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Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Tux CallingLinux for next-generation Mobile Telephony
LinuxWorld Expo UKOctober 25-26, 2006 - London
Bill WeinbergSenior Analyst & MLI/CGL Manager, OSDL
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Abstract
There's been a lot of hype in the wireless community around Linux for mobile, but how long will it be until we see phones for the mainstream running on mobile Linux? What benefits does this platform provide and, how can software developers get into the action? Linux-based open-source telephony platforms promise to revolutionize the way voice services are developed and deployed. Standards-based platforms exist to enable inexpensive development of complex solutions. Platforms such as Asterisk, SIPx and openSWITCH will usher in a new era of innovation.
Attendees will gain an understanding of the state-of-the-art in mobile voice platform and application software, for both 2.5G/3G mobile phones and for emerging mobile IP telephony.
Key focus areas will include the availability and maturity of software technologies for power management, telephony, storage, display, and real-time, as well as tools needed for development, deployment and serviceability. Discussion will also touch on intellectual property and regulatory challenges to creating truly open devices, and the competitive landscape facing Linux and open source in mobile/wireless telephony.
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Agenda
Market View– Linux Progress in Mobile/Wireless– Drivers for Linux Adoption in Mobile
OEM View– Paths to Deployment– OSDL Mobile Linux Initiative
Developer View– Writing Applications for Linux Phones
Conclusion
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Mobile Handset Market – Tremendous Growth
2.6 billion phones expected to be in use worldwide by 2009 (Gartner)
SmartPhone market growing at a rate of 85 percent annually (IDC)
Linux gaining ground in SmartPhones - growing 400% year over year
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Three Dozen Linux Phone Models Shipping in 2004-2005 – More to Come in 2006-2007
Samsung
Datang NECe28 e28
MotorolaMotorola
Haier Panasonic
SamsungMotorola Motorola
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Trends
Smart Phone segment grew 70% in 2005 (InStat)
25% WiFi-enabled by 2010 (ABI)
WindowsMobile to lead all segments by 2010 (Strategy Analytics)
2010
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
ACCESSPalmSource
MS WindowsMobile
SymbianOS Linux BREW
Mobile OS & Platform Map
NTT DoCoMoFujitsuMELCOSharpPanasonic (Intl)
NEC
Panasonic (Japan)
Samsung
LG Electronics
NEC (China)
Motorola
Sanyo
Nokia KDDI
CASIOPantechKyoceraSanyo
ToshibaSony Ericsson
Siemens BenQ
Data from Impress K-tai OS & Platform Research Report 2005 and other sources
Palm
Kyocera
SonyHaier (China)
AudioVoxPantech
Palm
Hitachi
Sharp
Asus
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Phone Market Tiers andTrends: 2005-2010
Source – Strategy Analytics
• Strongest Growth• Highest Margins• Robust BOM
• Static %, Unit Growth
• Strong Margins
• Falling Unit Price
• Accruing Features
• Shrinking Segment
• Weak Margins
• No Service Growth
Feature Phones
50%
Smart Phones 6%
Basic Phones
44%
mill
ion
hand
sets
700
2005
Basic Phones
21%
Feature Phones
50%
Smart Phones
29%
1 bi
llion
han
dset
s
2010
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Go Mainstream
Cross Digital Divide
With Market
Where Will Linux Grow?
Feature Phones
50%
Smart Phones 6%
Basic Phones
44%
mill
ion
hand
sets
700
2005
Basic Phones
21%
Feature Phones
50%
Smart Phones
29%
1 bi
llion
han
dset
s
2010
30% Smart Phone3 % Feature Phone
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Agenda
Market View– Linux Progress in Mobile/Wireless– Drivers for Linux Adoption in Mobile
OEM View– Paths to Deployment– OSDL Mobile Linux Initiative
Developer View– Writing Applications for Linux Phones
Conclusion
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Technical Drivers for Mobile Linux Adoption
Unified “Strategic” Product Platform– OEMs can have 3-6 legacy OSes, stacks, tool sets– Platform diverges across products, networks, regions– Need to unify training, support, expertise/headcount– Base platform design developed by CTO office
Surging Software Content– Handset LoC doubling every year– Need OS / platform capable of hosting large/complex loads
Flexibility throughout the stack– Multiple options for Linux platform, CPU support– Choice in graphics, middleware– Freedom to mix legacy apps, commercial and free software
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Non-technical Drivers for Mobile Linux Adoption
Reduced deployment costs and vendor lock-in– Royalty-free base platform– Multiple sources for m/w and applications– Help improve margins / lower MSRP in non-subscription
markets
Room to differentiate– Linux brand equity is “friendlier” than Microsoft– Allows Tier I OEMs to brand, skin, “own” platform
Lowers Barriers to Entry into Marketplace– Using SymbianOS incurs high design / licensing costs
Ecosystem Development around Phone “Platforms”– Carriers, Operators, ISVs can add services/applications to
standards-based handsets
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Agenda
Market View– Linux Progress in Mobile/Wireless– Drivers for Linux Adoption in Mobile
OEM View– Paths to Deployment– OSDL Mobile Linux Initiative
Developer View– Writing Applications for Linux Phones
Conclusion
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
How Are Linux Phones Built Today?
