TURNING THE TIDE____________________

Independent Problem Solving ServiceFor Mining Companies and Affected Communities

This brochure explains what the Independent Problem Solving Service (IPSS) is and how it works. The ‘nuts and bolts’ of the Service are unpacked. It also covers why we believe it stands to effectively resolve problems where all else has largely failed, along with its potential benefits.

August 2018

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The focus of this Service is on the effective resolution of problems and issues between mining companies and communities affected by their operations.

WHAT IS THE PROBLEM?Much has been researched and written about what the problem is. The following is a high level summary of some of the main issues involved.

From a mining sector perspective:

• Intractableconflictsofinterestprevailwithongoinginterruptionstominingoperations.

• Resistancetominingoperationsissteadilyontheincreasealongwiththeassociatedconflict.Protestshappenonadailybasis.

• Asignificanttrustdeficitprevailsbetweenminingcompaniesandaffectedcommunities.

From a community perspective:

• Heavilyskewedpowerrelationsprevailbetweenminingcompaniesandaffectedcommunities.

• Thisisinthecontextofcommunitieswithextremelevelsofpoverty,inequalityandmarginalization.AsstatedintheMiningCharter,minecommunitiescontinuetoliveinabjectpoverty.

• Thereisalonghistoryofcommunitiesbeingnegativelyimpactedbyminingoperations,e.g.miningpollutionofair,waterandsoil.

• Thereisanequallylonghistoryofcommunityproblemsandissuesnotbeingresolved.

• Governmentlackthecapacitytoeffectivelydealwiththeseissues.

• Thereareeverincreasinglevelsoffrustrationandangerwithinaffectedcommunities.

Aneffectiveproblemsolvingfacilitythereforeisurgentlyneededintheminingsectortoturnthetideofunresolvedproblemsandgrievances.

When communities are uprooted and relocated, the costs for them are enormous and include socioeconomic loss and exclusion from mine benefits; loss of ancestral land and culture shock; and loss of their way of life and a sustainable existence. Mining should mean they are better, not worse off. After all, it is their land where the minerals – worth billions – are found. (Extract from Business Day article of 3 July 2018 entitled ‘Charter is a step away from the wasteland’.)

THE PROBLEM____________________DIALOGUEISNOTPOSSIBLEINANUNEQUALRELATIONSHIP

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WHAT IS OUR RESPONSE?THE INDEPENDENTPROBLEM SOLVING SERVICEA new ground breaking service is being established in consultation with all role players, designed to effectively resolve problems and issues between mining companies and communities affected by their operations. This is the Independent Problem Solving Service (IPSS).

Itisinformedbytheviewthatfirstly,wehaveaproblemandthatitisabigproblem,secondly,thingscannotstayastheyareandthirdly,changeisurgentlyneededfortheverysurvivalofoursociety.

The vision for this initiative istheestablishmentofanindependent,voluntary,multi-purpose,alternativeproblemsolvingserviceforcommunitiesaffectedbyminingoperationsandtheminesinvolved,informedbysocialjusticevaluesandprinciples. The overarching mission isthepursuitofconstructivecommunity/minerelationsaimedatthepreventionofconflictandtheeffectiveresolutionofprevailingproblemsandissues,withfacilitateddialogueastheprimarymechanism.

TheIPSS’ssocialjusticevisionhastherestorationofhumandignityatitscentre.

The overall objective iscontributingtotherestructuringofcommunity/minerelationsthroughtheopeningupofdemocraticspacetodialogueasequals.

It consists of two main aspects: a problemsolvingsystemconsistingofanumberofcomponentsandwithit,theprovisionofthenecessarysupportandcapacitythroughanIndependentCapacityBuildingFund(ICF).

Essential to effective problem solvingmustbethepartiesinvolvedengagingasequals.Inordertoengageasequals,communitiesneedtherequiredknowledge,informationandskills.ThisisthecentralfunctionoftheICF.

Itwillalsoprovidethefinancingforimpartial,suitablyexperiencedandskilledfacilitatorsforthedialoguingprocess.

TheICFstandstofacilitateinformeddecision-makingbycommunitiesandallowforamorelevelplayingfieldbetweentheindustryandcommunities.

The desired outcomesoftheIPSSaresustainable,developmentalsolutions,aimedatgoingbeyondremediestoaddresspovertyandinequalityinallitsdimensions,includingunemployment.

OUR RESPONSE____________________DIALOGUEAMONGSTEQUALSOPENSTHEWAYTOSOLUTIONS–THEIPSSPROVIDESTHIS

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WHERE DOES THE IPSS COME FROM?We were first talking about an Independent Grievance Mechanism, but it was realized that a very different approach is needed to achieve what grievance mechanisms have largely failed to achieve.

This conclusion arises out of the Bench Marks experience and research on the local and international situation regarding the use of company grievance mechanisms.

