Tutankhamun 1

Tutankhamun"King Tut" redirects here. For other uses, see King Tut (disambiguation).

TutankhamunTutankhamen, Tutankhaten, Tutankhamon possibly Nibhurrereya (as referenced in the Amarna letters)

Mask of Tutankhamun's mummy, the popular icon for ancient Egypt at The Egyptian Museum.

Pharaoh

Reign ca. 13321323 BC (18thDynasty)

Predecessor Smenkhkare or Neferneferuaten

Successor Ay (Granduncle & Grandfather-in-law)

Consort Ankhesenamun (Half-sister & Cousin)

Children Two stillborn daughters

Father Akhenaten[1]

Mother "The Younger Lady"

Born ca. 1341 BC

Died ca. 1323 BC (aged ca. 18)

Burial KV62

Tutankhamun (alternatively spelled with Tutenkh-, -amen, -amon) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty(ruled ca. 1332 BC 1323 BC in the conventional chronology), during the period of Egyptian history known as theNew Kingdom. He is popularly referred to as King Tut. His original name, Tutankhaten, means "Living Image ofAten", while Tutankhamun means "Living Image of Amun". In hieroglyphs, the name Tutankhamun was typicallywritten Amen-tut-ankh, because of a scribal custom that placed a divine name at the beginning of a phrase to showappropriate reverence. He is possibly also the Nibhurrereya of the Amarna letters, and likely the 18th dynasty kingRathotis who, according to Manetho, an ancient historian, had reigned for nine yearsa figure that conforms withFlavius Josephus's version of Manetho's Epitome.The 1922 discovery by Howard Carter and George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon[2] of Tutankhamun's nearly intact tomb received worldwide press coverage. It sparked a renewed public interest in ancient Egypt, for which Tutankhamun's burial mask, now in Cairo Museum, remains the popular symbol. Exhibits of artifacts from his tomb

Tutankhamun 2

have toured the world. In February 2010, the results of DNA tests confirmed that he was the son of Akhenaten(mummy KV55) and Akhenaten's sister and wife (mummy KV35YL), whose name is unknown but whose remainsare positively identified as "The Younger Lady" mummy found in KV35.

LifeTutankhamun was the son of Akhenaten (formerly Amenhotep IV) and one of Akhenaten's sisters, or perhaps one ofhis cousins. As a prince he was known as Tutankhaten. He ascended to the throne in 1333 BC, at the age of nine orten, taking the throne name Nebkheperure. His wet-nurse was a woman called Maia, known from her tomb atSaqqara. A teacher was most likely Sennedjem.When he became king, he married his half-sister, Ankhesenpaaten, who later changed her name to Ankhesenamun.They had two daughters, both stillborn. Computed tomography studies released in 2011 revealed that one daughterdied at 56 months of pregnancy and the other at 9 months of pregnancy. No evidence was found in either mummyof congenital anomalies or an apparent cause of death.[3]

Reign

Cartouches of his birth and throne names aredisplayed between rampant Sekhmet lioness

warrior images (perhaps with his head) crushingenemies of several ethnicities, while Nekhbet

flies protectively above.

Given his age, the king probably had very powerful advisers,presumably including General Horemheb and the Vizier Ay.Horemheb records that the king appointed him "lord of the land" ashereditary prince to maintain law. He also noted his ability to calm theyoung king when his temper flared.[4]

Domestic policy

In his third regnal year, Tutankhamun reversed several changes madeduring his father's reign. He ended the worship of the god Aten andrestored the god Amun to supremacy. The ban on the cult of Amunwas lifted and traditional privileges were restored to its priesthood. Thecapital was moved back to Thebes and the city of Akhetatenabandoned.[5] This is when he changed his name to Tutankhamun,"Living image of Amun", reinforcing the restoration of Amun.

As part of his restoration, the king initiated building projects, in particular at Thebes and Karnak, where he dedicateda temple to Amun. Many monuments were erected, and an inscription on his tomb door declares the king had "spenthis life in fashioning the images of the gods". The traditional festivals were now celebrated again, including thoserelated to the Apis Bull, Horemakhet, and Opet. His restoration stela says:

The temples of the gods and goddesses ... were in ruins. Their shrines were deserted and overgrown. Theirsanctuaries were as non-existent and their courts were used as roads ... the gods turned their backs upon thisland ... If anyone made a prayer to a god for advice he would never respond.

Foreign policy

The country was economically weak and in turmoil following the reign of Akhenaten. Diplomatic relations withother kingdoms had been neglected, and Tutankhamun sought to restore them, in particular with the Mitanni.Evidence of his success is suggested by the gifts from various countries found in his tomb. Despite his efforts forimproved relations, battles with Nubians and Asiatics were recorded in his mortuary temple at Thebes. His tombcontained body armor and folding stools appropriate for military campaigns. However, given his youth and physicaldisabilities, which seemed to require the use of a cane in order to walk (he died c. age 19), historians speculate thathe did not personally take part in these battles.[6]

Tutankhamun 3

Health and appearanceSee also: Racial identity of Tutankhamun

Stripped of all its jewels,the mummy of

Tutankhamun remains inthe Valley of the Kings in

his KV62 chamber.

Tutankhamun was slight of build, and was roughly 180cm (5ft 11in) tall.[7] He hadlarge front incisors and the overbite characteristic of the Thutmosid royal line to whichhe belonged. Between September 2007 and October 2009, various mummies weresubjected to detailed anthropological, radiological, and genetic studies as part of the KingTutankhamun Family Project. It was determined that none of the mummies of theTutankhamun lineage has a cephalic index of 75 or less (indicating dolichocephaly), thatTutankhamun actually has a cephalic index of 83.9, indicating brachycephaly, and thatnone of their skull shapes can be considered pathological. The research also showed thatTutankhamun had "a slightly cleft palate" and possibly a mild case of scoliosis, a medicalcondition in which the spine is curved from side to side.

Genealogy

In 2008, a team began DNA research on Tutankhamun and the mummified remains ofother members of his family. The results from the DNA samples finally put to restquestions about Tutankhamun's lineage, proving that his father was Akhenaten, but thathis mother was not one of Akhenaten's known wives. His mother was one of his father'sfive sisters, although it is not known which one. The team was able to establish with aprobability of better than 99.99 percent that Amenhotep III was the father of theindividual in KV55, who was in turn the father of Tutankhamun. The young king'smother was found through the DNA testing of a mummy designated as 'The YoungerLady' (KV35YL), which was found lying beside Queen Tiye in the alcove of KV35. HerDNA proved that, like his father, she was a child of Amenhotep III and Tiye; thus,Tutankhamun's parents were brother and sister. Queen Tiye held much political influenceat court and acted as an adviser to her son after the death of her husband. Somegeneticists dispute these findings, however, and "complain that the team usedinappropriate analysis techniques."

