate Central Releases 1 2006-07 11,300.00 11,300.00 8,694.25 2 2007-08 12,000.00 12,000.00 12,661.22 3 2008-09 16,000.00 30,000.19 30,000.19 4 2009-10 39,100.00 39,100.00 33,539.38 5 2010-11 40,100.00 40,100.00 35,841.49 6 2011-12 40,000.00 31,000.00 29,215.05 7 2012-13 33,000.00 30,287.00 30,274.69 8 2013-14 33,000.00 33,000.00 32,994.12 9 2014-15 34,000.00 33,000.00 32,977.42

10. 2015-16 34,699.00 36,967.00 33,309.83* * as on 01 January, 2016 Financial Statement for MGNREGA for the year 2015-2016 (as on 01-Jan-2016) is given at Annexure-2.2.

2.4 National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM)

The earlier scheme of Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) was restructured in June 2011, and renamed as National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) Aajeevika , with an objective to implement it in mission mode in a phased manner for targeted and time bound delivery of results. The Mission is guided by a Framework for -

universal social mobilization, through formation of SHGs under the mission, to ensure that at least one member of each rural BPL family, preferably a woman member, is covered under SHG net.

strong peoples institutions, through setting up of federations of SHGs from village panchayat to district levels.

universal financial inclusion, by facilitating opening of savings accounts of all its beneficiaries, and simultaneously encouraging thrift and credit activities, facilitating access to credit from banks etc. In addition, incentives like Revolving Fund (RF) and Community Investment support Fund (CIF). are given to SHGs to enable them to meet their credit and consumption needs.

capacity development, through a provision to utilize 10% of allocation under the programme for training and capacity building of the intended beneficiaries to take up the micro enterprises for enhancing their incomes.

Aiding skilled wage employment among rural BPL youth, through placement linked skill development projects.

10

2.4.1 Goal: The goal of the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) is rural poverty elimination through the institutions of poor women. To make each poor household in the rural areas come out of abject poverty, enjoy sustainable and viable livelihoods and lead a life of dignity, NRLM aims to reach out to all the rural poor in the country, organize them into women SHGs and federations of SHGs, enable them to access financial resources, improve their livelihoods, and access their entitlements through continuous handholding and nurturing. 2.4.2 The two major strategic shifts under NRLM, vis--vis SGSY are that (i) NRLM is a demand driven programme and the States formulate their own poverty reduction action plans under it based on their past experience, resources and skills base and (ii) NRLM provides for a professional support structure for programme implementation at all levels from National to Sub-district level in different streams. In order to ensure a holistic approach towards income enhancement of the rural poor, NRLM focus is on the following four streams of livelihoods:

(i) Coping with vulnerabilities debt bondage, food insecurity, migration, health shocks

(ii) Existing livelihoods establishing and expanding, making them sustainable (iii) Self-employment micro-enterprise development (iv) Skilled wage employment-opportunities in growing sectors of the economy

2.4.3 Scope of NRLM: The Mission seeks to cover about 8-10 crore rural poor and vulnerable households through formation and strengthening of 80--90 lakh S.H.Gs, close to 600,000 village level federations and around 24,000 cluster level federations. NRLM will cover all the 248,076 Gram panchayats, 6758 blocks and 648 districts in the country. 2.4.4 Progress during 2015-16 (NRLM) Transition of States to NRLM: 29 States and one Union Territory (Puducherry) have already transited to NRLM. Progress: NRLM has started intensive implementation in 2911 blocks, of which 233 were entered during 2015-16. As of December 2015, 25.29 lakh SHGs and 1.27 lakh VOs were promoted across the country. 3.05 lakh SHGs have received Revolving fund and 1.60 lakh SHGs have received CIF.

11

NRLM Footprint

Item

Progress Up

to Mar '15

Progress during

2015-16

Cumulative Progress

States/Union Territories transited 29 1 30

Intensive blocks under implementation 2678 374 3052 SHGs promoted (in lakh) 23.1 3.2 26.3

VOs promoted 113209 24998 138207

SHGs provided RF 216406 217851 434257

SHGs provided CIF 105346 132282 237628

Amount of RF disbursed (in Rs. lakh) 307 51406 59713

Amount of CIF disbursed (in Rs. lakh) 604 105937 106541

Amount of credit accessed (in Rs. Crore) 40759 36889 77648

Source: Annual Reports of Ministry of Rural Development

2.5 SHGs under other Schemes: 2.5.1 SHG - Bank Linkage Programme: Inadequacies in access to formal finance has led to the growth of microfinance in India. In India, microfinance operates through two main channels viz. a) banking system through the SHGs under SHG-Bank Linkage Programme (SHG-BLP) and JLG bank lending programme and b) through Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) lending through individual and group approach. 2.5.2 SHG-BLP is rather uncharitably being compared by many with MFI led Micro finance programmes ignoring its contribution in terms of thrift & savings, handholding to inculcate financial literacy, provision of credit besides bringing community participation and building social capital etc. However, while the growth of MFI sector has been phenomenal, driven mainly by corporate entities, the SHG Bank Linkage Program has also been growing steadily despite its slow growth in priority states, concerns regarding book keeping, quality of groups and diminishing attention of banks. 2.5.3 It needs to be noted that SHG is a tool for holistic empowerment of poor and not just a provider of credit or a conduit of financial inclusion. The thrust of the Self Help Groups is on imbibing the ability among poor women to self-manage their finances, participation in decision making, assuming leadership role, collective action, learning the ropes of banking etc. To bring more and more poor women into

12

SHG fold and also to realize the ultimate potential, rejuvenation of institutions for imparting training to stakeholders on various crucial aspects and also the capacity building for members is the need of the hour.

2.5.4 Status of SHG Bank Linkage Programme: Efforts of NABARD during the year had paid off and can be seen in the turnaround made in all aspects as compared to last year. There was a net addition of 2.06 lakh SHGs during the year increasing the number of SHGs having savings linkage to 79.03 lakh as on 31 March 2016. During

the year, banks disbursed loan of Rs. 37,287 crore, recording 35% increase over the

last year. The savings outstanding of SHGs with banks as on 31 March 2016 has reached an all-time high of Rs.13,691 crore. Assuming that about one-third of thrift of SHG is kept as savings with banks and rest used for internal lending, total thrift mobilized by SHGs may be to the tune of Rs. 41,000 crore. The total bank loan outstanding to SHGs increased by 10.8% and stood at Rs. 57,119 crore against Rs. 51,545 crore as on 31 March 2015. By including internal lending at two times of the savings lying with banks, total microcredit through SHG-BLP channel was of the order of Rs. 78,000 crore. With higher growth in SHG-BLP in priority states, there has been correction in the southern bias of SHG-BLP (Figure 4.2). The share of Southern Region in number of SHGs has declined from almost half (49.75%) in 2013-14 to 44.87% in 2015-16. The most heartening development during the year is improved repayment and reduced NPA in SHG-BLP. The gross NPA of bank loans to SHGs declined by about 100 basis points from 7.4% as on 31 March 2015 to 6.4% as on 31 March 2016. This was achieved in a year when there was overall deterioration in quality of assets and mounting NPAs in the banking sector.

2.5.5 The highlights of the SHG-Bank Linkage Programme during 2015-16 are given in the following table.

13

Highlights of the SHG-Bank Linkage Programme 2015-16

Sr. No.