Device Drivers
UtilsLibraries Kernel
Board Support
File Systems Networking Security
Mobile-optimized (Commercial) Embedded Linux
Mobile H/W Platform (MX, OMAP, XScale, etc)
ARM CPUSD Baseband DSPFlashDRAM
Device Drivers
COTS and In-house Enabling Middleware
TelephonyMultimediaGraphics
Browsing Engine
Java
Mail Engine MessagingDesktop
DatabaseDRM PM PolicySync Crypto
WiFi/Bluetooth
Device Drivers
In-house Base ApplicationsDialer PIM Media Player IM/SMS/MMS Utils ConfigGames
Deployment Value-Added
OEM Apps Operator AppsSkins ISVware eCommerce Enterprise
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
How Are Linux Phones Built Today?
Device Drivers
UtilsLibraries Kernel
Board Support
File Systems Networking Security
Mobile-optimized (Commercial) Embedded Linux
Mobile H/W Platform (MX, OMAP, XScale, etc)
ARM CPUSD Baseband DSPFlashDRAM
Device Drivers
COTS and In-house Enabling Middleware
TelephonyMultimediaGraphics
Browsing Engine
Java
Mail Engine MessagingDesktop
DatabaseDRM PM PolicySync Crypto
WiFi/Bluetooth
Device Drivers
In-house Base ApplicationsDialer PIM Media Player IM/SMS/MMS Utils ConfigGames
Deployment Value-Added
OEM Apps Operator AppsSkins ISVware eCommerce Enterprise
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Getting the Stack “Just Right”
Which stack do you want?Who am I?
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Linux Platform / Stack Continuum
Large development and code management
Whole stack, including OS, M/W and Applications
10%Bare hardware and
ROM monitor only
Maximum opportunity to add value – significant engineering required
Application Stack,Management I/F, M/W and Drivers
40%Hardware and OS platform support
Device OEM invests to add value / differentiate
Application Stack,Management I/F60%
OS platform, development tools and middleware
Branding offset by identical functionality; components commoditized
Look & Feel, Management Interface
80%Shrink-wrapped “solution” stack
Minimal differentiationBrand, Manufacturing90-100%Finished product,
off-the-shelf
ChallengesOEM/ODM Value-Add
How CompleteStack Description
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
“Complete” Stack
“Solution” Stack
Short Stack
Getting the Stack “Just Right”
Device Drivers
UtilsLibraries Kernel
Board Support
File Systems Networking Security
Mobile-optimized (Commercial) Embedded Linux
Mobile H/W Platform (MX, OMAP, XScale, etc)
ARM CPUSD Baseband DSPFlashDRAM
Device Drivers
COTS and In-house Enabling Middleware
TelephonyMultimediaGraphics
Browsing Engine
Java
Mail Engine MessagingDesktop
DatabaseDRM PM PolicySync Crypto
WiFi/Bluetooth
Device Drivers
In-house Base ApplicationsDialer PIM Media Player IM/SMS/MMS Utils ConfigGames
Deployment Value-Added
OEM Apps Operator AppsSkins ISVware eCommerce Enterprise
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Who Delivers Which Stacks Today/Soon?