Bust of Tut found in his tomb, 1922.

While the data are still incomplete, the study suggests that one of themummified fetuses found in Tutankhamun's tomb is the daughter ofTutankhamun himself, and the other fetus is probably his child as well.So far, only partial data for the two female mummies from KV21 hasbeen obtained. One of them, KV21A, may well be the infants' motherand thus, Tutankhamun's wife, Ankhesenamun. It is known fromhistory that she was the daughter of Akhenaten and Nefertiti, and thuslikely to be her husband's half-sister. Another consequence ofinbreeding can be children whose genetic defects do not allow them tobe brought to term.

Tutankhamun 4

Wooden bust of the boy king, found in his tomb.

Death

There are no surviving records of Tutankhamun's final days. Whatcaused Tutankhamun's death has been the subject of considerabledebate. Major studies have been conducted in an effort to establish thecause of death.Although there is some speculation that Tutankhamun wasassassinated, the consensus is that his death was accidental. A CT scantaken in 2005 shows that he had suffered a left leg fracture shortlybefore his death, and that the leg had become infected. DNA analysisconducted in 2010 showed the presence of malaria in his system,leading to the belief that malaria and Khler disease II combined led tohis death. On 14 September 2012, ABC News presented a theory aboutTutankhamun's death from lecturer and surgeon Dr. Hutan Ashrafian,who believed that temporal lobe epilepsy caused the fatal fall whichbroke Tutankhamun's leg.

In June 2010, German scientists said they believed there was evidencethat he died of sickle cell disease. However, other experts have rejected the hypothesis of homozygous sickle celldisease based on logics based on survival beyond 5-year age and the location of the osteonecrosis which ischaracteristic of Freiberg-Kohler syndrome rather than sickle-cell disease. Research conducted in 2005 byarchaeologists, radiologists, and geneticists who started performing CT scans on his mummy found that he was notkilled by a blow to the head, as previously thought. New CT images discovered congenital flaws, which are morecommon among the children of incest. Siblings are more likely to pass on twin copies of harmful genes, which iswhy children of incest more commonly manifest genetic defects. It is suspected he also had a partially cleft palate,another congenital defect.

According to the September 2010 issue of National Geographic magazine, Tutankhamun was the result of anincestuous relationship and, because of that, may have suffered from several genetic defects that contributed to hisearly death. For years, scientists have tried to unravel ancient clues as to why the boy king of Egypt, who reigned for10 years, died at the age of 19. Several theories have been put forth; one was that he was killed by a blow to thehead, while another was that his death was caused by a broken leg.Various diseases invoked as possible explanations to his early demise included Marfan syndrome, Wilson-TurnerX-linked mental retardation syndrome, Frhlich syndrome (adiposogenital dystrophy), Klinefelter syndrome,androgen insensitivity syndrome, aromatase excess syndrome in conjunction with sagittal craniosynostosissyndrome, AntleyBixler syndrome or one of its variants and temporal lobe epilepsy.The research team consisted of Egyptian scientists Yehia Gad and Somaia Ismail from the National Research Centrein Cairo. The CT scans were conducted under the direction of Ashraf Selim and Sahar Saleem of the Faculty ofMedicine at Cairo University. Three international experts served as consultants: Carsten Pusch of the Eberhard KarlsUniversity of Tbingen, Germany; Albert Zink of the EURAC-Institute for Mummies and the Iceman in Bolzano,Italy; and Paul Gostner of the Central Hospital Bolzano. STR analysis based DNA fingerprinting analysis combinedwith the other techniques have rejected the hypothesis of gynecomastia and craniosynostoses (e.g., Antley-Bixlersyndrome) or Marfan syndrome, but an accumulation of malformations in Tutankhamun's family was evident.Several pathologies including Khler disease II were diagnosed in Tutankhamun; none alone would have causeddeath. Genetic testing for STEVOR, AMA1, or MSP1 genes specific for Plasmodium falciparum revealedindications of malaria tropica in 4 mummies, including Tutankhamun's.[8] However their exact contribution to thecausality of his death still is highly debated.

Tutankhamun 5

As stated above, the team discovered DNA from several strains of a parasite proving he was infected with the mostsevere strain of malaria several times in his short life. Malaria can trigger circulatory shock or cause a fatal immuneresponse in the body, either of which can lead to death. If Tutankhamun did suffer from a bone disease which wascrippling, it may not have been fatal. "Perhaps he struggled against other [congenital flaws] until a severe bout ofmalaria or a leg broken in an accident added one strain too many to a body that could no longer carry the load,"wrote Zahi Hawass, archeologist and head of Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquity involved in the research.A review of the medical findings to date found that he suffered from mild kyphoscoliosis, pes planus,hypophalangism of the right foot, bone necrosis of second and third metatarsal bones of the left foot, malaria and acomplex fracture of the right knee shortly before death.[9]

Finally in late 2013, Egyptologist Dr. Chris Naunton and scientists from the Cranfield Institute performed a "virtualautopsy" of the boy king, revealing a pattern of injuries down one side of his body. Car-crash investigators thencreated computer simulations of chariot accidents. Dr. Naunton concluded Tutankhamun was killed in a chariotcrash: a chariot smashed into him while he was on his knees, shattering his ribs and pelvis. As well, Dr. Nauntonreferenced Howard Carter's records of the body having been burnt. Working with anthropologist Dr. RobertConnolly and forensic archaeologist Dr. Matthew Ponting, they produced evidence that Tutankhamun's body wasburnt while sealed inside his coffin. Embalming oils combined with oxygen and linen had caused a chemicalreaction, creating temperatures of more than 200C. Dr. Naunton said, "The charring and possibility that a botchedmummification led to the body spontaneously combusting shortly after burial was entirely unexpected."

Aftermath of death

Statue of Tutankhamun and Ankhesenamun atLuxor, hacked at during the damnatio memoriaecampaign against the Amarna line of Thutmoside

pharaohs.

