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Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved. Tux Calling Linux for next-generation Mobile Telephony LinuxWorld Expo UK October 25-26, 2006 - London Bill Weinberg Senior Analyst & MLI/CGL Manager, OSDL

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Page 1: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Tux CallingLinux for next-generation Mobile Telephony

LinuxWorld Expo UKOctober 25-26, 2006 - London

Bill WeinbergSenior Analyst & MLI/CGL Manager, OSDL

Page 2: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Abstract

There's been a lot of hype in the wireless community around Linux for mobile, but how long will it be until we see phones for the mainstream running on mobile Linux? What benefits does this platform provide and, how can software developers get into the action? Linux-based open-source telephony platforms promise to revolutionize the way voice services are developed and deployed. Standards-based platforms exist to enable inexpensive development of complex solutions. Platforms such as Asterisk, SIPx and openSWITCH will usher in a new era of innovation.

Attendees will gain an understanding of the state-of-the-art in mobile voice platform and application software, for both 2.5G/3G mobile phones and for emerging mobile IP telephony.

Key focus areas will include the availability and maturity of software technologies for power management, telephony, storage, display, and real-time, as well as tools needed for development, deployment and serviceability. Discussion will also touch on intellectual property and regulatory challenges to creating truly open devices, and the competitive landscape facing Linux and open source in mobile/wireless telephony.

Page 3: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Agenda

Market View– Linux Progress in Mobile/Wireless– Drivers for Linux Adoption in Mobile

OEM View– Paths to Deployment– OSDL Mobile Linux Initiative

Developer View– Writing Applications for Linux Phones

Conclusion

Page 4: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Mobile Handset Market – Tremendous Growth

2.6 billion phones expected to be in use worldwide by 2009 (Gartner)

SmartPhone market growing at a rate of 85 percent annually (IDC)

Linux gaining ground in SmartPhones - growing 400% year over year

Page 5: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Three Dozen Linux Phone Models Shipping in 2004-2005 – More to Come in 2006-2007

Samsung

Datang NECe28 e28

MotorolaMotorola

Haier Panasonic

SamsungMotorola Motorola

Page 6: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Trends

Smart Phone segment grew 70% in 2005 (InStat)

25% WiFi-enabled by 2010 (ABI)

WindowsMobile to lead all segments by 2010 (Strategy Analytics)

2010

Page 7: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

ACCESSPalmSource

MS WindowsMobile

SymbianOS Linux BREW

Mobile OS & Platform Map

NTT DoCoMoFujitsuMELCOSharpPanasonic (Intl)

NEC

Panasonic (Japan)

Samsung

LG Electronics

NEC (China)

Motorola

Sanyo

Nokia KDDI

CASIOPantechKyoceraSanyo

ToshibaSony Ericsson

Siemens BenQ

Data from Impress K-tai OS & Platform Research Report 2005 and other sources

Palm

Kyocera

SonyHaier (China)

AudioVoxPantech

Palm

Hitachi

Sharp

Asus

Page 8: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Phone Market Tiers andTrends: 2005-2010

Source – Strategy Analytics

• Strongest Growth• Highest Margins• Robust BOM

• Static %, Unit Growth

• Strong Margins

• Falling Unit Price

• Accruing Features

• Shrinking Segment

• Weak Margins

• No Service Growth

Feature Phones

50%

Smart Phones 6%

Basic Phones

44%

mill

ion

hand

sets

700

2005

Basic Phones

21%

Feature Phones

50%

Smart Phones

29%

1 bi

llion

han

dset

s

2010

Page 9: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Go Mainstream

Cross Digital Divide

With Market

Where Will Linux Grow?

Feature Phones

50%

Smart Phones 6%

Basic Phones

44%

mill

ion

hand

sets

700

2005

Basic Phones

21%

Feature Phones

50%

Smart Phones

29%

1 bi

llion

han

dset

s

2010

30% Smart Phone3 % Feature Phone

Page 10: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Agenda

Market View– Linux Progress in Mobile/Wireless– Drivers for Linux Adoption in Mobile

OEM View– Paths to Deployment– OSDL Mobile Linux Initiative

Developer View– Writing Applications for Linux Phones

Conclusion

Page 11: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Technical Drivers for Mobile Linux Adoption

Unified “Strategic” Product Platform– OEMs can have 3-6 legacy OSes, stacks, tool sets– Platform diverges across products, networks, regions– Need to unify training, support, expertise/headcount– Base platform design developed by CTO office

Surging Software Content– Handset LoC doubling every year– Need OS / platform capable of hosting large/complex loads