Particulars Achievements

Physical (No. in lakh)

Financial (Rs. in crore)

1 Total number of SHGs saving linked with banks 79.03 13691.39

(i) Out of total SHGs - exclusive Women SHGs 67.63 12035.78

(ii) Out of total SHGs- under NRLM/SGSY 34.57 6244.97

(iii) Out of total SHGs -under NULM/SJSRY 4.45 1006.22

2 Total number of SHGs credit linked during 2015-16 18.32 37286.90


(ii) Out of total SHGs under NRLM/SGSY 8.16 16785.78

(iii) Out of total SHGs under NULM/SJSRY 1.11 2620.22

3 Total number of SHGs having loans outstanding as on 31 March 2016

46.73 57119.23


(ii) Out of total SHGs - under NRLM/SGSY 21.91 26610.16

(iii) Out of total SHGs - under NULM/SJSRY 3.13 3979.75

4 Average loan amount outstanding/SHG as on March 2016

122242.39

5 Average loan amount disbursed/SHG during 2015-16

203495.24

6 Estimated number of families covered up to 31 March 2016 1010

7 No of Banks and Financial Institutions submitted MIS (in number) 392

8 Data on Joint Liability Groups

(i) Joint Liability Groups promoted during the year 2015-16 5.72

(ii) Loan disbursed to Joint Liability Groups (JLGs) during the year 2015-16

6160.72

(iii) Cumulative Joint Liability Groups promoted as on 31 March 2016 17.34

(iv) Cumulative loan disbursed to JLGs as on 31 March 2016

17336.95

14

Sr. No.

Particulars

Achievements

Physical (No. in lakh)

Financial (Rs. in crore)

9 Support from NABARD

(i) Capacity building for partner institutions

Under SHG-BLP and JLGs

Number of Programmes conducted during 2015-16 (in no. only) 3906

Number of participants covered during 2015-16 ( in lakh) 1.21

Cumulative number of participants trained upto March 2016 (in lakh) 34.02

Under WSHG Scheme (in LWE affected and backward districts)

Number of Programmes conducted during 2015-16 (in no. only) 1194

Number of participants covered during 2015-16 (in lakh) 0.38

(ii) Refinance Support

Refinance to banks during 2015-16 6906.03

Cumulative refinance released upto 31 March 2016 37663.60

(iii) Revolving Fund Assistance (RFA) and Capital Support to MFIs

RFA outstanding as on 31 March 2016 7.25

Capital support outstanding as on 31 March 2016 4.42

Refinance disbursed to NBFC-MFIs during 2015-16 2300.00

(iv) Grant assistance to SHPIs for promotion of SHGs under SHG-BLP

Grant assistance sanctioned during 2015-16 29.49

Cumulative sanctioned upto 31 March 2016 330.78

(v) Cumulative grant assistance sanctioned to anchor NGOs for promotion of SHGs under WSHG Development Scheme upto 31st March 2016

204.98

(vi) Cumulative grant assistance sanctioned to JLPIs for promotion of JLGs upto 31 March 2016

129.30

Source: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) 2.5.6 Progress of SHG Bank Linkage Programme (SHG-BLP) 2.5.6.1 Rejuvenation of SHG-BLP requires coordinated efforts by all stake-holders to tackle the issues of heavy south concentration, stagnation in growth, multiple membership, lower bank linkage both in number and quantum, rising NPAs, etc. which have been an area of concern in the recent past. Efforts at coordination with all stake-holders, capacity building of bankers and SHPIs including NRLM / SRLMs and village level meets with SHGs have shown improved performance of SHG-BLP

15

during 2015-16. The number of SHGs having savings linkage increased to 79.03 lakh as on 31 March 2016 from 76.97 lakh a year back. There was a net addition of 2.06 lakh SHGs during the year. The domain of SHGs consists of 85.6% women groups which play a crucial role in empowerment of the poor rural women. During the year 2015-16, the coordination between NABARD and NRLM/ SRLM has ensured that more and more SHGs got bank loans. NRLM is working since April 2013 with its agenda to cover 7 crore rural poor households across the country with sustainable livelihoods through self-managed SHGs and federations. 2.5.6.2 During the year, 18.32 lakh SHGs have been disbursed bank loan of 37, 287 crore. About 44.5% of total SHGs receiving bank credit during the year have been covered under NRLM and they have availed 45% (16,786 crore) of the total amount disbursed. The table below gives an account of savings, credit disbursement and credit outstanding of total SHGs and under NRLM and NULM during past three years.

Overall Progress under SHG-Bank Linkage Programme during past Three Years

(Numbers in lakh/Amount crore) Particulars 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

No. of SHGs

Amount No. of SHGs

Amount No. of SHGs

Amount

SHG Savings with Banks as on 31st March

Total SHG Nos. 74.30 (1.53%)

9897.42 (20.45%)

76.97 (3.59%)

11059.84 (11.74%)

79.03 (2.68%)

13691.39 (23.79%)

All women SHGs 62.52

(5.27%) 8012.89 (22.99%)

66.51 (6.38%)

9264.33 (15.61%)

67.63 (1.68%)

12035.78 (29.92%)

Percentage of Women Groups 84.15 80.96 86.41 83.77 85.58 87.91

Of which NRLM/SGSY 22.62 (10.46%)

2477.58 (36.01%)

30.52 (34.92%)

4424.03 (78.56%)

34.57 (13.27%)

6244.97 (41.16%)

% of NRLM/SGSY Groups to Total

30.45 25.03 39.65 40.00 43.74 45.61

Of which NULM/SJSRY NA NA 4.33 1071.81 4.46

(3.00%) 1006.22 (6.12%)

% of NULM/SJSRY Groups to Total

NA NA 5.63 9.69 5.64 7.35

Loans Disbursed to SHGs during the year

No. of SHGs extended loans 13.66

(12.02%) 24017.36 (16.67%)

16.26 (19.03%)

27582.31 (14.84%)

18.32 (12.67%)

37286.90 (35.18%)

All women SHGs 11.52

(11.02%) 21037.97 (17.83%)

14.48 (25.69%)

24419.75 (16.07%)

16.29 (12.50%)

34411.42 (40.92%)

Percentage of Women Groups 84.3 87.6 89.05 83.53 88.92 92.29

Of which NRLM/SGSY 2.26

(24.56%) 3480.60 (57.67%)

6.43 (28.45%)

9487.69 (27.26%)

8.16 (26.91%)

16785.78 (76.92%)


16.52 14.49 39.54 34.40 44.54 45.02

16

Particulars 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

No. of SHGs

Amount No. of SHGs

Amount No. of SHGs

Amount


(5.71%) 2620.22 (40.00%)


NA NA 6.46 6.79 6.06 7.03

Loans Outstanding against SHGs as on 31 March

Total No. of SHGs linked 41.97

(-5.71%) 42927.52 (9.02%)

44.68 (6.46%)

51545.46 (20.06%)

46.73 (4.59%)

57119.23 (10.81%)

No. of all Women SHGs linked 34.06

(-9.34%) 36151.58 (10.08%)

38.58 (13.27%)

45901.95 (26.97%)

40.36 (4.61%)

51428.91 (12.04%)

Percentage Of Women SHGs 81.2 84.2 86.35 89.05 86.37 90.04

Of which NRLM/SGSY 13.07

(9.55%) 10177.42 (18.38%)

18.46 (41.24%)

19752.74 (94.08%)

21.91 (18.69%)

26610.16 (34.72%)


31.1 23.7 41.32 38.32 46.89 46.59


(-1.57%) 3979.75 (14.93%)


NA NA 7.12 6.72 7.00 6.97

(Figures in parentheses indicate increase/decrease over the previous year) Source: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)

2.5.6.3 SHG-BLP is a strong intervention in financial inclusion for the bottom of pyramid. A proven platform initially conceived for increasing the outreach of banking services amongst the poor it has since graduated to a programme for promotion of livelihoods and poverty alleviation. Year 2015-16 was particularly positive for the growth of SHG-BLP. All states in Northern, North Eastern, Western and Eastern Regions have registered increase in number of SHGs with savings linkage during the year. The state-wise details of number of SHGs are given in Annexure 2.3.

2.6 Rural Business Hubs in Partnership with Panchayats

This scheme, launched as a Central Sponsored Scheme in June 2004, was discontinued during 12th Plan Period, due to overlaps with other similar schemes.