With the death of Tutankhamun and the two stillborn children buriedwith him, the Thutmosid family line came to an end. The Amarnaletters indicate that Tutankhamun's wife, recently widowed, wrote tothe Hittite king Suppiluliuma I, asking if she could marry one of hissons. The letters do not say how Tutankhamun died. In the message tothe Hittite king, Ankhesenamun says that she was very afraid, butwould not take one of her own people as husband. However, the sonwas killed before reaching his new wife. Shortly afterward Ay marriedTutankhamun's widow and became Pharaoh as a war between the twocountries was fought, and Egypt was left defeated.[10] The fate ofAnkhesenamun is not known, but she disappears from record and Ay'ssecond wife Tey became Great Royal Wife. After Ay's death,Horemheb usurped the throne and instigated a campaign of damnatiomemoriae against him. Tutankhamun's father Akhenaten, stepmotherNefertiti, his wife Ankhesenamun, half sisters and other familymembers were also included. Not even Tutankhamun was spared. Hisimages and cartouches were also erased. Horemheb himself, despite apossible marriage to Nefertiti's sister, Mutnedjmet, was left childlessand willed the throne to Paramessu, who founded the Ramessidefamily line of pharaohs.

Tutankhamun 6

Signet ring, with cartouche, for the PharaohTutankhamun:

"Perfect God, Lord of the Two Lands"('Ntr-Nfr,Neb-taui' right to left)

Significance

Tutankhamun receives flowers fromAnkhesenamen.

Tutankhamun was nine years old when he became Pharaoh, son of godRa, and reigned for approximately ten years. "The Egyptian sun godRa, considered the father of all pharaohs, was said to have createdhimself from a pyramid-shaped mound of earth before creating allother gods." (Donald B. Redford, PhD, Penn State)

In historical terms, Tutankhamun's significance stems from the factthat his reign was close to the apogee of Egypt as a world power andfrom his rejection of the radical religious innovations introduced by hispredecessor and father, Akhenaten.[11] Secondly, his tomb in theValley of the Kings was discovered by Carter almost completelyintactthe most complete ancient Egyptian royal tomb ever found. AsTutankhamun began his reign at such an early age, his vizier, andeventual successor Ay, was probably making most of the importantpolitical decisions during Tutankhamun's reign.

Kings were venerated after their deaths through mortuary cults andassociated temples. Tutankhamun was one of the few kings worshipedin this manner during his lifetime.[12] A stela discovered at Karnak and dedicated to Amun-Ra and Tutankhamunindicates that the king could be appealed to in his deified state for forgiveness and to free the petitioner from anailment caused by sin. Temples of his cult were built as far away as in Kawa and Faras in Nubia. The title of thesister of the Viceroy of Kush included a reference to the deified king, indicative of the universality of his cult.[13]

Tutankhamun 7

Tomb

Howard Carter and associates openingthe shrine doors in the burial chamber

(1924 reconstruction of the 1923 event)

Tutankhamun's chest now in the CairoMuseum.

Tutankhamun was buried in a tomb that was small relative to his status. Hisdeath may have occurred unexpectedly, before the completion of a granderroyal tomb, so that his mummy was buried in a tomb intended for someoneelse. This would preserve the observance of the customary seventy daysbetween death and burial.[14]

King Tutankhamun's mummy still rests in his tomb in the Valley of theKings. On 4 November 2007, 85 years to the day after Carter's discovery, the19-year-old pharaoh went on display in his underground tomb at Luxor, whenthe linen-wrapped mummy was removed from its golden sarcophagus to aclimate-controlled glass box. The case was designed to prevent theheightened rate of decomposition caused by the humidity and warmth fromtourists visiting the tomb.

Forgotten

Main article: KV62

Tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of theKings.

Tutankhamun seems to have faded from public consciousness inAncient Egypt within a short time after his death, and remainedvirtually unknown until the 1920s. His tomb was robbed at least twicein antiquity, but based on the items taken (including perishable oils andperfumes) and the evidence of restoration of the tomb after theintrusions, it seems clear that these robberies took place within severalmonths at most of the initial burial. Eventually the location of the tombwas lost because it had come to be buried by stone chips fromsubsequent tombs, either dumped there or washed there by floods. Inthe years that followed, some huts for workers were built over the tombentrance, clearly not knowing what lay beneath. When at the end of the20th Dynasty the Valley of the Kings burials were systematicallydismantled, the burial of Tutankhamun was overlooked, presumably because knowledge of it had been lost and hisname may have been forgotten.

Tutankhamun 8

CurseMain article: Curse of the PharaohsFor many years, rumors of a "Curse of the Pharaohs" (probably fueled by newspapers seeking sales at the time of thediscovery) persisted, emphasizing the early death of some of those who had entered the tomb. However, a recentstudy of journals and death records indicated no statistical difference between the age of death of those who enteredthe tomb and those on the expedition who did not.

In popular cultureSee also: Ancient Egypt in the Western imagination

"King Tut Saloon", Louisiana.

If Tutankhamun is the world's best known pharaoh, it is largelybecause his tomb is among the best preserved, and his image andassociated artifacts the most-exhibited. As Jon Manchip White writes,in his foreword to the 1977 edition of Carter's The Discovery of theTomb of Tutankhamun, "The pharaoh who in life was one of the leastesteemed of Egypt's Pharoahs has become in death the mostrenowned."

The discoveries in the tomb were prominent news in the 1920s.Tutankhamen came to be called by a modern neologism, "King Tut".Ancient Egyptian references became common in popular culture, including Tin Pan Alley songs; the most popular ofthe latter was "Old King Tut" by Harry Von Tilzer from 1923, which was recorded by such prominent artists of thetime as Jones & Hare and Sophie Tucker. "King Tut" became the name of products, businesses, and even the pet dogof U.S. President Herbert Hoover.

The interest in this tomb and its alleged "curse" also led to horror movies featuring a vengeful mummy.

ExhibitionsMain article: Exhibitions of artifacts from the tomb of Tutankhamun

The gilded bier from the base of Tutankhamun'sSarcophagus.

Relics from Tutankhamun's tomb are among the most traveled artifactsin the world. They have been to many countries, but probably thebest-known exhibition tour was The Treasures of Tutankhamun tour,which ran from 1972 to 1979. This exhibition was first shown inLondon at the British Museum from 30 March until 30 September1972. More than 1.6 million visitors saw the exhibition, some queuingfor up to eight hours. It was the most popular exhibition in theMuseum's history.Wikipedia:Citation needed The exhibition moved onto many other countries, including the USA, USSR, Japan, France,Canada, and West Germany. The Metropolitan Museum of Art organized the U.S. exhibition, which ran from 17November 1976 through 15 April 1979. More than eight million attended.