Flexibility throughout the stack– Multiple options for Linux platform, CPU support– Choice in graphics, middleware– Freedom to mix legacy apps, commercial and free software

Page 12: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Non-technical Drivers for Mobile Linux Adoption

Reduced deployment costs and vendor lock-in– Royalty-free base platform– Multiple sources for m/w and applications– Help improve margins / lower MSRP in non-subscription

markets

Room to differentiate– Linux brand equity is “friendlier” than Microsoft– Allows Tier I OEMs to brand, skin, “own” platform

Lowers Barriers to Entry into Marketplace– Using SymbianOS incurs high design / licensing costs

Ecosystem Development around Phone “Platforms”– Carriers, Operators, ISVs can add services/applications to

standards-based handsets

Page 13: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Agenda

Market View– Linux Progress in Mobile/Wireless– Drivers for Linux Adoption in Mobile

OEM View– Paths to Deployment– OSDL Mobile Linux Initiative

Developer View– Writing Applications for Linux Phones

Conclusion

Page 14: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

How Are Linux Phones Built Today?

Device Drivers

UtilsLibraries Kernel

Board Support

File Systems Networking Security

Mobile-optimized (Commercial) Embedded Linux

Mobile H/W Platform (MX, OMAP, XScale, etc)

ARM CPUSD Baseband DSPFlashDRAM

Device Drivers

COTS and In-house Enabling Middleware

TelephonyMultimediaGraphics

Browsing Engine

Java

Mail Engine MessagingDesktop

DatabaseDRM PM PolicySync Crypto

WiFi/Bluetooth

Device Drivers

In-house Base ApplicationsDialer PIM Media Player IM/SMS/MMS Utils ConfigGames

Deployment Value-Added

OEM Apps Operator AppsSkins ISVware eCommerce Enterprise

Page 15: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

How Are Linux Phones Built Today?

Device Drivers

UtilsLibraries Kernel

Board Support

File Systems Networking Security

Mobile-optimized (Commercial) Embedded Linux

Mobile H/W Platform (MX, OMAP, XScale, etc)

ARM CPUSD Baseband DSPFlashDRAM

Device Drivers

COTS and In-house Enabling Middleware

TelephonyMultimediaGraphics

Browsing Engine

Java

Mail Engine MessagingDesktop

DatabaseDRM PM PolicySync Crypto

WiFi/Bluetooth

Device Drivers

In-house Base ApplicationsDialer PIM Media Player IM/SMS/MMS Utils ConfigGames

Deployment Value-Added

OEM Apps Operator AppsSkins ISVware eCommerce Enterprise

Page 16: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Getting the Stack “Just Right”

Which stack do you want?Who am I?

Page 17: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Linux Platform / Stack Continuum

Large development and code management

Whole stack, including OS, M/W and Applications

10%Bare hardware and

ROM monitor only

Maximum opportunity to add value – significant engineering required

Application Stack,Management I/F, M/W and Drivers

40%Hardware and OS platform support

Device OEM invests to add value / differentiate

Application Stack,Management I/F60%

OS platform, development tools and middleware

Branding offset by identical functionality; components commoditized

Look & Feel, Management Interface

80%Shrink-wrapped “solution” stack

Minimal differentiationBrand, Manufacturing90-100%Finished product,

off-the-shelf

ChallengesOEM/ODM Value-Add

How CompleteStack Description

Page 18: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

“Complete” Stack

“Solution” Stack

Short Stack

Getting the Stack “Just Right”

Device Drivers

UtilsLibraries Kernel

Board Support

File Systems Networking Security

Mobile-optimized (Commercial) Embedded Linux

Mobile H/W Platform (MX, OMAP, XScale, etc)

ARM CPUSD Baseband DSPFlashDRAM

Device Drivers

COTS and In-house Enabling Middleware

TelephonyMultimediaGraphics

Browsing Engine

Java

Mail Engine MessagingDesktop

DatabaseDRM PM PolicySync Crypto

WiFi/Bluetooth

Device Drivers

In-house Base ApplicationsDialer PIM Media Player IM/SMS/MMS Utils ConfigGames

Deployment Value-Added

OEM Apps Operator AppsSkins ISVware eCommerce Enterprise

Page 19: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Who Delivers Which Stacks Today/Soon?