2.7 Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Urban Livelihoods Mission: 2.7.1 National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) was launched in September, 2013 by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, encompassing the

17

erstwhile Scheme, Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY). The Mission aims at organizing urban poor in Self-Help Groups, imparting skill training to urban poor for self and wage employment and helping them to set up self-employment ventures by providing credit on subsidized rate of interest. In addition, it also provides for shelters for urban homeless and infrastructure for street vendors. 2.7.2 NULM was earlier being implemented in all District Headquarter Towns and all other cities with a population of 1,00,000 or more as per 2011 Census, and later the scope of the mission was enhanced to include all statutory towns. It has been renamed as Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM). 2.7.3 Financial & Physical Progress under Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) / National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) since 2012-13 till 15.01.2017 is given in the following tables.

Financial Progress

S. No.

Financial Progress (Rs. in Crore)

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17 (As on

15.01.2017)

1. Total Central funds released to the State/UT under SJSRY/NULM

771.46 714.97 672.14 182.62 253.19

2. Total Central funds spent by the State/UT under SJSRY/NULM

558.19 618.66 432.24 334.54 367.61

Source: Annual Report 2016-17 (M/o HUPA)

Physical Progress

S. No.

Components under SJSRY/ NULM

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

1.

Total number of beneficiaries assisted for setting up Individual/ Group micro-enterprises

1,42,991 1,34,160 35,449 35,640 28,049

2. Total number of urban poor imparted skill training

5,35,779 7,05,507 1,82,037 1,45,124 3,51,017

3. Number of SHGs formed 19,900 25,008 47,772 38,672 46,999

4. Number of SHGs given Revolving Fund (RF)

1,86,311 4,13,291 18,677 19,603 38,305

Source: Annual Report 2016-17 (M/o HUPA)

18

CHAPTER 3

POINT 2: JAN SHAKTI (POWER TO PEOPLE) 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1. Empowering and providing quick justice to the people is the aim of Panchayati Raj system administered by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj. The caption Jan Shakti (Power to People) under TPP-2006 covers the following programmes/schemes: (1) Local Self Government (Panchayati Raj and Urban Local Bodies):

(a) Activity mapping for devolution of functions;

(b) Budget Flow of Funds and

(c) Assignment of functionaries, for devolution of functions by Panchayats.

(2) Quick and inexpensive justice and

(3) District Planning Committees.

3.2 Local Self Government - Panchayati Raj 3.2.1 The Constitutional Mandate: Panchayats are local governments mandated in the Constitution of India. As per the Constitution, three tiers of Panchayats are to be constituted, through elections every five years, except in States with population less than 20 lakh, where Panchayats at two tiers may be created. The Constitution recognizes the Gram Sabha, i.e. all the electors in a village Panchayat. The Constitution provides that seats and offices of chairpersons be reserved for the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) in proportion to their respective population, and not less than one third seats and offices of chairpersons be reserved for women, including within SC and ST reservations. Article 243 ZD of the Constitution mandates the setting up of District Planning Committees (DPCs) in every district, to consolidate the plans prepared by the Panchayats and Municipalities in the district and to prepare the draft development plan for the entire district. 3.2.2 The Constitution provides that State Election Commissions (SECs) be set up and vested with the superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of electoral rolls and the conduct of elections to the Panchayats. The Constitution further provides that State Finance Commissions (SFCs) be constituted every five years. SFCs are to make recommendations to the Governor regarding the distribution between the State and Panchayats of the net proceeds of taxes, duties, toll, fees, etc., the determination of taxes, duties tolls and fees which may be assigned to, or appropriated by, the Panchayats, and grants-in-aid to the Panchayats

19

from the Consolidated Fund of the State, as well as measures needed to improve the financial position of Panchayats. 3.2.3 The Role of States: Within the above broad framework, as local government is a State subject. State legislatures have a critical role in determining various aspects of Panchayati Raj in their States. States are keys as far as devolution of powers to Panchayats is concerned. The Constitution envisages that Panchayats will function as institutions of local government and prepare plans and implement schemes for economic development and socials justice, but leaves the precise devolution of powers and authority to Panchayats to the States. The State legislatures are to consider the 29 matters illustratively set out in the Eleventh Schedule at Annexure 3.1 for devolution to the Panchayats for the planning and implementation of schemes for economic development and social justice. Powers to impose taxes by the provision of funds to the Panchayats are determined by State. The powers of Gram Sabhas are also decided by States. Moreover, States play a critical role in building Panchayat capacities and in creating an appropriate framework for accountability and transparency. 3.2.4 Areas Not Covered under Part IX of the Constitution: While Part IX of the Constitution applies to a vast majority of the country, as per Article 243M of the Constitution, some areas are exempted from Part IX. These include the States of Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland, areas covered under the Sixth Schedule, the hill areas of Manipur and the district level Panchayats in the hill areas of Darjeeling. Various kinds of grassroots local governance structures exist in these areas. 3.2.5 Devolution of Powers to Panchayats: 3.2.5.1 Status of Devolution: Panchayat is a State subject and as per the Constitution, the devolution of powers and authority to Panchayats has been left to the discretion of States. As per Article 243G of the Constitution, the State Legislatures are to consider the 29 matters illustratively, set out in the Eleventh Schedule for devolution to the Panchayats. The status of devolution of Funds, Functions and Functionaries to Panchayats by States is provided at Annexure 3.2. 3.2.5.2 Advocacy with State Governments: The devolution of powers, responsibilities and resources to Panchayats is considered essential for sustainable decentralization and inclusive development. The Ministry of Panchayati Raj has been continuously persuading State Governments to devolve powers to Panchayats. 3.2.5.3 Functions Devolved by States to Panchayats: For effective devolution, there has to be a clear cut delineation of functions for each level of the local government. Clarity on the role and responsibilities of the Panchayats of different

20

tiers is provided by the unbundling of subjects or sectors and assignment of various activities to the different levels of government on the basis of clear principles of public finance and public accountability, and above all, the governance principles of subsidiarity, democratic decentralization and citizen-centricity. MoPR has been supporting States in preparing activity maps to delineate the roadmap for devolution. 3.2.5.4 Comparative study of extent of Devolution in States: To encourage States to empower Panchayats, the performance of States regarding devolution is measured through a comparative study every year. The Devolution Report is prepared by an independent agency and awards are given to States ranked high on devolution. Based on the study report of Tata Institute of Social Science (TISS), Mumbai for 2014-15, citations were given to the following 5 States who ranked high on cumulative devolution index on 24th April, 2015: 1st Kerala 2nd Sikkim 3rd - Karnataka 4th - Maharashtra 5th - West Bengal 3.3 Rajiv Gandhi Sashaktikaran Abhiyan (RGPSA) 3.3.1 To improve the functioning of PRI, the MoPR has implemented the Rajiv

Gandhi Sashaktikaran Abhiyan (RGPSA) in the 12th Five Year Plan period i.e. from

2012-13 upto 2015-16. The RGPSA has addressed the major constraints of in adequate devolution of powers, lack of manpower, in adequate infrastructure and limited capacity in the effective functioning of Panchayats by providing manpower infrastructure trainings and promotion of devolution of power to Panchayats and put in place structures of accountability. Substantive funds had been released to the States up to 2014-15 towards the above activities. 3.3.2 The provision of funds to the States under the scheme has been transferred to the States w.e.f. the year 2015-16. Funds to the tune of Rs.191.00 crore were provided for RGPSA in the R.E. 2015-16 for Central activities. These funds received under the Central Component were primarily meant for supporting States to meet their Capacity Building obligations under Fourteenth Finance Commission (FFC) Award particularly training support for Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP). Support was provided for Capacity Building requirement for GPDP, training infrastructure and HR, HR for Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA) and e governance, and for programme management costs.