Shortest
Shorter
Short
Solution
Complete
Category
Other semiconductor vendorsBare hardware and ROM monitor only
FreeScale, Intel/Marvell, TIHardware and OS platform support
MontaVista, Wind River, FSMLabs, Mizi, Trolltech
OS platform, development tools and middleware
PalmSource, Mizi, a la MobileShrink-wrapped “solution” stack
Motorola, NEC, Panasonic, Samsung, Bird, Haier, e28
Finished product, off-the-shelf
SuppliersStack Description
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Pre- and Post-Platform Ecosystems
Pre-Platform Post-Platform
Concept Design Development Production Intro Volume Legacy
Sili
con
Pla
tfor
mA
ppls
& M
/WS
ervi
ces
Device OEMs
Semi Vendors
Carriers and Operators
ISVs
Application Developers
Integrators
ISPs / ASPs
Linux Platform / Distro Suppliers
Kernel Developers
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Many Approaches, Same Goal?
Gnome Mobile, (GTK+, gstreamer), YAFFS, OpenEZX, others
Phone stack components
Open Source Projects
OSDL, LiPS, CELFConsortiaSpecifying Standard Platform(s)
Motorola, NEC, NTT, Panasonic, Samsung, TI, VodaphoneX FoundationTop-down Reference
Implementation
PalmSource, a la MobileOSVs/ISVsCOTS Stack
MontaVista Mobilinux, Wind RiverOSVsCommercial Base +
Ecosystem Offering
Motorola, NEC, Panasonic, Samsung
Handset Manufacturers
COTS Base +Proprietary Value-add
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Agenda
Market View– Linux Progress in Mobile/Wireless– Drivers for Linux Adoption in Mobile
OEM View– Paths to Deployment– OSDL Mobile Linux Initiative
Developer View– Writing Applications for Linux Phones
Conclusion
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
OSDL Mobile Linux Initiative
Target 2.5/3G mobile handsets and beyond
Identify / address technical industry reqs
Create & foster OSS implementations
Advocate industry needs to OSS community
Promote mobile Linux/OSS to Carriers
Clarify legal and regulatory issues
Enable pre-platform developer ecosystem*
*Creating/enhancing Linux; enabling aftermarket development & ISVs deferred for 2006
Accelerate Linux adoption in the mobile space:
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Middleware
Architecture and MLI Focus for 2006
Linux Kernel
Service Enablers
Telephony Modules
Java VM
Applications and Services
Develo
pm
ent T
oo
ls(T
oo
l ch
ain
s, c
om
pile
rs, d
eb
ug
ge
rs, lib
rarie
s)
MLI Focus area for 2006
I/O - File Systems
Power Management
Security
Performance
MLI 2006 Technical Priorities:
Power Management File Systems Performance Security Development Tools
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
MLI Workgroup Membership – October 2006
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
MLI Highlights & Achievements
Launched in October 2005 PR Juggernaut
– Dozens of articles, hundreds of citations– Presentations/panels at LinuxWorld, E-Tel, SDForum
Grew from 6 to 16 members in < 1 year– Mix of silicon, OSVs, ISVs, OEMs and carriers
Cooperation with sister initiatives and .org(s)– Harmonization with CGL security, performance– LiPS Forum Announcement, CELF, others– Member OSS activities
Technical Requirements Specification– Performance, Security, File Systems, Tools
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Current Activities and Looking Forward
Specifications published by end of year– Performance, Security, File Systems, Tools
Outbound– Presentations/Panels at LWE UK, OSS in Mobile
Membership expansion– Silicon suppliers, handset OEMs, carriers
Moving “out and up”– Tackle additional technical areas– Mesh with / complement work of other .orgs– Go higher in the stack
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Agenda
Market View– Linux Progress in Mobile/Wireless– Drivers for Linux Adoption in Mobile
OEM View– Paths to Deployment– OSDL Mobile Linux Initiative
Developer View– Writing Applications for Linux Phones
Conclusion
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Towards a Unified Mobile Linux Platform
A Surfeit of Choices
Application “FrameWorks” Today– Java– Trolltech Qt– Mizi PrizmMobile– MontaVista MobiLinux Ecosystem– Panasonic / Matsushita / DoCoMo– Motorola EZX
Joined soon by – Motorola L+J– PalmSource | ACCESS ALP– A La Mobile– . . .