Shortest

Shorter

Short

Solution

Complete

Category

Other semiconductor vendorsBare hardware and ROM monitor only

FreeScale, Intel/Marvell, TIHardware and OS platform support

MontaVista, Wind River, FSMLabs, Mizi, Trolltech

OS platform, development tools and middleware

PalmSource, Mizi, a la MobileShrink-wrapped “solution” stack

Motorola, NEC, Panasonic, Samsung, Bird, Haier, e28

Finished product, off-the-shelf

SuppliersStack Description

Page 20: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Pre- and Post-Platform Ecosystems

Pre-Platform Post-Platform

Concept Design Development Production Intro Volume Legacy

Sili

con

Pla

tfor

mA

ppls

& M

/WS

ervi

ces

Device OEMs

Semi Vendors

Carriers and Operators

ISVs

Application Developers

Integrators

ISPs / ASPs

Linux Platform / Distro Suppliers

Kernel Developers

Page 21: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Many Approaches, Same Goal?

Gnome Mobile, (GTK+, gstreamer), YAFFS, OpenEZX, others

Phone stack components

Open Source Projects

OSDL, LiPS, CELFConsortiaSpecifying Standard Platform(s)

Motorola, NEC, NTT, Panasonic, Samsung, TI, VodaphoneX FoundationTop-down Reference

Implementation

PalmSource, a la MobileOSVs/ISVsCOTS Stack

MontaVista Mobilinux, Wind RiverOSVsCommercial Base +

Ecosystem Offering

Motorola, NEC, Panasonic, Samsung

Handset Manufacturers

COTS Base +Proprietary Value-add

Page 22: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Agenda

Market View– Linux Progress in Mobile/Wireless– Drivers for Linux Adoption in Mobile

OEM View– Paths to Deployment– OSDL Mobile Linux Initiative

Developer View– Writing Applications for Linux Phones

Conclusion

Page 23: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

OSDL Mobile Linux Initiative

Target 2.5/3G mobile handsets and beyond

Identify / address technical industry reqs

Create & foster OSS implementations

Advocate industry needs to OSS community

Promote mobile Linux/OSS to Carriers

Clarify legal and regulatory issues

Enable pre-platform developer ecosystem*

*Creating/enhancing Linux; enabling aftermarket development & ISVs deferred for 2006

Accelerate Linux adoption in the mobile space:

Page 24: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Middleware

Architecture and MLI Focus for 2006

Linux Kernel

Service Enablers

Telephony Modules

Java VM

Applications and Services

Develo

pm

ent T

oo

ls(T

oo

l ch

ain

s, c

om

pile

rs, d

eb

ug

ge

rs, lib

rarie

s)

MLI Focus area for 2006

I/O - File Systems

Power Management

Security

Performance

MLI 2006 Technical Priorities:

Power Management File Systems Performance Security Development Tools

Page 25: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

MLI Workgroup Membership – October 2006

Page 26: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

MLI Highlights & Achievements

Launched in October 2005 PR Juggernaut

– Dozens of articles, hundreds of citations– Presentations/panels at LinuxWorld, E-Tel, SDForum

Grew from 6 to 16 members in < 1 year– Mix of silicon, OSVs, ISVs, OEMs and carriers

Cooperation with sister initiatives and .org(s)– Harmonization with CGL security, performance– LiPS Forum Announcement, CELF, others– Member OSS activities

Technical Requirements Specification– Performance, Security, File Systems, Tools

Page 27: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Current Activities and Looking Forward

Specifications published by end of year– Performance, Security, File Systems, Tools

Outbound– Presentations/Panels at LWE UK, OSS in Mobile

Membership expansion– Silicon suppliers, handset OEMs, carriers

Moving “out and up”– Tackle additional technical areas– Mesh with / complement work of other .orgs– Go higher in the stack

Page 28: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Agenda

Market View– Linux Progress in Mobile/Wireless– Drivers for Linux Adoption in Mobile

OEM View– Paths to Deployment– OSDL Mobile Linux Initiative

Developer View– Writing Applications for Linux Phones

Conclusion

Page 29: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Towards a Unified Mobile Linux Platform

A Surfeit of Choices

Application “FrameWorks” Today– Java– Trolltech Qt– Mizi PrizmMobile– MontaVista MobiLinux Ecosystem– Panasonic / Matsushita / DoCoMo– Motorola EZX

Joined soon by – Motorola L+J– PalmSource | ACCESS ALP– A La Mobile– . . .