21

3.3.3 Cumulative Central release to States so far under the scheme is Rs 1253.42 Cr (from 2012-13 to 2015-16). Cumulative expenditure reported by the States comes to Rs 1071.92 Cr (85.51%). The physical progress made out of scheme is given in table below:

Physical performance during 2013-14 , 2014-15 & 2015-16 under Rajiv Gandhi Panchayat Sashaktikaran Abhiyan (RGPSA)

Technical & Administrative support at GP (discontinued from 2015-16 of RGPSA on account of delinking of State component) Manpower to Gram Panchayats 2013-14 2014-15 2015-

Accountant/DEO 54,753 71727 10 PDO 14,762 11001 15 Junior Engineer 2,570 8247 11 Others - 876 -

Gram Panchayat buildings and repair (discontinued from 2015-16 of RGPSA on account of delinking of State component) GP Buildings New Repairs

3,128 7,727

2497 8356

6 0

Capacity building and training of Panchayat representatives and functionaries Training of Elected Representative and functionaries ( in lakh)

10.96 17.21 67.32 Support for resource centres at State, District and Block level State Panchayat Resource Centres (Nos.) 23 HR Support (Nos.) 16 17 16 District Panchayat Resource Centers (Nos.) 136 189 23 HR Support (Nos.) 12 18 13 Block Panchayat Resource Centers (Nos.) 338 851 0 Computers and other e-enablement activities E governance(PMU)/Resource unit (in no. of States) Computer, UPS and Printers (Nos.)

0 22506

7 20126

19 622 SATCOM in States 2 8 0

PESA in States 9 8 6 Innovative activity in States 0 3 2 SEC in States 2 14 1 Programme management and IEC in States 26 28 27

3.4 The Backward Region Grant Fund (BRGF): 3.4.1 The Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF) Programme was launched by the then Prime Minister at Barletta in Assam on 19th February 2007, to address the issues of regional imbalances in development process. MoPR implemented the District component of the Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF) Programme in 272 identified backward districts of all the States of the country except Goa with effect from 2006-07 to 2014-15.

22

3.4.2 BRGF had two components viz. Development Grant and Capacity Building. The fund provided financial resources for supplementing and converging existing developmental inflows into identified districts to bridge critical gaps in local infrastructure and other development requirements.

3.4.3 BRGF encouraged convergence of plans through Integrated District Plan preparation. It emphasized on participative plans prepared from the grassroots level upwards rather than the top down approach. BRGF Programme strengthened functioning of the District Planning Committees (DPCs). The Programme was launched in 2007 and only 13 States had constituted the DPC. Now all the States covered under the Programme have constituted DPCs or similar bodies. 3.4.4 Works undertaken under BRGF included construction of Anganwadi Centres, Agricultural Infrastructure, Bridges/Culverts, Commercial Complexes, Community Centres, Panchayat Bhawans, Playgrounds, Roads, School Buildings, etc. 3.4.5 Progress of release of funds under the BRGF: For the FY 2014-15, the BE allocation of Rs. 5900.00 crore for the District Component of BRGF Programme has been reduced to Rs.2837.00 crore at the RE stage. As on 28.02.2015, Ministry has released Rs. 2819.26 crore under BRGF (Development Grant & Capacity Building). The state wise release of funds under BRGF is at Annexure 3.3.

Release of funds under BRGF during 2014-15

(Rs. in crore) i. Budget Estimate 5900.00 ii. Revised Estimate 2837.00 iii. Funds Released upto 28.02.2015 2819.26 iv. Capacity Building 57.59 v. Development Grant 2761.67

Total Funds Released 2819.26 The BRGF Programme has been delinked from budgetary support of the Central Government with effect from the financial year 2015-16. 3.5 Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996, (PESA): Article 243M of the Constitution, while exempting the Fifth Schedule areas from Part IX of the Constitution, provides that Parliament may by law extend its provisions to the Scheduled and Tribal Areas subject to such exceptions and modifications as may be specified in such law and no such law shall be deemed to be an amendment to the Constitution. On the basis of the report of the Bhuria Committee submitted in 1995, the Parliament enacted the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996

23

(PESA) to extend Part IX of the Constitution with certain modifications and exceptions to the Scheduled V areas of 10 States viz. Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan and Telangana. 3.5.1 MoPR has taken following initiatives to strengthen the implementation of PESA Act: A consolidated guidelines on implementation of PESA have been issued on

21.5.2010 to all the States having Fifth Schedule Areas. States have also been advised that full videography of all Gram Sabha meetings be done, which would help in improving the transparency and accountability in the Panchayati Raj system at grassroots level. Further, in July, 2013. States were requested to take appropriate steps to ensure participation of SC/ST members in Gram Sabha meetings.

Constant reviews of the implementation of the PESA Act in the States having Schedule Areas, through visits to States, correspondence and meetings in the Ministry have been undertaken.

Resource persons to oversee/coordinate PESA implementation: In January 2015, the MoPR has requested the State Governments that the Prime Ministers Rural Development Fellows (PMRDF), who are available as ready resource for various rural development activities, may also be involved to support the district administration in the process of strengthening the monitoring systems in implementation of matters related to PESA.

Provision of PESA Coordinator at State Level: MoPR has asked all the States having Fifth Schedule Areas have to place PESA Coordinator at the State level in the State Panchayat Resource Centres (SPRCs) established/to be established under RGPSA to strengthen the training component related to PESA and also support the Department of Panchayati Raj on policy matters which also calls for coordination with various line departments.

MoPR has prepared and released a Handbook on Community Mobilisation in Fifth Schedule Areas on National Panchayati Raj Day, April 24, 2015. The book contains basic information about the provisions of PESA, methods of community mobilization and role of Gram Sabha/community mobilisers and PESA coordinators.

The States have been requested in July, 2015 to frame strategy to: (i) include implementation status of PESA provisions in the Governors

Annual Report;

24

(ii) to fill up vacancies, create Panchayat cadres and give hardship allowance to Panchayat functionaries so that they come forward to work in these areas; and

(iii) create information-cum-grievance redressal mechanisms.

The implementation of PESA Act in Fifth Schedule Areas has been reviewed by the Parliamentary Consultative Committee attached to the Ministry of Rural Development, Panchayati Raj, Drinking Water and Sanitation in its meeting held at National Institute of Rural Development, Hyderabad on November 18, 2015.

MoPR, has issued detailed guidelines, all the States, for preparation of Gram Panchayat Development Plans (GPDP) including those in most affected Left Wing Extremism (LWE) GPs to improve utilisation of resources which are available with them. These are participatory plans, which are prepared by involving people in planning for resources available with the Panchayats. This planning process will be supported by the State under RGPSA and will make the Gram Sabhas involved in the planning process, transparent and accountable.

A National Workshop was organized at New Delhi on February 4-5, 2016 to review the progress of implementation of PESA in States, issues and challenges being faced and the way forward. The workshop was attended by Union and State Ministers of Panchayati Raj, State Secretaries, officials of Union Ministries and other stakeholders. MoPR is monitoring the action the recommendations of the workshop.

Under RGPSA, the Fifth Schedule Areas are being assisted financially by making provision for one Gram Sabha Mobiliser in each Gram Panchayat, one PESA Coordinator in each Block, one PESA Coordinator in each district, a sum of Rs.10,000/-(annually) for each Gram Panchayat for orientation programmes for Gram Sabhas in Fifth Schedule Areas and a sum of Rs.10,000/-(annually) for contracting an NGO for regular hand holding. The purpose of this assistance is to provide support to PRIs for their efficient functioning. To have a responsive and sensitive approach towards implementation of the Act, MoPR felt the need to train the ERs and PFs at Gram Panchayat/Block and District levels in addition, to the officials of district administration and all other related line departments. Accordingly, State Governments prepared annual plans through State Institutes of Rural Development (SIRDs) to systematically address the training requirements of ERs and PFs and other Government officials. Funds available under RGPSA are being used for capacity building training by the States.

