twentieth century house forms and materials. bungalows 1890-1940 bungalow has its roots in stick...
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Twentieth Century House Forms and Materials
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Bungalows 1890-1940
Bungalow has its roots in Stick Style, particularly as expressed in the Craftsman movement as popularized by Gustav Stuckey in his magazine, The Craftsman. It was inspired by Charles and Henry Greene, who practiced in Pasadena, California between 1893 and 1913. Their bungalows began about 1903. These houses are contemporaneous with Prairie Style buildings and were popularized through style books and magazines as were the Prairie and Colonial Revival buildings. It has enormous variety of forms and finishes. Bungalow houses continue to be built up to World War II, but are rare from the rebuilding after that War.
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Often called Arts & Crafts houses; Craftsman bungalow or A & C bungalow
Term “bungalow” derived from words used to describe houses built in India for English colonists by local laborers
Influenced by Arts & Crafts movement in England
Gustav Stickley & William Morris
Originated in California in 1901Charles Sumner Greene & Henry Mather Greene
Period of Popularity: 1905 - 1930
Blended elements of Arts & Crafts, vernacular folk houses, Stick Victorian, Romanesque and Asian architecture and design
Popularized through magazines
Numerous pattern books promoted the style
Utilised by Sears, Aladdin Homes and other mail order kit house companies
Provided affordable single family houses for new suburbs
Helped satisfy high demand for housing post WWI
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Defining Features
Low pitched gabled roof
Wide, unenclosed overhanging eaves
Exposed roof rafters; simple decorative beams and braces
Full or partial width one story porches
Square or tapered square columns as porch supports
Solid masonry piers supporting columns; or solid porch balustrade
Gabled dormers
Wall cladding is typically wood clapboard or wood shingles with stone, brick, concrete block and stucco used in North & Midwest
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Bungalows, 1890-1940
• Charles and Henry Greene• Diverse origins, American production• Contemporary to Prairie style• Middle class worker housing• Popularized through style books, magazines
(The Craftsman, Ladies’ Home Journal)• Mail order companies (Aladdin, Sears &
Roebuck)
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Bungalows, 1890-1940Characteristics
• 1 or 1 ½ story
• Distinctive roof w/ low pitch and overhanging eaves
• Porches and posts (battered piers)
• Asymmetry
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Sears and Roebuckadvertisement
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Irwin House, Pasadena, Calif.1906 (Greene and Greene)
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Gamble House, Pasadena, Calif.1908, (Greene and Greene)
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Gamble House, Pasadena, Calif.1908, (Greene and Greene)
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Gamble House, Pasadena, Calif.1908, (Greene and Greene)
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Gamble House, Pasadena, Calif.1908, (Greene and Greene)
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Sears, Roebuck & Co.Kit House catalogue
1908 - 1914
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“The Osborne”Sears, Roebuck & Co.
1915-1920
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FOUR Subtypes
Front Gabled Roof ~35%
Full or partial width one story porches under main roof or with separate extended roofs
Typically 1 story; 1½ - 2 story examples exist as well
10% have dormers
Cross Gabled Roof ~25%
Partial width front gabled porch forms cross gable
75% of these are one story
20% have dormers
Side Gabled Roof ~35%
1½ story with centered shed/gable dormers
Porches usually under main roof; often break in slope
Common in NE & Midwest
Hipped Roof <10 %
1 & 2 story examples are equally common
Similar to simple Prairie house
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Four Square
Sears, Roebuck & Co.Kit House catalogue
1908 - 1914
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American Foursquare
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American Foursquare
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American Foursquare
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Lustron Homes and other modular components
1. Lustron House, 411 Bowser Ave., CHESTERTON, Porter County, IN. Originally designed by Roy Burton Blass and Morris H. Backman.
Interior view.
2. Armco-Ferro House, 251 Lake Front Dr. (moved from Century of Progress exhibition in Chicago,IL 1933), BEVERLY SHORES, Porter County, IN. Robert Smith, Jr., Cleveland Ohio (architect). Sponsored by the American Mill Rolling Company and the Ferro Enamel Corporation.
Manufacturer Plate
HABS Drawing of first floor.