In 2004, the tour of Tutankhamun funerary objects entitled Tutankhamen: The Golden Hereafter, consisting of fiftyartifacts from Tutankhamun's tomb and seventy funerary goods from other 18th Dynasty tombs, began in Basle,Switzerland and went on to Bonn

Tutankhamun 9

A pectoral belonging to Tutankhamun,representing his Prenomen.

Germany on the second leg of the tour. This European tour wasorganised by the Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic ofGermany, the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA), and the EgyptianMuseum in cooperation with the Antikenmuseum Basel and SammlungLudwig. Deutsche Telekom sponsored the Bonn exhibition.

In 2005, Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities, in partnership with Arts and Exhibitions International and theNational Geographic Society, launched a tour of Tutankhamun treasures and other 18th Dynasty funerary objects,this time called Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs. It features the same exhibits as Tutankhamen:The Golden Hereafter in a slightly different format. It was expected to draw more than three million people.The exhibition started in Los Angeles, then moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Chicago and Philadelphia. Theexhibition then moved to London[15] before finally returning to Egypt in August 2008. An encore of the exhibition inthe United States ran at the Dallas Museum of Art from October 2008 to May 2009. The tour continued to other U.S.cities.[16] After Dallas the exhibition moved to the de Young Museum in San Francisco, followed by the DiscoveryTimes Square Exposition in New York City.In 2011 the exhibition visited Australia for the first time, opening at the Melbourne Museum in April for its onlyAustralian stop before Egypt's treasures return to Cairo in December 2011.[17]

The exhibition includes 80 exhibits from the reigns of Tutankhamun's immediate predecessors in the Eighteenthdynasty, such as Hatshepsut, whose trade policies greatly increased the wealth of that dynasty and enabled the lavishwealth of Tutankhamun's burial artifacts, as well as 50 from Tutankhamun's tomb. The exhibition does not includethe gold mask that was a feature of the 19721979 tour, as the Egyptian government has determined that the mask istoo fragile to withstand travel and will never again leave the country.A separate exhibition called Tutankhamun and the World of the Pharaohs began at the Ethnological Museum inVienna from 9 March to 28 September 2008, showing a further 140 treasures.[18] Renamed Tutankhamun: TheGolden King and the Great Pharaohs, this exhibition began a tour of the US and Canada in Atlanta on 15 November2008. It is scheduled to finish in Seattle on 6 January 2013.

Film and television We Want Our Mummy, a 1939 film by The Three Stooges. In it, the slapstick comedy trio explores the tomb of the

midget King Rutentuten (pronounced "rootin'-tootin'") and his Queen, Hotsy Totsy. A decade later, they werecrooked used-chariot salesmen in Mummy's Dummies, in which they ultimately assist a different KingRootentootin (Vernon Dent) with a toothache.

King Tut, played by Victor Buono, was a villain on the Batman TV series which aired from 1966 to 1968.Mild-mannered Egyptologist William Omaha McElroy, after suffering a concussion, came to believe he was thereincarnation of Tutankhamun. His response to this knowledge was to embark upon a crime spree that requiredhim to fight against the "Caped Crusaders", Batman and Robin.

The Discovery Kids animated series Tutenstein stars a fictional mummy based on Tutankhamun, namedTutankhensetamun and nicknamed Tutenstein in his afterlife. He is depicted as a lazy and spoiled 10-year-oldmummy boy who must guard a magical artifact called the Scepter of Was from the evil Egyptian god Set.

Tutankhamun 10

The first episode of the 2005 BBC series Egypt: Rediscovering a Lost World focuses on the life and death ofTutankhamun and the serendipitous discovery of his tomb.

La Reine Soleil (2007 animated film by Philippe Leclerc), features Akhenaten, Tutankhaten (later Tutankhamun),Akhesa (Ankhesenepaten, later Ankhesenamun), Nefertiti, and Horemheb in a complex struggle pitting the priestsof Amun against Akhenaten's intolerant monotheism.

In the US documentary series, King Tut Unwrapped, Moroccan singer-actor, Faissal Oberon Azizi, portrayedTutankhamun.

Other media "King Tut", a whimsical 1978 song by (American comedian) "Steve Martin and the Toot Uncommons" (a backup

group consisting of members of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band). The 1981 arcade game Tutankham revolves around King Tutankhamun. 1989 television networks often advertised commercials for King Tuts dog food, complete with Anubis-styled

canine animation and music to the tune of "Camel Caravan." The can label was also adorned with themedhieroglyphs.

The mummy of Tutankhamun is depicted as a villain in Raj Comics's Nagraj, a Hindi superhero comicbook. Inthis series, his mask is the source of his power.

For "Transformers" the Decepticon character Frenzy repeats the name, "Tutankhamun." The video game Sphinx and the Cursed Mummy features a fictional representation of Prince Tutankhamun.

Tutankhamun is the victim of an unnamed magical ritual which results in almost instantaneous mummificationand extraction of what appears to be his "life force". In the instruction manual, the Mummy is described as young,inexperienced and naive.

The novel Tutankhamun (2008) by novelist Nick Drake [not the musician] takes place during the reign ofTutankhamun and gives a possible explanation for his injury and death (and the aftermath) set amid a murdermystery.

The novel The Lost Queen of Egypt (1937) by novelist Lucile Morrison is about Ankhsenpaaten / Ankhesenamun,the wife of Tutankhamun. He is a major character, coming in about midway in the story. Here, his name is spelledas 'Tutankhamon.' It's strongly hinted that he was murdered.

Names

Horus name Kanakht TutmesutThe strong bull, pleasing of birth

Nebti name Neferhepusegerehtawy Werahamun NebrdjerOne of perfect laws, who pacifies the two lands; Great of the palace of Amun; Lord of all

Golden Horusname

Wetjeskhausehetepnetjeru Heqamaatsehetepnetjeru Wetjeskhauitefre WetjeskhautjestawyimWho wears crowns and pleases the gods; Ruler of Truth, who pleases the gods; Who wearsthe crowns of his father, Re; Who wears crowns, and binds the two lands therein

Prenomen NebkheperureLord of the forms of Re

Tutankhamun 11

Son of Re Tutankhamun HekaiunushemaLiving Image of Amun, ruler of Upper Heliopolis

At the reintroduction of traditional religious practice, his name changed. It is transliterated as twt-n-mnq3-wnw-m, and according to modern Egyptological convention is written Tutankhamun Hekaiunushema,meaning "Living image of Amun, ruler of Upper Heliopolis". On his ascension to the throne, Tutankhamun took apraenomen. This is transliterated as nb-prw-r, and, again, according to modern Egyptological convention is writtenNebkheperure, meaning "Lord of the forms of Re". The name Nibhurrereya in the Amarna letters may be closer tohow his praenomen was actually pronounced.