Muchcanbesaidaboutthis,butthebottomlineisthatcompanygrievancemechanisms(andtheirequivalents)forawiderangeofreasonshavetendedtonotworktothesatisfactionofthecommunitiesinvolved,bothlocallyandinternationally.Examplesare:

• companygrievancemechanismstendtobemechanisticanddisempowering;

• thereisgenerallyalackofconsultationwithaffectedcommunitiesintheirestablishment;

• theydonotprovidefordialogueandrelationshipbuilding;

• theyfallshortofprovidingmeaningfulremedies;and

• theyfailtomeetinternationalstandardsoffairprocess.

TheprocesstoestablishtheIPSSistakingallthesefactorsintoaccount,togetherwiththeharshrealitiesprevailingontheground,

OUR GUIDING PRINCIPLES

Theinitiativeisinformedbyasetofguidingprinciples,whichareinturnunderpinnedbytheUnitedNationsGuidingPrinciplesonBusinessandHumanRightsandtheBenchMarksPrinciplesforGlobalCorporateResponsibility.

TheUNGuidingPrinciplesprovidethatgovernmentsmustprotecthumanrights,corporationsmustrespecthumanrightsandtheremustbeaccesstoremedy,bothjudicialand/ornon-judicial.Inordertoensuretheireffectiveness,theUNGuidingPrinciplesrequirethatthejudicialandnon-judicialprovisionsmustbelegitimate,accessible,predictable,equitable,transparent,rights-compatible,asourceofcontinuouslearningandbebasedonengagementanddialogue.

TheIPSSguidingprinciplesflowfromthisandaresummarisedasfollows.

• Dignity:restorationandmaintenanceofhumandignity.

• Democracy:allroleplayersconsultedandmeetinademocraticspaceasequals.

• Dialogue: facilitatedsocialdialogueatthecentreoftheService.

• Sensitivity: culturalsensitivityinallaspectsoftheprocess.

• Accessibility: accesstoinformationandaccessibilityoftheprocessesinvolved.

• Transparency: participantskeptinformedofdevelopmentsandoutcomes.

• Rights: theServicetonotgiveaway,limitorundermineparticipant’srights.

OUR GUIDING PRINCIPLES____________________DIALOGUEFLOWSFROMTHEIPSSSOCIALJUSTICEVISIONANDPRINCIPLES

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WHY DOES THE IPSS STAND TO WORK WHERE LITTLE ELSE HAS?We believe that due to this approach and how the Service isdesigned, it stands to work wherepractically everything else hasfailed. This is due to a number ofreasons:

- Firstly,itisinformedbythelearningsandmistakesofthepast.BenchMarkshascarriedoutmuchresearchinthisregardandisalsodrawingfromitsmanyyearsofexperienceofbeingexposedtochallengesfacingcommunities.ThisisakeystrengthoftheService.

- Secondly,thedesignanddevelopmentoftheServiceisinvolvinganextensivebriefingandconsultativeprocess,involvingcommunityleadership,civilsocietyorganisationsandminingcompanies.Thiswillcontinueonanongoingbasis.Thisisalsokey.

- Thirdly,itisdrivenandinformedbyasocialjusticevision,withtherestorationofhumandignityatitscentre.Thisincludesallparticipantsbeingtreatedwithcareandrespect.

- WhilehumandignityisatthecentreoftheService’svision,facilitateddialogueisatthecoreoftheServicepracticallyspeaking.WebelievethatthefacilitateddialogueprocessispivotaltothepotentialeffectivenessoftheService.Theinternationalexperiencealsopointsstronglytowardsthis.

- Thefacilitateddialogueprocessinvolvesimpartialandexperiencedfacilitators.Thisisalsoakeyaspecttotheproblemsolvingprocess.Goingforwardweenvisageatrainedpanelofexperiencedfacilitators,whoareknowledgeableonthehistory,communitiesandsectorsinvolved.

- Thefacilitateddialogueprocessisanon-adversarial,accessible,non-legalisticdialoguingandrelationshipbuildingprocessthatwillbenefittheindustryasmuchasensuringfaireroutcomesforcommunities.

- AnimportantaspecttothisServiceisitsflexibilityandadaptabilitytoallsituations.Thedesignoftheproblemsolvingprocesstakesintoaccountthecomplexityofcases,includingthemultipleroleplayersinvolved.

- Eachcaseiscarefullydiagnosedandaprocessspecificallydesignedforthatcaseisformulated,drawingfromatoolboxofexercises.

- TheServiceisindependentofminingcompanies.ThisiscentraltocommunitiesgainingthetrustoftheService.Itisalsoindependentofcommunities,civilsocietyandgovernment.

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- Greatimportanceisplacedontheproblemsolvingcomponentsbeingsimpleandeasytounderstandanduse.Itisalsoaimedatbeinganempoweringexperienceforparticipants.

- Bearinginmindtheheavilyskewedpowerrelationsbetweencommunitiesandminingcompanies,theServicefunctionswithinanenvironmentwherethe‘playingfields’arelevelled.ItachievesthisthroughtechnicalandcapacitybuildingsupportforparticipantsviatheICF.ThisiscrucialtothesuccessfulfunctioningoftheService.

