tutor2help_sample questions for evaluation

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Sample Assignment Contents

1. STATISTICS -------------------------------------------------- 4

2. ECONOMICS -------------------------------------------------- 7

3. FINANCE -------------------------------------------------- 8

4. ACCOUNTS -------------------------------------------------- 9

5. MANAGEMENT -------------------------------------------------- 11

6. ENGLISH -------------------------------------------------- 13

7. SOCIAL STUDY -------------------------------------------------- 15

8. MATHEMATICS -------------------------------------------------- 16

9. CHEMISTRY -------------------------------------------------- 17

10. PHYSICS -------------------------------------------------- 18

11. BIOLOGY -------------------------------------------------- 20

12. COMPUTER SCIENCE -------------------------------------------------- 27


STATISTICS

You need to answer all 4 questions along with sub parts. Make sure descriptive answers are not

copy paste from online resources and full calculations has to be shown in word document.

Hypothesis Testing

Q.1>

The main goal of statistical inference is to draw a conclusion about the characteristic of a

population from sample data. As a result, one of the uses of hypothesis testing is that it involves

testing a claim (some prior or well-known fact) about a characteristic of a population, such as the

population average, with the use of a sample. In other words, with hypothesis testing we can find

out whether or not a sample statistic is ―statistically‖ different from a population parameter.

a) Using your own words, explain the meaning of the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing.

b) Using your own words, explain the meaning of the alternative hypothesis in hypothesis

testing.

Q.2>

When the population standard deviation 𝜎 is known, we compute a Z test statistic for the

population average as follows:

n

XZ

–

Where is the sample mean, 𝜇 is the population mean, and n is the sample size.

a) Using your own words, explain the meaning of the non-rejection region in hypothesis

testing.

b) What does it mean when the test statistic Z equals 0 for a 95% confidence level with Z

critical values of ± 1.96?

c) How do you modify the test statistic equation above when the population standard deviation

is not known?

Q.3>

After a year working as the new manager at a small financial consulting firm, the new

manager wishes to analyze the performance of his staff compared to last year. He focuses on

analyzing ―time spent per customer on the phone‖. The amount of time a financial consultant

spent prior to the new manager‘s arrival at that firm had a population mean of 𝜇 = 70 minutes.

He gathers data by observing 41 phone calls made by several financial consultants and records

the amount of time spent on the phone (in minutes). He enters the data in Excel 2007 and gets the

following descriptive statistics (from Excel menu he clicks on ―Data‖ clicks on ―Data

Analysis‖ selects ―Descriptive Statistics‖ from the list selects the 41 data points and marks

―Summary Statistics‖ and ―Confidence Level for Mean = 95%‖).

X


Descriptive Statistics of "Time

Spent"

Mean 64.32

Standard Error 2.62

Median 61.00

Mode 60.00

Standard Deviation 16.81

Sample Variance 282.47

Kurtosis 0.25

Skewness 0.54

Range 71.00

Minimum 37.00

Maximum 108.00

Sum 2637.00

Count 41

Confidence

Level(95.0%) 5.30

From the output above the new manager notices that the average time spent under him is now

lower, = 64.32 minutes, and that a 95% confidence level gives a margin of error of ± 5.30

minutes. But he does not know what to do with these results from the Excel output. Help the new

manager assess his staff performance under two scenarios:

Scenario 1: New manager is focused on cutting costs.

Scenario 2: New manager is focused on improving customer satisfaction.

a) Under each of the scenarios above, what can you tell him in terms of his staff

performance? Why?

b) What would happen to the confidence interval above if you take a larger sample size of

n=200 calls? Why?

c) Would you conclude that a sample size of n=41 calls is statistically and economically

significant considering that over the course of a year the consultants at this company usually

make a total of 10,000 calls? Why?

Regression Analysis

Q.4>

The manager of a large banking organization would like to develop a model to predict the

total amount of time per day it takes to process all invoices. He collects data from a sample of 30

days and obtains the number of invoices processed per day and their total daily processing time

in hours. He runs a regression model and finds: the estimated intercept b0 = 15, the estimated

slope b1 = 0.5, the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.48 and the 95% confidence interval for the

X


slope to be between 0.2 and 0.8.Thus, the linear regression equation can be written as follows:

XY 5.015ˆ

a) Which variable was used as the dependent variable Y according to the business problem

above?

b) Which variable was used as the independent variable X according to the business

problem above?

c) Using your business knowledge, what can you say about the value of the computed

intercept? Does it make business sense?

d) At a 95% confidence level, is there a linear relationship between X and Y in the business

problem above? Why?

e) Write the null and alternative hypotheses you applied in part (d) above.

f) If X = 0, what is the predicted value of Y? Does the answer make sense considering the

business problem of the manager? Why?

g) If X = 3000, what is the predicted value of Y? Does the answer make sense considering

the business problem of the manager? Why?

h) Do you think the manager collected the correct variable X that influences Y? If yes, then

why? If no, then why not?

i) Is there any other X variable you think the manager should add to improve his model? If

yes, what other X variable would you recommend and why? If no, then why not?

j) If we add another X variable, what would happen to the above regression results, in

general?