25

Financial assistance under the Fourteenth Finance Commission award is also

available to the Fifth Schedule Areas for supporting and strengthening the delivery of basic services water supply, sanitation including septage management, sewerage, storm water drainage and solid waste management, street lighting, local body roads and footpaths, parks, playgrounds, burial and cremation grounds. It is expected that the enhancement of direct and untied funding to the local bodies in LWE areas will improve basic services to the people and systems of administration.

3.5.2 Amendment to PESA Act, 1996: MoPR has proposed amendments in the PESA Act to remove certain deficiencies and gaps still existent in the implementation of PESA Act. The proposed amendments will empower the local people who will have their say in planning and decision making.

3.5.3 The Ministry of Panchayati Raj had conducted a study of the subject laws of all the PESA States regarding compliance of PESA. The study has suggested changes required in the compliance of State Panchayati Raj laws and other subject laws with the provisions of PESA. The study reports have been sent to the States with the request to make necessary amendments, frame rules, etc. States have made certain amendments to various subject laws/rules in consultation with the line departments.

3.5.4 Difficulties in implementation of PESA: Inspite of the critical importance of implementing PESA in the Fifth schedule areas, there are many operational issues acting as constraints in implementation of PESA. Five out of ten States are yet to frame their State specific PESA rules, which will

facilitate proper implementation of the PESA Act in letter and spirit. Some State and Central subject laws relating to mines and minerals, forests and

land acquisition, etc., are yet to be made PESA compliant. Constant follow up is made with the State Governments and Central Ministries/ Departments to amend their laws to make them compliant to PESA.

The functioning of Gram Sabhas has to be made effective by ensuring participation of government functionaries in the meetings of Gram Sabhas. This will help in channelizing the generation of demands by the villagers and also in accountability of the functionaries, particularly in the left wing extremism affected areas.

There is also need to make the Gram Sabhas more active and build capacities of Gram Sabha, Panchayat Representatives and officials. There is a need to monitor the implementation of the Act at the District and State Level.

26

3.5.5 Implementation Status of PESA in the States: All the ten States having Fifth Schedule Areas are required to make their State Panchayati Raj Acts and concerned subject laws compliant with the provisions of PESA Act, 1996. All the States have taken action and made the Panchayati Raj Acts and some of their subject laws PESA compliant. As reported by the States, the status of compliance of Panchayati Raj Acts and Subject Laws with PESA as on February 06, 2016 (after which the scheme got discontinued) is given at Annexure 3.4 and Annexure 3.5.

3. 6 Quick and Inexpensive JusticeGram Nyayalayas and Nyaya Panchayats

3.6.1 Gram Nyayalayas: A Central Sector scheme for providing financial assistance to the State Governments / UT Administrations for establishment and Operationalisation of Gram Nyayalayas was launched in December, 2009. So far 10 States have notified 291 Gram Nyayalayas, out of which 175 are operational. An amount of Rs.4460 lakh has been released to the State Governments under the Scheme from 2009-10 to 2016-17. A fund of Rs. 211.00 lakh was released during 2015-16. State-wise details of notified and functional Gram Nyayalayas is given in table below: Sl.No State Notified Functional Funds released during

2015-16 (Rs. in lakh)

1 Madhya Pradesh 89 89 0.00 2 Rajasthan 45 45 0.00 3 Karnataka 2 0 0.00 4 Odisha 16 13 211.00 5 Maharashtra 23 23 0.00 6 Jharkhand 6 0 0.00 7 Goa 2 0 0.00 8 Punjab 2 1 0.00 9 Haryana 2 2 0.00

10 Uttar Pradesh 104 2 0.00 Total 291 175 211.00

Source: Ministry of Law & Justice (Department of Justice) Website

3.6.2 Nyaya Panchayat:

3.6.2.1 Ministry of Panchayati Raj had prepared a Draft Nyaya Panchayat Bill to provide for the establishment of Nyaya Panchayats, at the level of each Village Panchayat or a cluster of Village Panchayats in consultation with the Ministry of Law & Justice. The objective of the proposed Nyaya Panchayat Bill had been to provide a sound institutionalized, alternative forum at the grassroots level with community involvement for dispute resolution through mediation, conciliation and compromise. However, as the observations raised by the Ministry of Law and Justice about the

27

basic structure of the Nyaya Panchayat bill could not be resolved and the State Governments have expressed reluctance to fund the Nyaya Panchayats, the matter has been reconsidered in the Ministry of Panchayati Raj and has decided not to pursue the Nyaya Panchayat Bill.

3.6.2.2 Ministry of Panchayati Raj has advised the States/UTs to undertake a Dispute-Free Village Scheme on the pattern of Mahatma Gandhi Dispute Free Village Campaign of Government of Maharashtra as an alternate arrangement. This Scheme is a Village Level Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) system, which seeks to prevent occurrence of disputes, resolve present and future disputes amicably through a Panch Panel comprising of village elders, police and respected citizens.

3.7 District Planning Committees (DPCs): The District Planning Committees are primarily concerned with consolidation of Plans for Economic Development and Social Justice prepared by Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies into District Development Plan. Such holistic planning is expected to result in convergence of schemes, their synergistic implementation and better outcome.

3.7.1 Under Article 243 ZD of the Constitution, District Planning Committees are to be set up in every State except Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, J&K and NCT of Delhi at the district level to consolidate the plans prepared by the Panchayats and the Municipalities in the district and to prepare a draft development plan for the district as a whole. The Legislature of the State is to make provision through law regarding the composition of the District Planning Committees and the manner in which the seats are filled. However, the progress in formation of District Planning Committees has not been satisfactory. Even in States where the committees have been formed, they are not functioning well. 3.7.2 When BRGF was launched in August 2006, of the 24 States to which Part IXA of the Constitution applied, only 13 States had duly constituted the DPCs. As a result of the BRGF Programme, all the States covered under the Programme have now constituted DPCs or similar bodies. The BRGF Programme has now been delinked from budgetary support of the Central Government with effect from financial year 2015-16. 3.7.3 Progress: The District Planning Committees are primarily concerned with consolidation of Plans for Economic Development and Social Justice prepared by Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies into District Development Plans. Such holistic planning is expected to result in convergence of scheme, synergistic implementation and better outcome. As per latest information, the District Planning Committees (DPCs) have been constituted so far in 23 states, except in Jharkhand. Elections to PRIs in Jharkhand have been held and they are now in the process of constituting DPCs.

28

CHAPTER 4

POINT 3: KISAN MITRA (SUPPORT TO FARMERS)

4.1 Introduction

In view of the high dependence of farmers on rainfall in India, improved availability of water for agriculture through watershed development, minor and micro irrigation projects and schemes for dry land farming is crucial to improve living standards of farmers. This, along with credit, marketing and infrastructural assistance, making land available to the landless, are items monitored in this programme titled Kisan Mitra. The main components monitored under TPP-2006 are:

(1) Watershed Development; (2) Marketing and Infrastructural Support to Farmers; (3) Irrigation Facilities (including minor and micro irrigation) for Agriculture; (4) Credit to Farmers; and (5) Distribution of Waste Land to the Landless.