Page 30: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Parameters of Divergence

Java VM (mid-P, J2ME, etc.) Graphics FrameWork (Qt, GTK, Java, other)

– Programming Language (C, C++, Java)

Screen Size Input Paradigm (Handwriting, KB, Methods,

Voice) Power Management (if any) Linux Kernel (2.4 vs. 2.6) Network Particulars (GSM, CDMA)

Page 31: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Developer View

Getting Started - Resources

Commercial – Mobile OEMs– TrollTech Green Phone– MotoDev– PalmSource ALP

Free/Open Source Projects– OpenEZX– Gnome Mobile Project

Page 32: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Mobile Phone Silicon Platforms

Most Linux smart phones powered by ARM – ARM920/926 in shipping devices– ARM11 derivitives in next generation

Three main ARM licenses in Linux business– Texas Instruments – OMAP family– FreeScale Semiconductor MX processors– Marvell (acquired XScale technology from Intel)– Phillips, Samsung, others investing too

Starting Point – Reference H/W– ARM Ltd. core architecture– Semiconductor supplier processor-specific

Page 33: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Mobile Phone Silicon Platforms - Challenges

Evaluation Boards and Reference Hardware– Expensive– Not ubiquitous : short production runs– Reserved mostly for handset OEMs

Processors– Complex : lots of peripherals, dedicated cores– Functionality not brought out on evaluation boards– Linux kernel support

Actual Phones– Easier to come by than evaluation h/w– Next to impossible to target, develop, debug

Page 34: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Mobile CPUs : TI OMAP 2430

Page 35: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Mobile CPUs : Intel XScale PXA255

Page 36: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Mobile CPIs : FreeScale iMX31

Page 37: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Toolkits and Phones

Motorola Java ME SDK (Eclipse)– M.1 — A760/A760i, A768/A768i, A728– M.3 — A1200, A780, A910, E680/E680i, ROKR E2

Trolltech Greenphone SDK– The Greenphone GSM/GPRS platform– Qt on phones from Motorola, Samsung et al

ACCESS Linux SDK– No shipping phones yet announced

– PalmOS emulation capabilities MontaVista CEE and Mobilinux

– Platform on dozens of phones– Matsushita, Motorola, NEC, others

– Mostly 2.4 Linux kernel

Page 38: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

More Toolkits and Phones

a la mobile– New entrant in marketplace– Integrates, validates full s/w stack– Unique h/w support abstraction strategy

Mizi Prizm– Mature tool kit– Shipping in phones from Samsung,

Wind River PCDLE– No shipping phones yet announced– Support for reference h/w from Intel, FreeScale

Page 39: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Open Source Projects of Interest

Maemo : www.maemo.org – Targets Nokia 770 web tablet– Closest to true open mobile device, but a phone

Gnome Mobile : www.gnome.org– Focusing on enhancing GTK and gstreamer

OpenEZX : www.ezx.org– Targets Motorola A780, E680 and E680i phones– Goal to provide a 100% free s/w stack– Limited results : hacked phones not “street legal”

Page 40: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Open Source Building Blocks

File Systems– CramFS– JFFS2– pRAMFS– SQASHFS– YAFFS

Performance & PM– Hi-res timers– Preemptible kernel– DPM– MTA– VST

Linux Kernel– ARM tree– ucLinux– Kernel XIP

Footprint Reduction– ARM Thumb– directfb– ucLibc– Tiny kernel

Page 41: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Agenda

Market View– Linux Progress in Mobile/Wireless– Drivers for Linux Adoption in Mobile

OEM View– Paths to Deployment– OSDL Mobile Linux Initiative

Developer View– Writing Applications for Linux Phones

Conclusion

Page 42: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Linux for Mobile – A SWOT Analysis

Current organic growth may stall Short-term competition from Symbian,

legacy RTOS Short- and long-term competition from

Microsoft Windows Mobile Perceived “fragmentation” limits

ecosystem

Strong option for OEM value-added Partnership between community,

industry Low financial barriers to entry Compete with Java Key platform for 4G rollout Platform for new VoIP/WiFi telephony

ThreatsOpportunities

No standard platform for ISVs, Carriers

– Bottom-up piecemeal approach Only viable for smart phones & top

feature phones (needs robust BOM) Time-to-market

– Perceived difficulties in development, integration– Required technical expertise leaves out Tier II and ODMs

Flexible, technically robust phone platform

–Security, networking, performance Open Source, lower BOM impact Multi-vendor, multi-source Leverages large ecosystem of

embedded, enterprise and vertical apps and m/w

End-to-end OS–Synergy with carrier infrastructure

WeaknessesStrengths

Page 43: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Conclusion - Open (Ended) Questions

How open should phones become? – Support (commercial) applications and services– Allow in-channel customization?– Permit end-user modification?

Does the industry care about “single core” phones?

How will ubiquitous WiFi and VoIP change the mobile marketplace?

– Impact on carriers and operators– De-regulation of existing markets

Page 44: Tux Calling

Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.

Q & A : Contact

Contact:– [email protected]

Slides– http://www.linuxpundit.com