ECONOMICS

Q.1>

A Los Angeles firm uses a single input to produce a recreational commodity according to

a production function: Q = 4X1/2, where X is the number of units of input. The commodity sells

for $100 per unit. The input costs $50 per unit.

a) Write down a function that states the firm‘s profit as a function of the amount of input (HINT:

in general Profit = TR – TC)

b)

i) What is the profit-maximizing amount of input? SHOW YOUR WORK

ii) What is the profit-maximizing amount of output?

iii) How much profit does the firm make?

c) Suppose that the firm is taxed $20 per unit of its output and the price of its input is subsidized

by $10.

i) What is its new input level?

ii) What is its new output level?

iii) How much profit does it make now? BE SURE TO SHOW YOUR WORK

Q.2>

Joe Grow, an avid indoor gardener, has found that the number of happy plants, H,

depends on the amount of light, L, and water, W. In fact Joe has found that the production

function for happy plants is given by: H = min {L, 2W}

a) Suppose that Joe is using 1 unit of light, what is the least amount of water he can use and still

produce a happy plant?

b) If Joe wants to produce 4 happy plants, what are the minimum amounts of light and water

required?

c) If light costs $1 per unit, and water costs .50 per unit, what is the lowest cost for Joe to

produce 4 happy plants? SHOW YOUR WORK

Q.3>

Joe‘s sister, Flo Grow, uses an alternative method of gardening. She has found that happy

plants only need fertilizer and talk, where the production function is H = T + 2F. F is the number

of bags of fertilizer and T is the number of hours she talks to her plants.

a) With fertilizer on the horizontal axis and talk on the vertical axis, what is the MRTS?

b) How would you characterize the production function? How does it differ from Joe Grows?

c) If Flo uses no fertilized, how many hours of talk must she devote if she wants one happy

plant?

d) If she does not talk to her plants, how many bags of fertilizer will she need for one happy

plant?

e) If Fertilizer costs $10 per bag, while each hour of talk costs $75 (valued at her opportunity

cost), how many bags of fertilizer and how many hours of talk will Flo use to produce 5 happy

plants? SHOW YOUR WORK.

f) If Fertilizer costs $50 per bag, while each hour of talk costs $25 per hour, how many bags of

fertilizer and how many hours of talk will Flo use to produce 5 happy plants? SHOW YOUR

WORK.


FINANCE

Answer all 3 questions and show your work

Q.1>

Calculate the present value of an asset that has cash flows of 3000 one year from now,

4000 three years from now and 5000 five years from now if the correct annual discount rates are

4% for this year and next year, 5% for years 3 and 4 and 6% for year 5? Show your (total) return

if you hold this asset for three years (assume the discount rates don't change).

Q.2>

Consider two potential assets: Asset 1 pays 10 in a year, 20 in two years and 30 in three

years and Asset 2 pays 30 in a year, 20 in two years and 10 in three years. Calculate the present

value of these assets at a discount rate of 3%. Recalculate the present value at a discount rate of

12%. The present value of asset 2 should be higher in both cases but the percent difference

should be larger at 12% than it is at 3%. Intuitively, why is this difference larger?

Q.3>

i) Consider a Treasury note with a face value (value at maturity) of $1,000. The note

matures in exactly 3 years. The note pays an annual coupon and the coupon rate is 5%. The

market rate of interest for 3 year Treasuries is 4%.

(a) How much is each annual coupon payment?

(b) Write out the cash flows from the bond, discount them at the appropriate rate, and solve for

the price of the bond

(c) Is the bond selling at, above, or below par?

ii) 26 week T-bills in Australia are yielding 5.99%. 26 week Japanese government bills

are yielding 3.00%. The spot (current) exchange rate is 108 yen per dollar. What is the 6-month

forward rate on yen per dollar?


ACCOUNTS

1. Comparison of two costing systems, activity based management The Redwood City plant

of Crimson Components Company makes two types of rotators for automobile engines: R361

and R572. The old cost accounting system at the plant traced support costs to four cost pools:

Cost pool Support costs Cost driver

S1 $1,176,000

Direct labor

cost

S2 $1,120,000 Machine hours

P1 $480,000

P2 $780,000

$3,556,000

Pool S1 included service activity costs related to setups, production scheduling, plant administration,

janitorial services, material handling, and shipping. Pool S2 included activity costs related to machine

maintenance and repair, rent, insurance, power, and utilities. Pools P1 and P2 included supervisors'

wages, idle time, and indirect materials for the two production departments, casting and machining,

respectively.

The old accounting system allocated support costs in pools S1 and S2 to the two production departments

using direct labor cost and machine hours, respectively, as the cost drivers. Then the accumulated support

costs in pools P1 and P2 were applied to the products on the basis of direct labor hours. A separate rate

was determined for each of the two production departments. The direct labor wage rate is $15 per hour in

casting and $18 per hour in machining.