4.2 Watershed Development 4.2.1 The government has been focusing on the watershed development through various schemes, as increased productivity of lands in rain-fed areas may hold the key to meet the challenge of food security in the country. However, in order to provide convergence across schemes, all these schemes have been brought under a single scheme- Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana. 4.2.2 The Integrated Watershed Management Programme was launched in 2009-10, combining three earlier schemes - Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP), Desert Development Programme (DDP) and Integrated Wasteland Development Programme (IWDP) of the Department of Land Resources As on 31.12.2015, under this scheme, the Department of Land Resources had sanctioned 8214 projects covering an area of 39.07 million ha and has released Rs. 12496.9 crore as Central Share to the States except Goa. 4.2.3 Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) has been launched in 2015-16 by amalgamating ongoing schemes of three Departments viz. Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) and PMKSY (WR) of Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR); IWMP of Department of Land Resources (DoLR), Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) and the Minor Irrigation component of On Farm Water

29

Management (OFWM) of National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), being implemented by the Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC). The nodal Ministry for PMKSY is Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture. Total allocation for PMKSY for 2015-16 is Rs. 5300 crore, out of which Rs 1530 crore has been allocated for the watershed component. The major activities undertaken under the WDC-PMKSY inter alia includes preparation of Detailed Project Reports, community mobilisation, institution and capacity building, entry point activities, ridge area treatment, drainage line treatment, soil and moisture conservation, rain water harvesting, nursery raising, afforestation, horticulture, pasture development, livelihood activities for the asset-less persons and production system & micro enterprises for small and marginal farmers. 4.2.4 Progress under IWMP/WDC-PMKSY:

Under the erstwhile IWMP, state-wise and year-wise details of central funds provided under Institutional Support from 2009-10 to 2015-16 is given at Annexure 4.1. All the projects of the scheme are now being monitored under WDC-PMKSY. As on 31.12.2015, a total of 8214 projects covering an area of 39.07 m.ha. have been sanctioned in 29 States under IWMP/WDC-PMKSY. Since inception of the scheme, an amount of Rs. 12496.9 crore has been released to the States as central share for the projects sanctioned under IWMP/WDC-PMKSY. State-wise details of projects sanctioned, area covered and funds released during 2009-10 to 2015-16 (as on 31.12.2015) are given at Annexure 4.2. Initiatives under Watershed Programme: A new initiative in the form of a Technical Assistance Programme, assisted by the World Bank, namely, the Neeranchal National Watershed Project, approved by the Cabinet on 7th October 2015, has been launched by the Department of Land Resources. Neeranchal will support Watershed Development Component of PM Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (WDC-PMKSY).

4.3 Marketing and Infrastructural Support to Farmers: The Government has been playing an important role in developing Agriculture Marketing system in the country. The Marketing Division of Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare (DAC&FW) is concerned with policy and programme implementation for Agricultural Marketing Reforms and Schemes such as Integrated Scheme for Agricultural Marketing (ISAM), Price Stabilisation Fund (PSF) and National Agricultural Market (NAM) through Agri-Tech Infrastructure Fund (ATIF).

30

The ongoing Central Sector Schemes implemented by the Marketing Division of Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare during XII Plan were integrated into a new scheme viz. the Integrated Scheme for Agricultural Marketing (ISAM) w.e.f. 01.04.2014. The ISAM has five sub schemes namely (i) Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI) {the erstwhile schemes of Grameen Bhandaran Yojana (GBY) and the Scheme for Development/Strengthening of Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure, Grading and Standardisation (AMIGS) have been subsumed into AMI sub scheme}, (ii) Marketing Research and Information Network (MRIN), (iii) Strengthening of Agmark Grading Facilities (SAGF) (iv) Agri-business Development (ABD) through Venture Capital Assistance (VCA) and Project Development Facility (PDF) and (v) Ch. Charan Singh National Institute of Agricultural Marketing (NIAM), Jaipur. The first three sub schemes are implemented by Directorate of Marketing & Inspection (DMI), the fourth sub scheme by Small Farmers Agri-Business Consortium (SFAC), New Delhi and fifth sub scheme by NIAM, Jaipur. 4.3.1 Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI) Sub Scheme 4.3.1.1 Ministry of Agriculture is implementing the Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI) sub-scheme of Integrated Scheme of Agricultural Marketing, for assisting creation of agricultural marketing infrastructure. It is a demand driven and credit linked scheme and the subsidy is back-ended. The erstwhile schemes of Grameen Bhandaran Yojana (GBY) and the scheme for Development/ Strengthening of Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure, Grading and Standardisation (AMIGS) have been subsumed into AMI sub scheme. Under the AMI sub scheme, there are two components:

(i) storage infrastructure component; and (ii) component of marketing infrastructure other than storage.

4.3.1.2 Since inception of the GBY from 01.04.2001 and up to 31.03.2016, a total number of 37795 godowns having a capacity of 619.49 lakh MT with a subsidy of Rs. 2199.07 crore have been sanctioned all over the country. During the XII plan period (upto 31.03.2016) a total of 9708 storage infrastructure projects with storage capacity of 302.31 lakh MT has been sanctioned against the physical target of 230 lakh MT storage capacity. The scheme is temporarily stopped for general category w.e.f 05.08.2014 due to exhaustion of funds. However, the scheme is open for SC/ST category in other than NER and for all categories in North-Eastern Region. 4.3.1.3 In respect of agri-marketing infrastructure other than storage (erstwhile AMIGS), since inception (of AMIGS) in 20.10.2004 upto 31.12.2015 a total of 12,285 of marketing infrastructure projects have been sanctioned and subsidy of Rs.

31

1403.60 crore has been released. The target for sanctioning of agri-marketing infrastructure (other than storage) in the XII plan is 4000 projects and the achievement against this target up to December, 2015 is 4793. 4.3.1.4 The AMI sub scheme has been temporality stopped since 05.08.2014 for promoters of General Category due to exhaustion of funds and only committed liabilities are being met as on date. However as the funds are available for Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe (SC/ST) and NER categories, the Scheme continues to be implemented for such promoters. 4.3.1.5 Progress of AMI Sub Scheme The details of sanctioning of storage capacity and AMI (other than storage), physical progress vis--vis targets, in the XII plan up to December, 2015, are given in the following table.

S. No. Infrastructure Component Physical

Target Achievement

1. Sanctioning of Storage Capacity

230.00 lakh MT 285.64 lakh MT

2. Sanctioning of AMI (Other Infrastructure)

4000 projects 4793 projects

4.3.2 Strengthening of Agmark Grading Facilities (SAGF) Sub Scheme: The Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act, 1937 provides for grading and marking of agricultural and other produce. The Act empowers Central Government to make Rules for (a) fixing grade designation to indicate quality of any scheduled article (b) defining quality indicated by every grade designation and (c) specifying grade designation mark to represent particular grade designation. Standard notified as per provisions of the Act are popularly called Agmark standards. These standards differentiate between quality and 2-3 grades are prescribed for each commodity. Grades help farmers /traders to get prices for their agricultural commodities as per the quality produced by them and consumers get the desired quality. As on date, 105 Grading and Marking Rules covering 213 commodities, have been notified under the provisions of AP (G&M) Act, 1937. These include fruit and vegetables, cereals, pulses, oil seeds, vegetable oils, ghee, spices, honey etc. Grading and marking of agricultural commodities is voluntary as per provisions of the Act. The Central Agmark Laboratory at Nagpur and Regional Agmark Laboratories at Mumbai, Chennai, Kochi, Delhi, Jaipur, Kanpur and Kolkata have been accredited with the

32

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) as per the International Standard ISO 17025. SAGF scheme supports the programme by meeting expenditure incurred by 11 Regional Agmark Laboratories (RAL) and the Central Agmark Laboratory on purchase of equipment, chemicals, glassware and apparatus, Annual Maintenance Contract (AMC) of the equipment as well as renovation and repair works in the Agmark Laboratories/ Regional and Sub offices. 4.3.3 Marketing Research and Information Network (MRIN) Sub Scheme: This scheme was launched as Central Sector Scheme in March, 2000 with objective to collect and disseminate information on price, arrival and other market related data for the benefit of farmers and other market stakeholders. DMI implements the scheme in collaboration with Agricultural Marketing Boards/Directorates, APMCs and NIC. Wholesale prices and arrivals information in respect of more than 300 commodities and 2000 varieties are being disseminated through the AGMARKNET portal on daily basis. 3244 wholesale markets have been linked to the portal (http://agmarknet.nic.in) and more than 2700 markets have been reporting the data. In addition to price, several other market related information like accepted standards/grades, labelling, sanitary and phytosanitary requirement, physical infrastructure of storage and warehousing , marketing laws, fees payable, etc., are being provided on the portal. The price and arrival information is being disseminated in 11 languages. New innovations have been introduced for dissemination of market data through SMS by GOLIFE, IFFCO Kisan Sanchar Ltd. etc. at grass root level. Daily Price Information is provided to farmers and other intended users in a localized manner through GPS enabled Agri-Market Mobile APP within a radius of 50 Km. An arrangement has also been made for display of arrival and price data through price Ticker Boards set up by the Forward Markets Commission (FMC) at different wholesale markets. The portal also has linkages with various organizations concerned with agricultural marketing. Besides spot price, the portal also provides access to future prices of National Commodity Exchanges. Information on MSP and Spot Market prices are provided through Farmers portal by the Extension Functionaries for benefit of Farmers. Information on International commodity prices, e-directory of markets, market profiles, FSSAI and CODEX Standards etc. are also provided on the Agmarknet portal. 4.3.4 Marketing extension: Quality control programme under Agmark as well as different Plan schemes of the Directorate are given wide publicity through mass media. DMI celebrates National Consumer Day on 24th December and World Consumer Day on 15th March through its Field Offices every year. DMI also participates in India International Trade Fair (IITF) from 14-27 November, at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, AAHAR, the International Food & Hospitality Fair at New Delhi