References[1] Frail boy-king Tut died from malaria, broken leg (http:/ / news. yahoo. com/ s/ ap/ ml_egypt_king_tut) by Paul Schemm, Associated Press. 16

February 2010.[2] Hawass, Zahi A. The golden age of Tutankhamun: divine might and splendor in the New Kingdom. American Univ in Cairo Press, 2004.[3] Hawass, Zahi and Saleem, Sahar N. Mummified daughters of King Tutankhamun: Archaeological and CT studies. The American Journal of

Roentgenology 2011. Vol 197, No. 5, pp. W829-836.[4] Booth pp. 8687[5] Erik Hornung, Akhenaten and the Religion of Light, Translated by David Lorton, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2001, ISBN

0-8014-8725-0.[6] Booth pp. 129130[7] "Radiologists Attempt To Solve Mystery Of Tut's Demise" (http:/ / www. sciencedaily. com/ releases/ 2006/ 11/ 061128084450. htm) from

ScienceDaily.com[8] JAMA. 17 Feb 2010;303(7):638-47. Ancestry and pathology in King Tutankhamun's family. Hawass Z, Gad YZ, Ismail S, Khairat R,

Fathalla D, Hasan N, Ahmed A, Elleithy H, Ball M, Gaballah F, Wasef S, Fateen M, Amer H, Gostner P, Selim A, Zink A, Pusch CM. SourceSupreme Council of Antiquities, Cairo, Egypt. http:/ / www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ pubmed/ 20159872. 1

[9][9] Hussein K, Matin E, Nerlich AG (2013) Paleopathology of the juvenile Pharaoh Tutankhamun-90th anniversary of discovery. Virchows Arch[10][10] Interview with G.A. Gaballa, of Cairo University. "The Hittites: A Civilization that Changed the World" by Cinema Epoch 2004. Directed

by Tolga Ornek. Documentary.[11] Aude Gros de Beler, Tutankhamun, foreword Aly Maher Sayed, Moliere, ISBN 2-84790-210-4[12] Oxford Guide: Essential Guide to Egyptian Mythology, Editor Donald B. Redford, p. 85, Berkley, ISBN 0-425-19096-X[13] The Boy Behind the Mask, Charlotte Booth, p. 120, Oneworld, 2007, ISBN 978-1-85168-544-8[14] "The Golden Age of Tutankhamun: Divine Might and Splendour in the New Kingdom", Zahi Hawass, p. 61, American University in Cairo

Press, 2004, ISBN 977-424-836-8[15] Return of the King (Times Online) (http:/ / entertainment. timesonline. co. uk/ tol/ arts_and_entertainment/ specials/ tutankhamun/

article2624036. ece)[16] Associated Press, " Tut Exhibit to Return to US Next Year (http:/ / ap. google. com/ article/ ALeqM5ilm6sCZestVa2WGI2D5pyovNphdA)"[17] Melbourne Museum's Tutenkhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaoh's Official Site (http:/ / www. kingtutmelbourne. com. au/ home.

html)[18] Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna (http:/ / www. khm. at/ system2E. html?/ staticE/ page3830. html)

Tutankhamun 12

Further reading Andritsos, John. Social Studies of ancient Egypt: Tutankhamun. Australia 2006 Booth, Charlotte. The Boy Behind the Mask", Oneworld, ISBN 978-1-85168-544-8 Brier, Bob. The Murder of Tutankhamun: A True Story. Putnam Adult, 13 April 1998, ISBN 0-425-16689-9

(paperback)/ISBN 0-399-14383-1 (hardcover)/ISBN 0-613-28967-6 (School & Library Binding) Carter, Howard and Arthur C. Mace, The Discovery of the Tomb of Tutankhamun. Courier Dover Publications, 1

June 1977, ISBN 0-486-23500-9 The semi-popular account of the discovery and opening of the tomb written bythe archaeologist responsible

Desroches-Noblecourt, Christiane. Sarwat Okasha (Preface), Tutankhamun: Life and Death of a Pharaoh. NewYork: New York Graphic Society, 1963, ISBN 0-8212-0151-4 (1976 reprint, hardcover) /ISBN 0-14-011665-6(1990 reprint, paperback)

Edwards, I.E.S., Treasures of Tutankhamun. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1976, ISBN0-345-27349-4 (paperback)/ISBN 0-670-72723-7 (hardcover)

Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities, The Mummy of Tutankhamun: the CT Scan Report, as printed inAncient Egypt, June/July 2005.

Haag, Michael. "The Rough Guide to Tutankhamun: The King: The Treasure: The Dynasty". London 2005. ISBN1-84353-554-8.

Hoving, Thomas. The search for Tutankhamun: The untold story of adventure and intrigue surrounding thegreatest modern archeological find. New York: Simon & Schuster, 15 October 1978, ISBN 0-671-24305-5(hardcover)/ISBN 0-8154-1186-3 (paperback) This book details a number of interesting anecdotes about thediscovery and excavation of the tomb

James, T. G. H. Tutankhamun. New York: Friedman/Fairfax, 1 September 2000, ISBN 1-58663-032-6(hardcover) A large-format volume by the former Keeper of Egyptian Antiquities at the British Museum, filledwith colour illustrations of the funerary furnishings of Tutankhamun, and related objects

Neubert, Otto. Tutankhamun and the Valley of the Kings. London: Granada Publishing Limited, 1972, ISBN0-583-12141-1 (paperback) First hand account of the discovery of the Tomb

Reeves, C. Nicholas. The Complete Tutankhamun: The King, the Tomb, the Royal Treasure. London: Thames &Hudson, 1 November 1990, ISBN 0-500-05058-9 (hardcover)/ISBN 0-500-27810-5 (paperback) Fully covers thecomplete contents of his tomb

Rossi, Renzo. Tutankhamun. Cincinnati (Ohio) 2007 ISBN 978-0-7153-2763-0, a work all illustrated andcoloured.