DIRECT LABOR HOURS (DLH)

Department R361 R572 Total

Direct labor

costs

Casting (P1) 60,000 20,000 80,000 $1,200,000

Machining

(P2) 72,000 48,000 120,000 $2,160,000

Total 132,000 68,000 200,000 $3,360,000

MACHINE HOURS (MH)

Department R361 R572 Total

Casting (P1) 30,000 10,000 40,000

Machining

(P2) 72,000 48,000 120,000

Total 102,000 58,000 160,000


Item R361 R572

Sales price per unit $19 $20

Sales and production

units 500,000 400,000

Number of orders 1,000 1,000

Number of setups 2,000 4,000

Materials cost per unit $8 $10

Now the plant has implemented an activity-based costing system. The following table presents the

amounts from the old cost pools that are traced to each of the new activity cost pools:

Activity cost

drivers S1 S2 P1 P2 Total

P1-DLH $120,000 0 120000 0 $240,000

P2-DLH 240,000 0 0 120,000 360,000

Setup hours 816,000 80,000 240,000 540,000 1,676,000

P1-MH 0 260,000 120,000 0 380,000

P2-MH 0 780,000 0 120,000 900,000

Total $1,176,000 $1,120,000 $480,000 $780,000 $3,556,000

Setups for R572 are 50% more complex than those for R361; that is, each R572 setup takes 1.5 times as

long as one R361 setup.

Required

a. Determine the product costs per unit using the old system. Show all intermediate steps for allocations,

including departmental cost driver rates and a breakdown of product costs into each of their components.

b. Determine the product costs per unit using the new system.

c. Explain the intuitive reason that the product costs differ under the two accounting systems

d. What should Crimson Components do to improve the profitability of its Redwood City plant? Include

marketing and product-related changes among your recommendations.

e. Describe how experienced production and sales managers are likely to react to the new product costs.


MANAGEMENT

Answer any one question out of two

Q.1> With a 250 word response; CONTRIBUTE, EXPAND, ASK PROBING - INQUISITIVE

style QUESTIONS AND GIVE NEW INFORMATION to this ongoing discussion. Any ideas or

quotes that you use to support your thoughts MUST include proper citation and references.

MUST BE ORIGINAL WORK - USE EXAMPLES RELATIVE TO USA discussion.

a. I believe the cable companies are stuck with technology. The companies can only offer what

technology allows it to. I often think that if one company rose above the other in customer

service, they may define a competitive advantage. The problem lies in their promotions. The

thrive on the promotions. A new customer is paying about 1/2 what a long term customer does

for the same service. Then, the long term customer threatens to leave and they re-offer

promotional pricing to them on a short-term basis. That keeps the current customers around for

another year before the prices raise again. This continual fluctuation in costs proves two things

to the customer:

1 They make so much profit that promotional deals of 1/2 off still makes a profit

2 The fact that they throw so many promotional deals makes them seem less trustworthy, like

they are always trying to take advantage of you unless you call them on it

This process has given cable companies a bad image.

An able company should work on their image. Create successful pricing and work on Customer

retention through satisfaction priority.

I agree with you Ralph about setting oneself apart with excellent customer service. It's

aggravating to think loyal customers are not being rewarded. But here's what I

learned...periodically, call your cable provider. Ask them if they have any special offers. If they

say, ask to speak to a customer retention specialist. Threaten to go to another provider (att

uverse, direct tv, take your pick). I know that they have deals that they usually can pull out of

their pocket. Then, may a note in your calendar for when that promo is set to expire. About that

time, call up again asking for what promos they are running. This can usually save you at least

$10 a month--at the very least, they seem to regularly offer free box rental, free dvr rental, or free

dvr service for 6 months. Every little bit counts. Sometimes they even have free premium

channels, or at least a lower cost on them.

b. Why is leadership an important element in strategy implementation? Find an example in a

major business periodical of the CEO‘s key role in strategy implementation and explain

Q.2> After you select a target market and determine your product, price, and distribution

strategy, it‘s necessary to communicate to your target customers that you have a business,

service, or product from which they will benefit. This section of the project focuses on how you

will design and implement an integrated marketing communication campaign that will reach

your target market.


Discuss the key themes of your campaign and link them to how your business, service, or

product will satisfy your target market needs. Describe each element of the promotional mix in

detail and explain how you will integrate the different elements of your promotional mix toward

the target market using the key themes.

Your integrated marketing communication campaign is also the most expensive portion of a

marketing plan, so part of your assignment is to include a project budget for your integrated

marketing communication campaign. Your budget is capped at $125,000 and should cover all

aspects of the integrated marketing communication strategy, including purchasing of media time

or space and creation of advertisements. Rough estimates are acceptable, but you should get

advertising rates from the different media choices you make.

Support your work with examples, references. (3 pages)


ENGLISH

Please note that the reference mentioned below should be searched by the tutor only. If for any

reason tutor didn’t find it then he/she must complete the task using any other references. We

won’t be providing the reference separately. No Plagiarism and should follow guidelines word

by word.

SUBDOMAIN 106.1 - REASONING & PROBLEM SOLVING

Competency 106.1.5: Reaching Well-Founded Conclusions- The graduate logically

brings together information to arrive at a viable solution to a problem, and then clearly and accurately communicates the results.

