tutorial 4-edu3107- behavioral & person centered

8/13/2019 Tutorial 4-Edu3107- Behavioral & Person Centered

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Behavioural Theoryvs

Person Centred TheoryNoor Aisyah binti Abdullah &

Norraihan binti Mohamad Shah


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PROPONENT

Behavioural Person-Centred

B.F Skinner Carl Rogers


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VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE


Have certain capabilities to shape

the environment.

Have the freedom to control.

Models are not mechanistic and

deterministic nature.

Have the ability to improve lives.

Can reach certain value of life with

self-direction.

Human nature is basically good or

positive.

Have the ability to develop.

Able to gain insight.

Require communication and interaction

with others.

Depend on the perception of the self

and the environment.


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VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE


Have dignity and self-esteem.

Have the power to determine the

course of life.

An individual can get self-

actualization.

Can develop positively andconstructively if there is the feeling of

trust and respect.


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CONCEPT


Reinforcement

Shaping

Generalisation

Discrimination

Extinction

Maintenance

Punishment

Phenomenology:

Individuals act according to his own view

The concept of knowledge:

Subjective: knowledge or information for

our own reference.

Objective: knowledge or information are

well- known and has been confirmed by

others

Interpersonal: output knowledge from the

feeling of empathy.


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CONCEPT


Personality structure:

Organisms: Centre of all experience.

Self: combination of experience and

perception of self-concept.

Personality Development Process:

Individuals tend to develop to

acquire self-actualization.

Psychological Disorders


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CAUSE OF ANXIETY


Behaviour is formed and influenced by

the stimulus.

Reinforcement is conditioned and it

affects the behaviour (Operant

Conditioning).

The history of reinforcement affects

personality,

Punishment = a technique to

control behavior.

Discrimination = reinforcement +

specific stimulus.

Self-concept and experience are

incongruence.

Disorders of the conditions.

Disappointment for self actualization.

Sometimes positive and negative evaluation

are not aligned with the insistence.


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THE AIM OF COUNSELLING


Provide suitable condition and

environment.

Acquire new behaviors. Make a good fit.

Explain things as a behaviourist.

Positive behaviour modification.

Help to learn productive

responses.

Facilitates the client toward:

Realistic self-perception

Greater confidence and self-direction. Sense of positive worth.

Greater maturity, social skill, and

adaptive behaviour.

Better stress coping.

Fully functioning in all aspects of their

lives.


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COUNSELLOR ROLES

BEHAVIORAL THEORY PERSON-CENTERED THEORY

Experts as active teachers have the

knowledge and scientific skills.

Become a model.

Skilled with all or most of the

techniques used.

Do evaluation.

Provide follow-up.

Serve as a facilitator for the

development of the client themselves.

Establish appropriate and comfortable

atmosphere so that the client feels free.

Help clients to not be defensive

towards their behaviour.

Status of counselor and client are equal

and work together.

Counselor does not diagnose client

problems.


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CLIENT ROLES


Client's active role in every phase of

counseling.

Clients give an idea to follow the

instructions to build a counselor for help.

The client will switch from extrinsic

reinforcement on intrinsic reinforcement.

Client responsible strives to make a

difference.

Clients learn self reinforcement.

Clients must come voluntarily.

The client should feel ready to talk when

feel welcome and able to appreciate the

relationship maintained between

counselor and client.

The client will try to find a solution with

the help of the client itself.

Clients are willing to continue to grow in

order to find new goals.


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PROCESSES


Definition of the problem

Development of social history

Goal setting behavior

Behavior change strategy

The client decided that he needed

counseling.

Counselors explain to the client what

happens in counseling.

Counselor will help the client to express

feelings and attitudes.

Counselors will not make judgments but

to accept the feelings expressed by theclient.

Counselors will identify and accept

positive feelings client. At this stage, the

client begins to understand himself and his

personal character.


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PROCESSES


Clients can receive a good self aspects and bad

aspects of the self.

Clients understand the options available and the

counselor will help evaluate and understand these

choices.

Next, the client will gain insight and positive

action was born from within the client.

Clients are better able to make choices and take

action. Clients no longer get defensive, but startingto show acceptance of himself.

Finally, clients have started to make their own

decisions and be ready terminate counseling.


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TECHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES


Planning the environment

Stress management

Immunization stages (Systematic

desensitization) Peringkat Pelalian

Assertive training

Token economy

Modeling

The concept If (jika...) and Then (maka...)

Accept the client as they are, without

conditions, empathy and humor.

Not bound to the role.

Spontaneous.

No defensive.

Be consistent.

Make yourself sharing.


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THANK YOU

tutorial 4-edu3107- behavioral & person centered

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