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Parameters of Divergence
Java VM (mid-P, J2ME, etc.) Graphics FrameWork (Qt, GTK, Java, other)
– Programming Language (C, C++, Java)
Screen Size Input Paradigm (Handwriting, KB, Methods,
Voice) Power Management (if any) Linux Kernel (2.4 vs. 2.6) Network Particulars (GSM, CDMA)
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Developer View
Getting Started - Resources
Commercial – Mobile OEMs– TrollTech Green Phone– MotoDev– PalmSource ALP
Free/Open Source Projects– OpenEZX– Gnome Mobile Project
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Mobile Phone Silicon Platforms
Most Linux smart phones powered by ARM – ARM920/926 in shipping devices– ARM11 derivitives in next generation
Three main ARM licenses in Linux business– Texas Instruments – OMAP family– FreeScale Semiconductor MX processors– Marvell (acquired XScale technology from Intel)– Phillips, Samsung, others investing too
Starting Point – Reference H/W– ARM Ltd. core architecture– Semiconductor supplier processor-specific
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Mobile Phone Silicon Platforms - Challenges
Evaluation Boards and Reference Hardware– Expensive– Not ubiquitous : short production runs– Reserved mostly for handset OEMs
Processors– Complex : lots of peripherals, dedicated cores– Functionality not brought out on evaluation boards– Linux kernel support
Actual Phones– Easier to come by than evaluation h/w– Next to impossible to target, develop, debug
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Mobile CPUs : TI OMAP 2430
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Mobile CPUs : Intel XScale PXA255
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Mobile CPIs : FreeScale iMX31
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Toolkits and Phones
Motorola Java ME SDK (Eclipse)– M.1 — A760/A760i, A768/A768i, A728– M.3 — A1200, A780, A910, E680/E680i, ROKR E2
Trolltech Greenphone SDK– The Greenphone GSM/GPRS platform– Qt on phones from Motorola, Samsung et al
ACCESS Linux SDK– No shipping phones yet announced
– PalmOS emulation capabilities MontaVista CEE and Mobilinux
– Platform on dozens of phones– Matsushita, Motorola, NEC, others
– Mostly 2.4 Linux kernel
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
More Toolkits and Phones
a la mobile– New entrant in marketplace– Integrates, validates full s/w stack– Unique h/w support abstraction strategy
Mizi Prizm– Mature tool kit– Shipping in phones from Samsung,
Wind River PCDLE– No shipping phones yet announced– Support for reference h/w from Intel, FreeScale
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Open Source Projects of Interest
Maemo : www.maemo.org – Targets Nokia 770 web tablet– Closest to true open mobile device, but a phone
Gnome Mobile : www.gnome.org– Focusing on enhancing GTK and gstreamer
OpenEZX : www.ezx.org– Targets Motorola A780, E680 and E680i phones– Goal to provide a 100% free s/w stack– Limited results : hacked phones not “street legal”
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Open Source Building Blocks
File Systems– CramFS– JFFS2– pRAMFS– SQASHFS– YAFFS
Performance & PM– Hi-res timers– Preemptible kernel– DPM– MTA– VST
Linux Kernel– ARM tree– ucLinux– Kernel XIP
Footprint Reduction– ARM Thumb– directfb– ucLibc– Tiny kernel
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Agenda
Market View– Linux Progress in Mobile/Wireless– Drivers for Linux Adoption in Mobile
OEM View– Paths to Deployment– OSDL Mobile Linux Initiative
Developer View– Writing Applications for Linux Phones
Conclusion
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Linux for Mobile – A SWOT Analysis
Current organic growth may stall Short-term competition from Symbian,
legacy RTOS Short- and long-term competition from
Microsoft Windows Mobile Perceived “fragmentation” limits
ecosystem
Strong option for OEM value-added Partnership between community,
industry Low financial barriers to entry Compete with Java Key platform for 4G rollout Platform for new VoIP/WiFi telephony
ThreatsOpportunities
No standard platform for ISVs, Carriers
– Bottom-up piecemeal approach Only viable for smart phones & top
feature phones (needs robust BOM) Time-to-market
– Perceived difficulties in development, integration– Required technical expertise leaves out Tier II and ODMs
Flexible, technically robust phone platform
–Security, networking, performance Open Source, lower BOM impact Multi-vendor, multi-source Leverages large ecosystem of
embedded, enterprise and vertical apps and m/w
End-to-end OS–Synergy with carrier infrastructure
WeaknessesStrengths
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Conclusion - Open (Ended) Questions
How open should phones become? – Support (commercial) applications and services– Allow in-channel customization?– Permit end-user modification?
Does the industry care about “single core” phones?
How will ubiquitous WiFi and VoIP change the mobile marketplace?
– Impact on carriers and operators– De-regulation of existing markets
Copyright 2006 OSDL, All rights reserved.
Q & A : Contact
Contact:– [email protected]
Slides– http://www.linuxpundit.com