Introduction: “One of the fundamentals of critical thinking is the ability to assess one’s own reasoning. To

be good at assessment requires that we consistently take apart our thinking and examine

the parts with respect to standards of quality. We do this using criteria based on clarity,

accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, breadth, logicalness, and significance” (Paul & Elder,

2006, p. 87). In this task you will use the elements and standards of critical thinking to reflect on the

process you went through to arrive at the solution that best addressed the question you

researched in Task 1. Task: Write an essay (suggested length of 5–7 pages)in which you use the elements and

standards of critical thinking to evaluate the thinking process you used to reach a well-

reasoned solution to the question you researched in prior tasks. A. Discuss how your thinking evolved as you worked through assumptions related to the

question. 1. Explain the assumptions you were making at the beginning of this process.

• Discuss whether or not you think your assumptions were valid. 2. Explain the assumptions you think you are making now.

• Discuss whether or not you think your assumptions are now valid.

B. Discuss your thinking processes related to point of view by doing the following: 1. Explain what your point of view was in the beginning of this process when you

selected your problem topic. 2. Discuss whether or not your point of view has changed.

• If your point of view has changed, explain how it has changed. • If your point of view has not changed, explain why it hasn’t changed.

C. Discuss your thought process in developing a solution to the question. 1. Evaluate your preparation in formulating a reasoned solution.

• Have you done sufficient reading on the topic?


• What kind of information might you still need? 2. Evaluate the reasoning that led to your final solution.

D. Discuss how your solution did or did not change as you gathered more information

throughout the process. E. If you choose to use outside sources, include all in-text citations and references in APA

format. Note: Please save word-processing documents as *.rtf (Rich Text Format) files. Note: When bulleted points are present in the task prompt, the level of detail or support

called for in the rubric refers to those bulleted points.

Note: For definitions of terms commonly used in the rubric, see the Rubric Terms web link

included in the Evaluation Procedures section. Note: When using outside sources to support ideas and elements in a paper or project, the

submission MUST include APA formatted in-text citations with a corresponding reference list

for any direct quotes or paraphrasing. It is not necessary to list sources that were consulted

if they have not been quoted or paraphrased in the text of the paper or project. Note: No more than a combined total of 30% of a submission can be directly quoted or

closely paraphrased from outside sources, even if cited correctly. For tips on using APA

style, please refer to the APA Handout web link included in the APA Guidelines section. Reference List: Note: This reference list refers only to direct citations in the task above and may be

different from those you need to complete the task. Consult your Course of Study for a list

of suggested learning resources. Paul, R. & Elder, L. (2006).Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your learning and

your life (2nd ed.).Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.


SOCIAL STUDY

No Plagiarism please. Write in your own words using references from online resources (if

available) but provide in text citation & bibliography and take care about formatting the paper

in APA style

Question Description: Value of Diversity in the Workplace Paper.

From personal experience, select a workplace discrimination or harassment issue in the work

environment that may have been more successfully resolved by the presence of a diverse

workforce. This paper should be an APA formatted and referenced 1,050 to 1,400 words. Your

paper should include the following:

Include a thorough description of the issue. Be sure to describe the ramifications of the issue on

the organization. (25% of the paper)

Do not simply state that a diverse workforce would have been beneficial in the selected issue.

Provide specific details regarding how diversity training would have prevented the situation or

would have facilitated a more successful resolution to the challenge. Justify your answer and use

academic references. (75% of the paper)

REQUIREMENTS FROM PURCHASER____ I'm in the military (Air Force) so that's my job.

Also, I'm a black female. Please take this into consideration while writing this paper. I need it in

US-English with APA format. Please use references and cite them.


MATHEMATICS

Answer all 3 questions

Q.1>

Evaluate the exponential equation for three positive values of x, three negative values of

x, and at x=0. Transform the second expression into the equivalent logarithmic equation; and

evaluate the logarithmic equation for three values of x that are greater than 1, three values of x

that are between 0 and 1, and at x=1. Show your work. Use the resulting ordered pairs to plot the

graph of each function.

Each step of work to show and have the graph completed and attached in a word document.

Y= 5 x⁻² x= 5 y⁻²

Q.2>

Solve the problem below –

The loudness L of a sound measured in decibels (dB) is given by the formula: L = 10 · logIover

I0, where I represents the intensity of the sound measured in watts per square meter (W/m²), and

I0= 10-12

W/m².

What is the intensity of a noise (inW/m²) whose loudness is measured at 53 dB?

Q.3>

Evaluate the exponential function for three positive values of x, three negative values of

x, and at x=0. Show your work. Use the resulting ordered pairs to plot the graph. State the

domain and the range of the function. Attach graph as listed and required.

f(x) = e-x

– 1


CHEMISTRY

Answer any 5 out of 7 questions below

1) A serial dilution is performed and the final concentration of the sample is 0.125 mg/dL,

with a dilution factor of 1:1600. What is the original concentration?

2) A 400 mg/dL solution was diluted 1:20. This diluted solution was then additionally

diluted 1:5. What is the concentration of the final solution?

3) How many grams does 2 L of a 0.75M solution of NaCl (MW = 58.5 g/L) contain?

4) How much of a 0.25M solution can be made from 50mL of a 2M solution?

5) A working solution of glucose contains 15 mg/100 ml. To make this working solution, 1

ml of the stock glucose was added to 299 ml of diluent. What is the concentration (g/L)

of the stock solution

6) How many grams of sulfosalicyclic acid (MW = 254) are required to prepare 1L of a 3%

(w/v) solution?