External links Grim secrets of Pharaoh's city (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ science/ nature/ 7209472. stm)BBC News Tutankhamun and the Age of the Golden Pharaohs website (http:/ / www. kingtut. org/ ) British Museum Tutankhamun highlight (http:/ / www. britishmuseum. org/ explore/ highlights/ article_index/ t/

tutankhamun,_king_of_egypt. aspx) "Swiss geneticists examine Tutankhamun's genetic profile" (http:/ / www. reuters. com/ article/ 2011/ 08/ 01/

britain-tutankhamun-dna-idAFL3E7J135P20110801) by Reuters

Article Sources and Contributors 13

Article Sources and ContributorsTutankhamun Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=612356224 Contributors: (jarbarf), *Kat*, 206.9.88.xxx, 83d40m, A. Parrot, A.C.E, A.b.s, A2-computist, ABF, AaronSchulz, Abbatangelo, AbigailAbernathy, AbsolutDan, Acalamari, Acather96, Ace of Spades, AchillesLastStand, Adam Rock, Addshore, Adraeus, Adrian.benko, Adrigon, Aericanwizard, Ag97,Ahoerstemeier, Aiman abmajid, Aitias, Akashnprithvi, Akiss, AlV, Alansohn, Alcoved id, Aldaron, Alensha, Alessandra Napolitano, Alexcoldcasefan, Alexlange, Alice697, Alicesmith053,Allens, Allstarecho, Alpha Quadrant, Alynna Kasmira, AmiDaniel, Andre Engels, Andres, Andropolis, Andy120290, Angusmclellan, Animum, AnkhMorpork, AnneBerlyne MaKenzie,AnnekeBart, Ansset, Antandrus, Anthonyhcole, AntonioBu, AnwarSadatFan, Ariobarzan, Arkkeeper, ArthurWeasley, Athaenara, Attilios, Aus Chia, Avicennasis, Avram Fawcett, Az1568,BBuchbinder, BD2412, BRoys, BanyanTree, Barneca, Barry Wom, Barticus88, Baseball Bugs, Bastin, Batman tas, Beardo, Before My Ken, Belinrahs, Bellerophon, Belovedfreak, Ben Babcock,Ben012000, Bendybendy, Betacommand, Bevo, Bigturtle, Binabik80, Bjenks, Bka9, Bkell, Blehfu, Blue ange 14, Bluejay Young, Bluezy, Bob House 884, Bob826, Bobblewik, Bobianite,Bobo192, Bogdangiusca, Bolivian Unicyclist, BomBom, Bookcat, Boongie, Bootstoots, BorgQueen, Bouncingmolar, Bporopat, BradBeattie, Brandmeister, Brandmeister (old), Brian0918,Britney901, Broadacre, BrokenSegue, Bryan Derksen, Buckeye1776, Bunnyhop11, BurtonH0123, CALR, CGengomics, CIS, CJBR, CJLL Wright, CJMiller, CWii, CaliforniaAliBaba, Calikid54,Can't sleep, clown will eat me, CanadianLinuxUser, Canadiana, Cantus, Capricorn42, Captmondo, CardinalDan, Carl.bunderson, Causa sui, CesarFelipe, Cflm001, Cgsportsfreak902,Champiness, Changedis, Charleenmerced, Charles Sturm, Chiwara, Chochopk, Chovain, Chris G, Chriscooperlondon, Chrisdaycheese, Chunga 67, Church, Church Of Christ, Ciccarelli,CieloEstrellado, Cillas001, Cilstr, Clabinger, Clawed, Cliau, Clintonb2, Codiack2430, Codythegreat, Comet Tuttle, CommonsDelinker, Comrade Tux, Connordumguy2, Connormah, Conversionscript, Coolanu, Cosmicos, Courcelles, CowboySpartan, Coyets, Crash Cove, Crywalt, Cush, D. F. Schmidt, D99figge, DBigXray, DCB4W, DGaw, DVD R W, DabMachine, DadaNeem,Dailycare, Dan653, DanMat6288, Dantepo, Darguz Parsilvan, Dark droid, DarkHalo02, Darkingfire, Darouet, Darrien333, Das Baz, Dave.Dunford, David Levy, Dawnseeker2000, Dawud,Dbachmann, Dcflyer, DearPrudence, Debresser, Decltype, Deeceevoice, Delldot, Deor, Derek davis, Derp121212, Dgw, Diannaa, Diatrko, DieKai, Digwuren, Dimadick, DisassemblyOfReason,Discospinster, Djmckee1, Dlampton, Dmoss, Dobo101, DocWatson42, Doctoris Scientia, Doniago, Donmike10, Doradus, DougsTech, Dougweller, Dr. Blofeld, Dr.saptarshi, DrMicro,DragonSoul, Dralwik, Dreadpiratetif, Dreadstar, DreamGuy, Drew R. Smith, Dureo, Dysmorodrepanis, Dystopos, E Wing, E-Carl, E. Brown, E2eamon, EALacey, EH Holden 1964,Earlypsychosis, Ed g2s, EditAnonona, Edward, Edwy, Egil, Egyptzo, Eheinr007, El C, Elipongo, Elyu, Energicko, Eniagrom, Ensrifraff, Enviroboy, EricSerge, Ericoides, Erik Kok, Erik9, Espoo,Esprix, Euphoria, Everyking, Excirial, Extension, Extreme Unction, F McGady, FF2010, Falcon8765, Fanghong, Farstarmcgee, Fconaway, Fdr2001, FeanorStar7, Feezo, Felix yim, Felsir,Ffabris, Fiddler on the green, Fieldday-sunday, Fig wright, FinFangFoom, Flammifer, FlashSheridan, FlaviaR, Fleiger, Floppydog66, Florentino floro, Fluxray1, FoggyBeard, Fogster, Foofy,FoxCE, Fragglet, Freakofnurture, Frecklefoot, Freddyvoorhees, FriendsofBorges, Frietjes, Fuhghettaboutit, Furry, Future Perfect at Sunrise, F, G.-M. Cupertino, GTBacchus, Gaelin, Gaijin42,Gaius Cornelius, Gary, Garzo, Gaurav, Geshrwh, Ghaly, Gianfranco, Gilo1969, Glanthor Reviol, Glen, Glennklockwood, Gogo Dodo, GoldenMeadows, Goodnightmush, Goodwin56, GouramiWatcher, Grafen, Graham87, Greatambo, Greswik, Gsherry, Gsp8181, Gth0824, Gump Stump, Gunter, Gurch, GusF, Guy Harris, Gwandoya, Gwernol, Hadal, Haidar360, Hajor, Hambacher,Haon 2.0, Happyme22, Harioris, Harold Helmsley, Havermayer, Hawkestone, Hbdragon88, Hdrub, Heimstern, Hellbus, HelloAnnyong, Hellznrg, Henin42, Hennessey, Patrick, Hephaestos,Herbphilly, HereToHelp, Hhcaas, Hiiiiiyyytt11, Hipiediw, Hlebz, HolmesEsq, Hotspot, Hottentot, Hqb, Htra0497, Hudgensgal, ITSENJOYABLE, Iacobus, Iamnotgeorge, Ibbn, Iceberg3k,Icequibe, IdreamofJeanie, Ihcoyc, Ilmari Karonen, Imran, InShaneee, Infrogmation, Inspiron8000, Intelati, Iridescence, Iridescent, Irishguy, IronGargoyle, Irrawaddy, Iry-Hor, Iuio, IvanLanin,Ixfd64, J.delanoy, JCarriker, Jacob1207, Jagged 85, JalenV, Jamarei, James Haughton, James086, JamesReyes, JanMic0347, Janellwashere, Jawed, Jaxl, Jazr, Jazriel, Jblncht, Jdillonf, Jeff Dahl,Jeff G., Jeronimo, Jerry, Jfarajr, Jguk 2, Jim Apple, Jim10701, Jim1138, Jimmy Pitt, Jj137, Jmlk17, Jmrowland, Jnc, Jnestorius, JodyB, Joe Gatt, John, John Carter, John D. Croft, John Moss,John254, Johnbod, JonathanDP81, Jordinho, Jordyhen, Joseph.nobles, Josh Parris, Joshua Issac, Jpgordon, Jrp, Jschultz, Jtakemann, Judson, Julesd, Jumbo Snails, Justforasecond, Kalongo2895,Kanags, Karen Johnson, Karl Dickman, KatelynJohann, Kaveh, Kd5ogu, Keeg bob, Keilana, Keithh, Kerfuffler, Kerowyn, Kevarrisb, Keycard, Khazar, Kingpin13, Kitch, Kiwidude,KnowledgeOfSelf, Koavf, Kozo, KrakatoaKatie, Krhestir21, Kricxjo, Kungfuadam, Kuru, Kwabena1041, Kwamikagami, Kylelu, KyraVixen, L!nus, L1A1 FAL, Lady Meg, LancasterII,Lankiveil, Lastwill, Lbh95, Lee Cheah, Leoboudv, Lethe, Letterwing, Linmhall, Littleolive oil, Llywrch, Loff, Looxix, Lord Emsworth, LordHuffNPuff, Loren.wilton, Lothar von Richthofen,Lotje, LoveEncounterFlow, Lovelovefilm, Lrothc, LuK3, Luckynumbers, Lukebray32, Luna Santin, M31uvt3nniz, MER-C, MK8, MPerel, MacGyverMagic, Magicmonster, Magioladitis,Majorly, Mark Arsten, MarkS, Markh, Martarius, Master Spiky, Master Thief Garrett, Master of Puppets, Masterpeace3, Materialscientist, MattKingston, MattSoave, Mav, MaxCosta, Maxis