tutor l1 brick technology
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Bricks classified according to their use.
Common bricks
Common bricks are an inexpensive type of brick normally used for work
that is unseen and not subject to frost attack
Bricks classified according to their use
Facing brick
The term ‘facing brick’ describes a brick specifically used for its decorative
qualities. Facings are normally more expensive
than common bricks.
Bricks classified according to their use
Engineering bricks
A hard, dense brick with a smooth texture.They have a high load-bearing
capacity and are used when strength, durability and moisture-resisting properties are required.
Engineering bricks are ideal for retaining walls, damp-proof courses, and for the
construction of brick inspection chambers and manholes.
By place of origin: Staffordshire blues, Accrington reds.
By colour: reds, creams, multi-coloured.
By method of manufacture: pressed, wire-cut, handmade.
By surface texture: rustic-faced, sand-faced, glazed.
By use: common, facing, engineering.
By size: usually only the thickness (gauge) changes.
Classifications of bricks
Brick ManufactureClay bricks
Made from clay composed mainly of silica and alumina, with small quantities of lime, iron and manganese.
Calcium silicate bricksMade from sand and lime or crushed flint and lime, moulded under high pressure and hardened by exposure to steam at high pressure. Produced from refractory clay having a high fusing
point and laid in refractory mortar with tight joints.
BS EN 771–1 (2003) for clay bricksBS 4729 (2005) for dimensions of bricks.
Essential features of bricks
• Whilst most bricks are produced to withstand stresses (i.e. load-bearing) they must also have at least one of the following characteristics:• Impervious.• Insulating.• Fire-resistant.• Weather/frost resistance.• Attractive appearance.
Size and parts of a brick.
Brick Terms
Arris: The edges of the brick Bed: The underside of a brick
Header Face: the end surface of the brick
Stretcher face: the side surface of a brick
Brick Terms
Frog: This is the shallow depression in the brick. The depression must not exceed 20% of the gross volume of the brick.
Brick Terms
Brick Terms
Perforated: This is the brick with holes right the way through. The depression must not exceed
20% of the gross volume of the brick.
Brick Terms
Keyed brick: This is a brick designed to give a good key for plaster or render
finishes.
Cut Bricks: Brick Bats
When bricks are cut they become bats.
Cut Bricks: King Closure
Cut Bricks: Bevelled Closure
Special shape bricksBritish Standard 4729 (2005).
Bullnose Brick Special
Double Bullnose Single Bullnose
Bullnose means rounded
Single and Double Bullnose bricks.
Cant BricksCant bricks have a corner missing
Double Cant Single Cant
Single & Double Cant
Single and Double Cant bricks.
Plinth BricksPlinth bricks are chamfered and can be used as a decorative feature or to alter the width of
a wall.
Plinth stretcher External Plinth
Plinth bricks can be used to increase or decrease the width of a wall.
Plinth Bricks
Squint Brick• Used for corners other than 90 degrees
Squint angle is usually 135°
Dog LegUsually used for internal angles
BirdsmouthClean arris with look of an internal straight
joint
Building Calculations
Enumerated Some building materials are measured by the number (counted) such as chimney pots, air
bricks, doors and windows.
LinearOther building materials are measured by the length. Brick-on-edge is measured in a linear
measurement and not area.
Superficial Length and height are multiplied to achieve the
superficial area of the material required. The length of a wall is multiplied by the height to give
the square area of brickwork required.
Cubic MeasurementsCubic measurements are taken when there are
three dimensions.Length, width and height of a foundation would
give the volume of concrete required.
Building Calculations
Regardless of the bond used, the number of bricks will remain the same.
The quantity of facings and common bricks may change if the wall is not faced on both sides.
• Half brick wall = 60 bricks/m².
• One brick thick = 120 bricks/m².
• One and a half brick = 180 bricks/m².
• Two brick thick = 240 bricks/m².
Quantities of bricks
Example 1: A one brick wall built in English bond is 6.00 m long and 1.50 m high. Calculate the number of bricks required.
Answer:
6.00 x 1.50 = 9.00 m²
9.00 m² x 120 = 1,080 bricks required
Example 2:A wall 7.50 m long by 2.10 m high is to be one and a half bricks thick in Flemish bond. Calculate the number of bricks required to build the wall.
Answer:7.50 x 2.10 = 15.75 m²
15.75 m² x 180 = 2,835 bricks required
Example 3:A half brick wall built in Stretcher bond is 8.00 m long x 1.20 m high, with a opening 0.9 x 0.6 m.Calculate the number of bricks required.Answer:
Overall area: 8.00 x 1.20 = 9.6 m²Opening area: 0.9 x 0.6 = 0.54 m²
Wall area with area of opening deducted = 9.6 – 0.54 = 9.06 m²
9.06 m² x 60 = 543.6 bricks = 544 bricks required