7) Briefly describe the procedure used in performing serum protein electrophoresis. In your

answer, be sure to address the direction in which the protein fractions migrate (towards

the anode or cathode) and how they are detected.


PHYSICS

Answer any 5 out of 8 questions below

1. Suppose a piece of wood is burned. All the products produced are carefully caught and their

masses are measured. (Ignore any effects suggested by the Special Theory of Relativity.)

a. Describe what would be observed.

b. Name and state (define) in your own words the fundamental conservation principle that

would explain what would happen.

c. Explain what would happen in terms of the fundamental conservation principle. Be

explicit and accurate in describing what changes occur and what is conserved.

2. A ball is thrown straight up. Consider the motion of the ball after it is released and while it is

still moving upward. Also consider the motion at the moment it is at its highest point.

a. Describe the motion of the ball.

b. Analyze the motion of the ball. (Apply the procedure described in your text for

analyzing motion.)

c. List the fundamental principles used in coming to the result of your analysis.

3. Consider the effect of time dilation in the Special Theory of Relativity.

a. State (define) the two postulates of Special Relativity.

b. Describe the thought experiment of a light clock that illustrates how the prediction of

time dilation follows from the postulates.

c. Describe the results from a real experiment that are consistent with the prediction of

time dilation.

4. Consider three spheres of the same size completely submerged in a pan of water. One sphere

is made of lead, another is made of wood and the third is made of water.

a. Compare the weights of the three objects.

b. Compare the buoyant forces on the three objects.

c. Analyze the motion you would expect for the three objects if they were all released.

(Apply the procedure described in your text for analyzing motion.)

d. List the fundamental force laws and fundamental laws of motion used in coming to the

results of your analysis.

5. Suppose a man jumps forward toward a dock from a small boat that is not securely anchored.

What happens to the horizontal motion of both the man and the boat if the boat has less mass

than the man?


b. Name and state (define) the fundamental principle(s) that could explain what is

observed.

c. Explain what happens in terms of the fundamental principle(s).

6. Describe four "self-evident truths" assumed by many scientists. Explain what each mean.


7. A rubber rod is rubbed with fur and placed on a wire rack suspended by a string. A second

rubber rod that has been rubbed with fur is brought nearby. The second rod is then taken away

and a glass rod that has been rubbed with a vinyl sheet is brought nearby. (Note: the rubber rod

acquired extra electrons; the glass rod lost electrons.)


b. Name and state (define) the fundamental principle(s) that could explain what is

observed.

c. Explain what happens in terms of the fundamental principle(s).

8. An object is fired vertically from a snowmobile that is in uniform motion. You observe the

object from the ground. The experiment is performed a second time and you observe the object

from the snowmobile. [The purpose of the question is to test your understanding of an important

symmetry principle.]


b. Name and state (define) the fundamental principle that would help explain what would

happen.

c. Explain what happened in terms of the fundamental principle.


BIOLOGY

Answer any 3 questions each from 4 sections (Total 12 questions needs to be answered)

Practice Problems in Mendelian Genetics

Important Note: Get in the habit right from the first of writing down the work necessary to solve

the problems you do. You will be required to show work on any assignment or exam problem.

I. Problems Involving One Gene

1. In cats, long hair is recessive to short hair. A true-breeding (homozygous) short-haired

male is mated to a long-haired female. What will their kittens look like?

2. Two cats are mated. One of the parent cats is long-haired (recessive allele). The litter

which results contains two short-haired and three long-haired kittens. What does the

second parent look like, and what is its genotype?

3. Mrs. And Mr. Smith both have widow‘s peaks (dominant). Their first child also has a

widow‘s peak, but their second child doesn‘t. Mr. Smith accuses Mrs. Smith of being

unfaithful to him. Is he necessarily justified? Why or why not? Work the genetics

problem predicting the frequencies of the versions of this trait among their prospective

children.

4. Mr. and Mrs. Jones have six children. Three of them have attached earlobes (recessive)

like their father, and the other three have free earlobes like their mother. What are the

genotypes of Mr. and Mrs. Jones and of their numerous offspring?

5. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson both have tightly curled hair. (The hair form gene shows

incomplete dominance. There are two alleles, curly and straight. The heterozygote has

wavy hair.) The Andersons have a child with wavy hair. Mr. Anderson accuses Mrs.

Anderson of being unfaithful to him. Is he necessarily justified? Why or why not?

6. Two wavy haired people (one male and one female) marry and have eight children. Of

these eight, how many would you expect to be curly haired, how many wavy haired and

how many straight haired, assuming that the family follows the expected statistically

predicted pattern? Suppose you examine the actual children and discover that three of the

eight have curly hair. What do you suppose went wrong?

7. Basic body color for horses is influenced by several genes, on of which has several

different alleles. Two of these alleles—the chestnut (dark brown) allele and a diluting

(pale cream) allele (often incorrectly called ‗albino‘)—display incomplete dominance. A

horse heterozygous for these two alleles is a palomino (golden body color with flaxen

mane and tail). Is it possible to produce a herd of pure-breeding palomino horses? Why or


why not? Work the Punnett‘s square for mating a palomino to a palomino and predict the

phenotypic ratio among their offspring.