ftw,McSly, Mcmachete, Md.altaf.rahman, Mean as custard, Meishern, MeltStyles, Mentifisto, Merqurial, Mervyn, Mets501, Mfolkes, Mgiganteus1, Miaow Miaow, Michael Slone, MichaelTinkler,Michaelhaag, Midas, Mike s, Mikiruss88, Mindstalk, MindstormsKid, Minimac, Minimoto, Minna Sora no Shita, MishaPan, Misty MH, Mjgroll, Mlane1, Mlpearc, Mmcannis, Mockiewicz,Modernist, Mogism, Mojo Hand, Moki80, Moneymunz, Monique34, Moon cows, Morgan Leigh, Morrowdays, MosheA, Moxy, Mr. Vernon, MrWhipple, Mufasa100, Muntuwandi, MycheleTrempetich, MykReeve, Myrvin, Mzmadmike, NaPPy12489, Naaj, Nabaati, Naddy, Nakon, Name Omitted, NameIsRon, Natalie Erin, NawlinWiki, Nefertum17, Neglekt, Neilwiththedeal,Neonmario, Nera456, Neutrality, Neverquick, Ngebendi, Nicander, Niciscoolio, Nick, Nickrds09, Nigel the second, Nightscream, Nihil novi, Nihiltres, Niuwrldorder, Nixdorf, Njchessboy,Nneonneo, Norm mit, Ntsimp, Nubiatech, Nuggetboy, Nuno Tavares, Nv8200p, Nwa4life1900, Nymf, Oanabay04, Odensraven09, Odysses, Ohconfucius, Oilyjoe, OlEnglish, Oliver Pereira,Omicronpersei8, Onceonthisisland, Onion.terror, Only, Orayzio, Oreo Priest, Oxymoron83, PFHLai, PS., Pacific Werx, Paledw01, Panglossa, Parkwells, Party, Paste, Paul August, Paul Barlow,Paulleake, Paxti, Pentawing, Peter'sGal, PeterJeremy, Petrograd, Pfalstad, Pgk, Phenomenomal, Philip Trueman, PhilipOsborne, PhoenixMourning, Pie053, Pigslookfunny, Pilotguy, Pimlottc,Plasticspork, Plastikspork, Pmj, PoccilScript, Polarscribe, Polyxeros, Prhartcom, Prisoner627, ProhibitOnions, Pschemp, PseudoSudo, Pshent, Ptcamn, Punktuator, Pyfan, Quebec99,Queenmomcat, Quidam65, Qwe, Qwyrxian, Qylecoop, R011ingthunder, R153nm, RaCha'ar, Rachelskit, RainbowOfLight, RandomP, Rarsy burgo, Ratatosk, Rd232, Rdsmith4, Realman208,Rebelkass, Recognizance, RedRollerskate, Redfluff, Redmercury82, Redranger241, Redthoreau, Redtigerxyz, Reenem, RenamedUser01302013, Republic of Texas, Retired user 0002, Rettetast,ReturnH, RexNL, Reywas92, Rgoodermote, Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ), Richard Weil, Ricky81682, Riley Huntley, Rinkle gorge, Ripepette, Ritchy, Rjwilmsi, Rlendog, Rlevse, Rlove,Rmiller3, Rnolst, Robert Keiden, Robert j13, Robors, Rockersammib, RodC, Rollingdaniel, Rolypolyman, Rowanmilesashe, Royroydeb, Rrburke, Ruakh, Runtime, Rzwiefel345, S.V.Taylor,SCEhardt, ST47, Sadads, Saga City, Sage of twilight, Saharnsaleem, Saharsaleem1, Salvio giuliano, Sam Korn, SammyD123, Samuel Blanning, Sanchez67, Sandeepmdas, Sandman09,Santurwoman, Sardanaphalus, Sasbig, Sat Ra, Satyanarayan Mohapatra, Savidan, SchfiftyThree, Schumi555, SchuminWeb, Sciurin, Scottiscool, Scwlong, Seaphoto, Sedmison, Sephiroth storm,Septegram, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Seventy-one, Shaddow777, ShakespeareFan00, Shanes, ShannieCakes, Sharapovis, Shoeofdeath, Shrike, SilkTork, Silvercowman, Simon Peter Hughes,SineWave, Sionus, Sirkad, Sisu99, Sjc, Sjmawson, Skizzik, Skookum1, Slakr, Sleddog116, Slimmon, Slixster, Sluzzelin, Smalleditor, Smilesfozwood, SnappingTurtle, Sngahehe, Sniffit607,Snow Blizzard, Snowdrop44, Snowolf, Snuzzelpuzzle, Solicitr, Some jerk on the Internet, Sophos II, Spader101, Sparta300xps, SpedeX, Spikebrennan, Spinnercat, Srdjan Vesic, Sstteevvee,StarX, Starelda, Steel, Stephen C Wells, Stephenb, SteveLamacq43, Stickandpuck, Stonyboyjr, Storm Rider, Str1977, Stupid guy, Sun Creator, SunCountryGuy01, Sup jack141, SupremeDeliciousness, Sw2046, Synchronism, SyntaxError55, T-bonham, T@nn, TJDay, TOO, Taam, Tabletop, Takhay, TattooedLibrarian, Tbhotch, Tc06rtw, Teddie Edwards, Tedickey, Tempshill,Tgeairn, Thameen, Thanatosimii, That Guy, From That Show!, The Man in Question, The Thing That Should Not Be, The kicker, TheNewPhobia, TheProject, Theatenist, Theeditorrocks,Thenickdude, Therealmikelvee, Thetacoishere, Thirstforknowledge6000, Thismightbezach, Tholme, Thuresson, ThutmoseIII, Thuvan Dihn, Tide rolls, TigerShark, Tim Ivorson,Timrollpickering, Tjliles2007, Tobyc75, Tobycat, Tohfa2, TomGreen, Tommy2215, Tommyb13, Tony Fox, Tp07127, Tpbradbury, Trappist the monk, Trevor MacInnis, Treybien, Treyt021,Tuckerresearch, Tut74749, TutterMouse, Twthmoses, Tyrannosaurus rex, Tyrol5, Udimu, Ugur Basak, Ukabia, Ulric1313, UncleBubba, Unschool, UpperPuppy, Uspn, Utcursch, Valadius,Valerius Tygart, Vandriel1325, Vdrj2, Verdatum, Versageek, Vgranucci, Vicki Rosenzweig, Victor Chmara, VideoCWK, Vignesh33, VolatileChemical, Vommette, Vrenator, Vynce, W99,WBardwin, WLRoss, Wackywace, Waggers, Wdford, Weareallone, Webclient101, Welsh, Wendell, Wetman, Whispering, White43, Who then was a gentleman?, WikHead, Wikilackey,Wikipelli, Wikiscribe, Wikiy2k, WillMcC, Williamnilly, Wk muriithi, Woody, Woohookitty, Worldruler20, WotWotW, Wtmitchell, Wuhwuzdat, XRDoDRX, Xelene, Xezbeth, Xgu, Xionbox,Yahia.barie, Yegg13, Yellowdesk, Yintan, Yngvadottir, Yt95, Zack Holly Venturi, Zagalejo, ZayZayEM, Zerida, Zoe, ZooFari, , 1695 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Tutmask.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tutmask.jpg License: Copyrighted free use Contributors: Jon BodsworthImage:kingtut2.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Kingtut2.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Sfan00 IMG, ThutmoseIIIFile:Mummy Frontal.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Mummy_Frontal.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Howard CarterFile:Tte de Toutnkhamon enfant (muse du Caire Egypte).jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tte_de_Toutnkhamon_enfant_(muse_du_Caire_Egypte).jpgLicense: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Jean-Pierre DalbraFile:Mannequin of Tutankhamun.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Mannequin_of_Tutankhamun.jpg License: Copyrighted free use Contributors: Jon BodsworthFile:Tutankhamun at Luxor temple.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tutankhamun_at_Luxor_temple.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0 Contributors: Ad MeskensImage:Egypte louvre 148.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Egypte_louvre_148.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 1.0 Generic Contributors:Aoineko, Baronnet, Borislav, JMCC1, Mmcannis, Neithsabes, Paddy, Ranveig, Tedmek, ThuressonImage:Anuk.PNG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Anuk.PNG License: Public Domain Contributors: Original uploader was Tiger cub at en.wikipediaFile:The Moment Carter Opens the Tomb.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:The_Moment_Carter_Opens_the_Tomb.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors:Harry Burton (1879 1940)