33

from 10-14 March and organizes National Agmark Exhibition every year in important cities. 4.3.5 Training of Personnel in Agriculture Marketing: The Directorate conducts a number of training programmes related to agricultural marketing for the benefit of in service personnel of State Agricultural Marketing Board/Directorates, APMCs, Cooperatives, etc. of various State Governments/Union Territories. So far, 13084 Agricultural Marketing personnel have been trained since inception till 31.03.2015 under these training programmes. During the period 1st April, 2015 to December, 2015 a total of 67 personnel have been trained. 4.3.6 Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC): SFAC was set up as a registered society on 18th January, 1994. Currently, the members of SFAC include RBI, SBI, IDBI, EXIM Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, NABARD, Canara Bank, NAFED etc. SFAC is implementing a Central Sector Scheme for Agribusiness Development through Venture Capital Assistance (VCA) to qualifying projects which promote linkages with farmers for procurement of their produce as raw material and provide employment in rural areas and have term-loan sanctioned by any Notified Financial Institution such as nationalized banks, SBI and its subsidiaries, IDBI, SIDBI, NABARD, NCDC, NEDFi, Exim Bank, RRBs and State Financial Corporations. The mission of the Society is to support innovative ideas for generating income and employment in rural areas by promoting private investment in agri-business projects.

SFAC is implementing the Central Sector Scheme for agribusiness development in association with 43 Commercial Banks as on date for providing (i) Venture Capital to agribusiness projects, and (ii) assistance to farmers / products groups for preparing bankable Detailed Project Reports (DPR). During 2015-16, SFAC achieved the physical target of 145 projects against an annual target of 200. Since inception of the Scheme, DAC released an amount of Rs. 426.91 crore till 08.12.2015, against which the expenditure of Rs. 415.77 crore had been incurred. SFAC has also assisted 1267 agribusiness projects and released Venture Capital Assistance of Rs. 382.32 crore generating private and institutional investment of Rs. 4660.74 crore, which will provide an assured market to 1.37 lakh farmers for their produce and create direct employment for 67425 persons.

SFAC also promotes the formation of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPO) and has launched two schemes of Equity Grant Fund and Credit Guarantee Fund for Farmer Producer Companies, benefit hundreds of newly formed producer companies across the country to increase their equity capital and leverage institutional borrowing from banks. SFAC has so far sanctioned 29 projects amounting to Rs. 153.98 lakh under Equity Grant Fund.

34

4.3.7 National Agriculture Market (NAM): Following the Budget announcements in July 2014 and 2015, the scheme for setting up of National Agriculture Market (NAM) through Agri-Tech Infrastructure Fund (ATIF) was approved by Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) on 01.07.2015 with a budget of Rs.200 crore and to be implemented during 2015-16 to 2017-18.

The scheme envisages implementation of the National Agriculture Market (NAM) by setting up of an appropriate common e-market platform that would be deployable in selected 585 regulated wholesale markets in States/UTs desirous of joining the e-platform. Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC) will implement the national e-platform and will cover 250, 200 and 135 mandis during 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively. SFAC will implement the e-platform along with its Strategic Partner M/s. Nagarjuna Fertilizers and Chemicals Ltd. in consortium with Techno Brain Global FZE. 11.37 As on date, proposals from Gujarat (40 mandis), Maharashtra (30 mandis), Telangana (44 mandis), Jharkhand (19 mandis), Chhattisgarh (05 mandis), Madhya Pradesh (50 mandis), Rajasthan (25 mandis), Uttar Pradesh (66 mandis), Haryana (54 mandis), Himachal Pradesh (19 mandis), Andhra Pradesh (12 mandis) and UT of Chandigarh (01 mandi) have been approved for integration of mandis with NAM.

4.3.8 Price Stabilisation Fund (PSF): The Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare (DAC&FW) approved the Price Stabilisation Fund (PSF) as a Central Sector Scheme, with a corpus of Rs.500 crore, to support market interventions for price control of agricultural commodities that are susceptible to high price volatility. PSF is used to advance interest free loan to State Governments, Central agencies and PSUs/Cooperatives under Ministries to support their working capital and other expenses on procurement and distribution interventions for such commodities. Initially the fund is proposed to be used for market intervention in respect of pulses, onion and potato only.

In 2015-16, under the PSF the Government took several price stabilization measures which included procurement and distribution of 6011.82 MT of onions by SFAC and NAFED, for which SFAC was released Rs. 9.16 Crore and NAFED was released Rs. 8.7 crore and MMTC imported 2000 MT of onion of Chinese and Egyptian origin in two batches. Under the PSF assistance was also provided to various states for undertaking marketing intervention operations namely viz. Telangana (onion), Andhra Pradesh (onion, potato and pulses), West Bengal (onion). To further supplement and provide an effective measure for price control of pulses it has been decided to create a buffer stock of 1,50,000 MT of pulses (arhar, urad, chana and masur) in 2015-16.

35

4.4 Irrigation Facilities (including Minor and Micro Irrigation) for Agriculture 4.4.1 Micro Irrigation for Agriculture: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India has been implementing the Centrally Sponsored Scheme on Micro Irrigation (MI) since January, 2006, which was up scaled as the National Mission on Micro Irrigation (NMMI) in June, 2010. The objective of the scheme is to encourage the farmers to go in for water saving and conservation technologies. From 1st April, 2014, NMMI has been subsumed under the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) and is implemented as On Farm Water Management (OFWM) component.

4.4.2 On Farm Water Management (OFWM): The objective of OFWM is to focus primarily on enhancing water use efficiency by promoting appropriate technological interventions like drip and sprinkle irrigation technologies, efficient on-farm water management technologies etc. It will emphasize on the effective harvesting and management of rain water. Assistance is extended for adopting water conservation technologies, efficient delivery and distribution application systems, etc. In addition to this, water users associations are involved to manage and equitably distribute the resources etc. It provides for conservation of water on farm itself, by digging farm ponds using MNREGA funds and earth moving machinery (to the extent manual digging under MGNREGA is not feasible).

4.4.3 The items on which assistance is provided under OFWM are as follows:

4.4.3.1 Micro Irrigation:

(a) Drip Irrigation (Wide spaced crops); (b) Drip Irrigation (Close spaced crops with rows at less than 1.2 meter); (c) Micro Sprinkler; (d) Mini Sprinkler; (e) Portable Sprinkler; (f) Semi Permanent Irrigation System; and (g) Large Volume Sprinkler Irrigation System (Rain gun).

4.4.3.2 On-farm water distribution / application:

(a) Land leveling, Construction of field channels, sub surface distribution with box outlets; and

36

(b) Construction of Secondary Storage Structures with protective fence, Connectivity from canal /distributor / outlet, inlet and silt detention structures at feasible locations:

4.4.3.3 On-farm Drainage: Support for mechanical, biological or combination of both systems for improving drainage in waterlogged farm land.