8. In certain portions of the Jewish population, there is a genetic disease called Tay Sachs

disease, which is fatal to infants within the first five years of life. This disease is caused

by a recessive allele of a single gene. Why does this disease persist, even though it is

invariably fatal long before the afflicted individual reaches reproductive age? (In other

words, why doesn‘t the allele for Tay Sachs disease simply disappear?)

9. About 80% of the human population can taste the chemical phenolthiocarbamide (PTC),

while the other 20% can‘t. This characteristic is governed by a single gene with two

alleles, a tasting allele and a non-tasting allele. What does this statistic tell us about which

allele (tasting or non-tasting) is dominant?

10. In fruit flies, the gene for wing shape has an unusual allele called ‗curly‘ (designated

‗Cy‘). The normal (wild type) allele is designated ‗cy.‘ A fly homozygous for cy (cy cy)

has normal, straight wings. The heterozygote (Cy cy) has wings which curl up on the

ends (and, incidentally, can‘t really fly). The homozygote for the Cy allele (Cy Cy) never

hatches out of the egg. In other words, this allele is lethal in the homozygous condition. If

two curly winged flies are mated, and the female lays 100 eggs, predict the following,

showing appropriate work:

a. How many eggs will produce living offspring?

b. How many straight winged flies do you expect among the living offspring?

c. What percentage of the living offspring do you expect to be curly winged like the

parents?

11. In cattle, there is an allele called dwarf which, in the heterozygote, produces calves with

legs which are shorter than normal. This, again, is a homozygous lethal (the homozygous

dwarf calves spontaneously abort early or a stillborn). If a dwarf bull is mated to 400

dwarf cows, what phenotypic ratio to you expect among the living offspring?

II. Problems Involving Two Genes

1. A man with dark (dominant), curly (see problem I.5.) hair marries a woman with light,

straight hair. Their daughter, who happens to have dark hair, marries a man with light,

wavy hair. Answer the following questions about this dark-haired daughter and her

family.

a. Draw a Punnett‘s square for this marriage, and predict the phenotypic ratio among the

offspring of the daughter and her husband.

b. What is the chance that they will have a child with hair just like his or her father‘s?

2. In cats, again, black color is dominant to a special, temperature-sensitive albino gene

which produces cats with dark legs, faces and tails (Siamese cats, in case you don‘t

recognize it). A short haired (dominant) Siamese colored female is bred to a long-haired

black male. They have eight kittens: 2 black, short-haired; 2 black, long-haired; 2


Siamese, short-haired; and 2 Siamese, long-haired. What were the genotypes of the two

parents?

3. Elizabeth is married to John, and they have four children. Elizabeth has a straight nose

(recessive) and is able to roll her tongue (dominant). John is also able to roll his tongue,

but he has a convex (Roman) nose (dominant). Of their four children, Ellen is just like

her father, and Dan is just like his mother. The other children—Anne, who has a convex

nose, and Peter, who has a straight nose—are unable to roll their tongues. Please answer

the following questions about this family.

a. What are the genotypes of Elizabeth and John?

b. Elizabeth‘s father was a straight-nosed roller, while her mother was a convex-nosed

non-roller. What can you figure out about their genotypes?

c. John‘s father was a straight-nosed roller, while his mother was a convex-nosed roller.

What can you determine about their genotypes?

d. Diagram the three described generations of this family in accepted pedigree form,

including the phenotypes for these two traits.

4. If a pure-breeding (homozygous) black (dominant), long-haired (recessive) cat is mated

to a pure-breeding Siamese, short-haired cat, and one of their male offspring is mated to

one of their female offspring, what is the chance of producing a Siamese colored, short-

haired kitten?

5. In horses, one which runs best in water (or in wet conditions) is called (WATER), and

one which runs best in dry conditions is called (DRY). (WATER) is recessive to (DRY).

A horse can also be either a trotter, which we will designate (GAIT) or a pacer, which we

will designate (PACE). (PACE) is recessive to (GATE). We have mated two horses, a

stallion named Halter-Man and a mare named Erlich-Mane. Halter-Man is a

(WATER)(PACER), while Erlich-mane is a (DRY)(GAIT). One of Erlich-Mane‘s

parents was a (WATER)(PACER). What are the chances of Erlich-Mane and Halter-Man

producing a (WATER)(GAIT) foal (that‘s a baby horse, in case you didn‘t know)?

6. When a male pig from a line of true-breeding (homozygous) black, solid-hooved pigs

was crossed to a female from a breed (homozygous) of red, cloven-hooved pigs, their

several progeny all looked alike with regard to color and hooves. These progeny were all

mated to members of the same breed as their red, cloven-hooved mother pig. The

offspring from this final cross were: 11 black, cloven-hooved; 8 black, solid-hooved; 14

red, cloven-hooved; and 10 red, solid-hooved. For each of these two genes (coat color

and hoof type) determine which allele is the dominant one. Explain your reasoning. What

were the phenotypes of the progeny produced by the first mating in this problem?