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 14

File:Tutankhamuns chest by John Campana.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tutankhamuns_chest_by_John_Campana.jpg License: Creative CommonsAttribution 2.0 Contributors: tutincommon (John Campana)Image:Egypt.KV62.01.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Egypt.KV62.01.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 1.0 Generic Contributors: Aoineko,G.dallorto, Graphium, Hajor, Judithcomm, Juiced lemon, Leoboudv, Wouterhagens, 4 anonymous editsFile:CheramesKingTutSaloonRaceland.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:CheramesKingTutSaloonRaceland.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: InfrogmationFile:Tutankhamun's bed (Cairo Museum).jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tutankhamun's_bed_(Cairo_Museum).jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0Contributors: Hans OllermannFile:Tutankhamun scarab1.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tutankhamun_scarab1.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors:http://www.flickr.com/photos/dalbera/Image:Srxtail2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Srxtail2.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Srxtail2.GIF: Jeff Dahl derivative work: M0tty (talk)Image:Hiero_Ca1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Hiero_Ca1.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Bryan DerksenImage:Hiero_Ca2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Hiero_Ca2.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Bryan Derksen

LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

TutankhamunLifeReignDomestic policyForeign policy

Health and appearanceGenealogy

DeathAftermath of deathSignificanceTombForgottenCurse

In popular cultureExhibitionsFilm and televisionOther media

NamesReferencesFurther readingExternal links

License