4.4.4 Progress of Micro Irrigation: The Target Area proposed to be covered under Micro Irrigation during 2015-16 was about 5 lakh hectare. Budget Estimates (2015-16) for implementation of the scheme in all States/UTs was Rs. 1000 crore and an amount of Rs. 1001.23 crore was released during the year. An area of approximately 5.6 lakh hectare has been covered under the Micro Irrigation Programme during 2015-16 comprising of 3.5 lakh hectare under drip irrigation and 2.1 lakh hectare under sprinkler irrigation. The micro irrigation part of the item Irrigation facilities for agriculture under TPP-2006 covers the parameters (i) Area covered under Drip irrigation and (ii) Area covered under sprinkler irrigation. The State/UT wise statement of Area Covered under Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Micro Irrigation during 2015-16 is given at Annexure - 4.3. 4.4.5 Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme Coverage of Minor Irrigation: The Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (AIBP) was launched during 1996-97 to give loan assistance to the states to help them complete some of the incomplete major/medium irrigation projects which were in an advanced stage of completion and create additional irrigation potential in the country. The Surface Minor Irrigation Schemes of North-Eastern States, Hilly States of Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and undivided Koraput, Balangir and Kalahandi Districts of Odisha have also been provided Central Loan Assistance (CLA) under this programme since 1999-2000. Grant component has been introduced in the Programme from April, 2004 like other Central Sector Schemes.

4.4.6 Progress of Minor Irrigation (MI) Schemes under AIBP: Under Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme, the State Governments have been provided an amount of Rs. 6811.156 crore CLA/Grant under AIBP since inception of this programme till December, 2015 for 297 major/ medium irrigation projects and 16769 surface minor irrigation schemes. After commencement of this Programme, 143 major/medium and 12083 surface minor irrigation schemes have so far been completed. The irrigation potential of 95.95 lakh hectare has been created up to March 2014. Of the 65 major/medium projects initially included in the Prime Ministers relief package for agrarian distressed districts of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Maharashtra, 40 projects have been funded under AIBP so far. The grant released so far for these projects is Rs.7615.6688 crore.

37

4.5 Credits to Farmers:

4.5.1 Kisan Credit Card Scheme: ln order to ensure that all eligible farmers are provided with hassle free and timely credit for their agricultural operation, Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme was introduced in 1998-99. Marginal farmers, share croppers, oral lessee and tenant farmers are eligible to be covered under the Scheme. The main objectives of the Scheme are: to meet the short term credit requirements for cultivation of crops, post-harvest expenses, produce marketing loan, consumption requirements of farmer household, working capital for maintenance of farm assets and activities allied to agriculture, like dairy animals, inland fishery etc. Investment credit requirement for agriculture and allied activities like pump sets, sprayers, dairy animals etc. The State Governments have been advised to launch an intensive branch/village level campaign to provide Kisan Credit Card to all the eligible and willing farmers in a time bound manner. KCCs have now been converted into Smart Card cum Debit Cards to facilitate its operation through ATMs. The cumulative number of live KCCs issued by Commercial Banks, Cooperative Banks & Regional Rural Banks as on 31 March, 2016 was 752.72 lakh with outstanding loan amount of Rs.530034.58 crore. Details of Kisan Credit Card (KCCs) issued is given at Annexure 4.4.

4.6 Distribution of Waste Land to the Landless:

4.6.1 Land is the most important natural resource upon which all human activity is based. Mans inexorable progress towards development has, however, considerably damaged out land resource base. Land reforms related issues including distribution of wasteland to landless essentially fall in the domain of the State Governments. The Central Government has a limited role to play, being mainly advisory in nature. The nodal agency for land resource management at the Centre is the Department of Land Resources, which monitors all the land-based development programmes and the land reforms. The Department reviews from time to time implementation of land reforms programmes including distribution of Govt. wastelands at various fora, including Conference of the Revenue Ministers/Secretaries of States and UTs organized by the Ministry of Rural Development. The State Governments are requested from time to time for distribution of Government wastelands to the rural poor.

4.6.2 Progress: Distribution of wasteland to the landless has been included as item No. 13 of the restructured Twenty Point Programme 2006. Accordingly, the State Governments and Union Territory Administrations were requested for intimating the achievement during 2015-16 under this item for inclusion in the Annual Report on the TPP-2006. During the year 2015-16, information could be received from following States/ UTs only and the details are as follow:

38

Distribution of wasteland to landless S.No. State/UT Land distributed during 2015-16

(Area in Hectares ) SC ST Others Total

1 Bihar 59 0 19 78 2 Odisha 17 37 7 61 3 Telangana 2,155 0 0 2,155 4 Uttar Pradesh 293 0 352 645 5 West Bengal 300 122 478 929 6 Lakshadweep 59 0 0 0

Total 2,883 159 856 3,868

NR-Arunachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura 0 for Remaining State/UTs (Source TPP 2006 Progress Report 2015-16)

39

CHAPTER 5

POINT 4: SHRAMIK KALYAN (LABOUR WELFARE)

5.1 Introduction Rural labourers are largely unorganized. Many of them remain unemployed in

the lean agricultural season, particularly in unirrigated areas. Legitimate rights like minimum wages often remain elusive to them. With a view to ensuring the welfare and well-being of all workers, particularly those in the unorganized sector, the following items have been included under Labour Welfare of TPP-2006: (1) Social Security for Agricultural and Unorganized Labour; (2) Minimum Wages Enforcement (Including Farm Labour); (3) Prevention of Child Labour; and (4) Welfare of Women Labour. 5.2 Social Security for Agricultural and Unorganized Labour: The term unorganized labour has been defined as those workers who have not been able to organize themselves in pursuit of their common interests due to certain constraints such as casual nature of employment, ignorance and illiteracy, small and scattered size establishments, etc. 5.2.1 As per Census 2011, there are about 36.25 crore workers in the country, but only a small segment of the organized work-force is covered by some form of social security. For the rest, a job is the best guarantee for social security right now. However, the labour market is moving in a direction that changeover of jobs by an individual will become more frequent, as the public sector which provides a comprehensive social security cover to its employees, is shrinking in size. More workers are seeking work in rural and urban informal sector as the ability of agriculture to absorb workers diminishes. A large number of unorganized workers are home based and are engaged in occupations such as bidi rolling, agarbatti making, papad making, tailoring, and embroidery work. 5.2.2 The Unorganized Workers Social Security Act, 2008 was enacted on 31.12.2008, followed by the framing of Unorganized Workers Social Security Rules, 2009. The Act has come into force w.e.f. 16.05.2009. Presently, ten existing schemes provide the social security to unorganized workers as detailed below.

i) Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme, Ministry of Rural Development;

ii) National Family Benefit Scheme, Ministry of Rural Development; iii) Janani Suraksha Yojana, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; iv) Handloom Weavers Comprehensive Welfare Scheme, Ministry of Textiles;

40

v) Handicraft Artisans Comprehensive Welfare Scheme, Ministry of Textiles; vi) Pension to Master Craft Persons, Ministry of Textiles; vii) National Scheme for Welfare of Fishermen and Training and Extension,

Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries; viii) Mahatma Gandhi Bunkar Bima Yojana and Aam Admi Bima Yojana,

Department of Financial Services; and ix) Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana, Ministry of Labour and Employment.

5.3 Minimum Wages Enforcement (Including Farm Labour):

5.3.1 In a labour surplus economy like India, fixation and enforcement of minimum wage can save labourers, particularly unorganized rural labourers, from exploitation. Minimum Wages Act, 1948 empowers both the Central and the State Governments to fix, review, revise and enforce minimum rates of wages in the scheduled employment falling under their respective jurisdictions. For effective implementation of the provision of the act, there is enforcement machinery at the State Level as w

twenty point programme-2006 annual...

Documents