7. In garden peas, long stems are dominant to short stems, and yellow seeds are dominant to

green seeds. 100 long/yellow pea plants, all of which had one short/green parent, are

interbred (bred to each other). 1600 progeny result. Please answer the following questions

about these progeny.

a. Assuming that these two genes are unlinked, about how many long/green pea plants

would you expect to find among the offspring?


b. What ratio of yellow to green seed color would you expect among the offspring?

c. What would you expect the overall phenotypic ratio among the 1600 offspring to be

(taking into consideration both traits)?

III. Problems Involving Sex Linkage

1. Plutonian Tickle-bellies have a sex determination system just like mammals. Hairy Snout

is a holandric trait (carried on the Y chromosome). MyxRotcccc, a handsome male

Tickle-belly, has lovely orange hair on his snout. He and his mate, OrgggWny, have six

offspring, three boys and three girls. Please answer the following questions about this

family.

a. How many of MyxRotcccc‘s and OrgggWny‘s offspring have hairy snouts? Can you

predict which ones?

b. Their eldest son, Bob, marries and has a son. What is the chance that Bob‘s son will

also have a hairy snout?

c. JoKchew, MyxRotcccc‘s and OrgggWny‘s youngest daughter, marries a male who

has a smooth, hairless purple snout. She has eight offspring, each one lovelier than

the last, and all boys. What percentage of these offspring do you expect to have hairy

snouts? Explain.

2. In fruit flies (Drosophila), one eye color gene is X-linked, with a recessive white allele

and a dominant red allele. If white-eyed female flies are bred to red-eyed male flies,

describe the expected offspring (assume all parental flies are true-breeding). What results

do you expect if you do the reciprocal cross (reverse the phenotypes of the parent flies)?

3. Earl has normal color vision, while his wife Erma is colorblind. . Colorblindness is an X-

linked trait, and the normal allele is dominant to the colorblindness allele. If they have a

large family, in what ways should the colorblindness trait affect their children?

4. Ethan is colorblind. His wife, Edna, is homozygous for the normal color vision allele. If

they have eight children, how man of them would you expect to be colorblind? Using

Punnett‘s squares, derive and compare the genotypic and phenotypic ratios expected for

the offspring of this marriage and those expected for the offspring of the marriage

described in III.3.

5. Marian‘s father is colorblind, as is her maternal grandfather (her mother‘s father). Marian

herself has normal color vision. Marian and her husband, Martin, who is also colorblind,

have just had their first child, a son they have named Mickey. Please answer the

following questions about this small family.

a. What is the probability that this child will be colorblind?

b. Three sources of the colorblindness allele are mentioned in this family. If Mickey is

colorblind, from which of these three men (Marian‘s grandfather, Marian‘s father, or

Martin) did he inherit the allele?

c. Using proper pedigree format, diagram the available information about the four

generations of this family described, assuming that Mickey is colorblind.

d. If Martin were not colorblind, how would this affect the prediction about Mickey?


6. In cats, there is a coat color gene located on the X chromosome. This gene is a different

gene from the black/Siamese gene discussed in earlier problems. This gene has two

alleles—orange and black. A heterozygous cat has tortoiseshell color (a splotchy mixture

of orange and black). Predict the genotypic and phenotypic frequencies among the

offspring of the following crosses. Pay careful attention to the genders of the offspring.

a. Black female X Orange male

b. Orange female X Black male

c. Tortoiseshell female X Black male

d. Tortoiseshell female X Orange male

IV. Problems Involving Genes With Multiple Alleles

1. In a particular family, one parent has Type A blood, the other has Type B. They have four

children. One has Type A, one has Type B, one has Type AB, and the last has Type O.

What are the genotypes of all six people in this family?

NOTE: The ABO blood type gene has three alleles. IA and I

B are codominant; i (for Type

O) is recessive to both.

2. Refer to problem I.3. Mrs. Smith has blood type A. Mr. Smith has blood type B. Their

first child has blood type AB. Their second child has blood type O. Now is Mr. Smith

justified? What are Mr. and Mrs. Smith‘s genotypes for these two genes?

3. In a recent case in Spokane, Washington, a young woman accused a soldier of being the

father of her child. The soldier, of course, denied it. The soldier‘s lawyer demanded that

blood types be taken to prove the innocence of his client. The following results were

obtained: Alleged father, Type O. Mother, Type A. Child, Type AB. The court found the

soldier guilty on the basis of the woman‘s remarkable memory for dates and details that

apparently eliminated all other possible fathers.

a. What are the possible genotypes for these three people?

b. Do you agree with the court‘s decision? Why or why not?

4. It was suspected that two babies had been exchanged in a hospital. Mr. and Mrs. Jones

received baby #1 and Mr. and Mrs. Simon received baby #2. Blood typing tests on the

parents and the babies showed the following:

Mr. Jones: Type A Mr. Simon: Type AB

Mrs. Jones: Type O Mrs. Simons: Type O

Baby #1: Type A Baby #2 Type O

Were the babies switched? How do you know whether they were or they weren‘t?

5. A man with type O blood marries a woman with Type AB blood. Among their children,

what proportion would you expect to have blood types like one or the other of these

parents? What proportion would have expect to have blood types different from both

parents? Explain.


6. You are a scientist performing the first analysis of the genetic basis for the inheritance of

flower color in a certain species of wildflower. You begin your investigation by

observing that there are four different flower colors in the local wild population: white,

red, blue and purple. Your first assumption (hypothesis) is that you are looking at the

effects of a single gene, so operate under that assumption. You collect a variety of

samples of all colors, take them back to your greenhouse, and begin making crosses.

Remember, you are crossing members of a wild population—you have no idea whether

any of your plants are homozygous or heterozygous. Here are the various results you

observe:

White X White All offspring always produce white flowers.

Red X Red

In some matings, all offspring produce red flowers.

In other matings, some of the offspring produce red flowers, some

white,

with red flowering offspring outnumbering white flowering offspring.

Blue X Blue

In some matings, all offspring produce blue flowers..

In other matings, some of the offspring produce blue flowers, some

white

with blue flowering offspring outnumbering white flowering offspring.

Purple X Purple

Always produces a mixture of red, blue and purple flowering offspring,

with purple most frequent, followed by red and blue in roughly equal

numbers,

White X Red

In some matings, all offspring produce red flowers.

In other matings, some of the offspring produce red flowers, some

white.

Red and white occur in roughly equal numbers..

White X Blue

In some matings, all offspring produce blue flowers.

In other matings, some of the offspring produce blue flowers, some

white.

Blue and white occur in roughly equal numbers..

White X Purple Always produces roughly equal numbers of blue flowering offspring

and red flowering offspring.

Red X Blue Always produces purple offspring, but in some matings also produces

red and/or blue offspring, and/or white offspring

Red X Purple Always produces red and purple offspring, sometimes mixed with blue.

Blue X Purple Always produces blue and purple offspring, sometimes mixed with red.

a. How many alleles are governing flower color in this plant? What color does each

of these alleles produce (in other words, what colors are your homozygous

plants)?

b. Explain the dominance relationships among your alleles, and explain the results of

each of the crosses described above.


NOTE: This problem has a relatively high difficulty level.

7. A woman has a daughter. There are three men whom she claims might have been the

father of the child. The judge in the paternity court orders that all three men, the child,

and the mother have blood tests. The results are: mother, Type A; Daughter, Type O;

Man #1, Type AB; Man #2, Type B; Man #3, Type O. The mother claims that this proves

that Man #3 must be the little girl‘s father.

a. Is the mother correct? Why or why not?

b. The judge isn‘t satisfied, so he asks for the medical records of the people

involved. He discovers that the little girl is colorblind. Men #‘s 1 and 2 are also

colorblind; Man #3 has normal color vision, as does the mother. (NOTE:

Colorblindness is X-linked and recessive.) Assuming that one of these three men

must be the father, can you now determine which of the three it is?

8. Another woman has the same problem. Her blood type is A, her child‘s is B. She again

has three candidates for fatherhood. Their blood types are: Man #1, B; Man #2, AB; Man

#3, O. Based on blood types, the mother says it must have been #1.

a. Do you agree? Why or why not?

b. This child, a son this time, is also colorblind. The only one of the men in question

to share this characteristic is #2. The mother is not colorblind. Can you now

determine who the father of the little boy is, assuming it must be one of these

men? Explain your answer.


COMPUTER SCIENCE

Answer all questions

Q.1>

I have homework for C Language Programming class.

Question (A): Write a C program to Parse the data collected from the AVR-Butterfly's collection

of temperature readings, convert them to Fahrenheit, Celsius, and print them out.

Question(B): Low power applications in embedded systems use a power down mode on a micro

controller and a low frequency oscillator and counter to periodically wake the application up to

see if something needs to be done or to perform task as needed. In the low power mode, the

micro controller‘s clock is turned off because it is generally high frequency and consumes more

power. Also, the micro controller is powered off except for start-up circuitry that is awakened by

a counter connected to a low frequency counter. In this mode of operation, the embedded system

can operate on 10's of microamperes, about the same rate as the self discharge rate of the small

battery running the system. This assignment will delve into developing the software to poperate

the AVR butterfly processors in a very low power mode, waking it up at selected intervals to

make temperature measurements and store the data. The major elements of this project will

include; interfacing a 4MB non -volatile flash memory, working the registers necessary to setup

the low frequency oscillator and a counter, working with registers to set up the low power mode,

connected, sounding a short, low beep from the piezo buzzer at some time interval, and the serial

command interface.

Receivables: we will demonstrate the code for this project in class and submit the design and

print off the code.

Q.2>

What will print out?

main()

{

char *p1=―name‖;

char *p2;

p2=(char*)malloc(20);

memset (p2, 0, 20);

while(*p2++ = *p1++);

printf(―%sn‖,p2);

}


Q.3>

What will be printed as the result of the operation below?

main()

{

int x=20,y=35;

x=y++ + x++;

y= ++y + ++x;

printf(―%d%dn‖,x,y);

}

Q.4>


main()

{

int x=5;

printf(―%d,%d,%dn‖,x,x< <2,x>>2);

}

Q.5>


#define swap(a,b) a=a+b;b=a-b;a=a-b;

void main()

{

int x=5, y=10;

swap (x,y);

printf(―%d %dn‖,x,y);

swap2(x,y);

printf(―%d %dn‖,x,y);

}

int swap2(int a, int b)

{

int temp;

temp=a;

b=a;

a=temp;

return 0;

}

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