- Overall,theresultwillbebetter-informedcommunities,withincreasedcapacity,leadingtodevelopmentaloutcomesandimprovedrelationsanddialogue,thatnotonlybenefitcommunitiesbutalsoindustry.

- Itaspirestowardssustainable,developmentalsolutionswhichincludebutgobeyondrights-basedremedies,withpovertyalleviation,incomegenerationandreductionofinequalityfactoredin.

- TheServicehaspro-activeandpreventativeaspectsinvolvingmonitoringandearlyinterventionsintoproblemsituationsemerging,alongwithongoingdialoguewithminingcompaniesoutsideofcases.Thisisalsoakeyaspectcontributingtothesuccessofthisinitiative.

Overall,itisthecombinationoftheService’saspects,asdescribedabove,thatisthe‘secret’toitssuccess!

We are looking at something very practical and that works!

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WHAT ARE THE PROBLEM SOLVING COMPONENTS?The problem solving process includes a number of components to draw from:

• Diagnosisofproblemanddesignofprocess;

• Facilitateddialogue;• Grievancehearing;• Mediation;• Expeditedarbitration.

AllthesecomponentswillbedesignedandimplementedinformedbytheService’ssocialjusticevision,centredonhumandignity.Assuchtheprinciplespreviouslymentionedapplyacrossallcomponents.Furthercomponentsmaybedevelopedasweproceed.

How these components are applied practically is covered next.

PROBLEM SOLVING COMPONENTS____________________SKILLFULUSEOFDIFFERENTAPPROACHESCREATESNEWPOSSIBILITIES

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WHAT ARE THE PROBLEM SOLVING STEPS?This process normally starts with a community relaying the problem to the IPSS. There will then be an engagement with the community, including determining their support and capacity needs.

The mining company and other role players will then be engaged and all going well, Terms of Reference will be settled between the community and mining company involved. The Terms of Reference will include the process to follow, the parties involved and who will be the facilitators. Great emphasis is placed on all the principle parties involved being fully conversant with the approach and process involved.

Greatcareisalsotakenintheappointmentoffacilitators.Usuallytwofacilitatorswillbeappointed,informedbyasetofcriteriaandwhohavecomplimentaryskillsandexperience.Thecriteriaincludeimpartialityandextensivefacilitationskillsandexperience.Thepartieswillbefurnishedwiththefacilitators’profiles.

Thefirststepthereafterwillbeadiagnosisoftheproblembytheappointedfacilitatorsinvolved,whichwillnecessitateconsultationsandmeetingswiththeroleplayersinvolved.Thisusuallywillbecarriedoutseparatelywitheachinterestgroup.

ThediagnosisincludesdeterminingatwhatstageoftheconflictcyclethecaseiswhenbroughttotheattentionoftheServiceandtheidentificationofallroleplayersinvolved,alongwithpossiblecompetingordifferinginterestandimpactedgroupswithineachconstituency.Whetherornotagrievancehearinghasalreadybeenheldatcompanylevelwillalsobetakenintoaccount,alongwithotherattemptstoresolvethematter.

Thisisfollowedbythedesignofafacilitateddialogueprocessbythefacilitators,informedbythediagnosisanddrawingfromthetoolboxofexercises.Allgoingwell,thiswillthenbeapplied,asdescribedinthenextsectionbelow.

Ifnoresolution,afurtherprocessisdesignedbythefacilitatorsinconsultationwiththeparticipants,drawingfromtheotherproblemsolvingcomponents:

• An alternative grievance hearing may be factored in where facilitated dialogue is not successful.

• Formal mediation will usually be used where a deadlock prevails, depending on the nature of the case.

• Expedited arbitration usually will be triggered when ‘all else fails’.

Ifnoarbitrationisheldandwherethereisnoresolution,thepartiesmayleavethesystemandpursuewhatevertheydeemtobeintheirbestinterests.

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Incertaincases,thefacilitators,inconsultationwiththeparticipantsinvolved,mayconcludethatafurthercomponentnotcurrentlypartofthetoolboxandincombinationwithselectedcurrentcomponentsisthemostappropriateproblemsolvingprocesstofollow.

POINTS TO NOTE

• Itisanticipatedthattheprocessuptofacilitateddialoguewillnormallyresolvetheproblemanditwillonlybeinexceptionalcircumstancesthatfurtherstepswillneedtobetaken.

• AkeyaspecttothisServiceisitsflexibilityandadaptabilitytoallsituations,butoverseenbythefacilitatorsandinformedbythevisionandprinciples.Aprocessisdesignedforeachspecificcaseandanycombinationofcomponentscanbeused,butusuallywithfacilitateddialogueatthecentre.

• Akeyaspectistheidentificationofallroleplayersandhavingthemdirectlyinvolvedintheprocess.

• Movingfromonesteptothenextisvoluntaryinnature.

• Overall,italsoneedstobeemphasisedthatasanew,initiative,therewillbemanylearningstobedrawnandappliedasfurtherexperienceisobtained.

• Whilethefocusisonminingcompaniesandcommunities,governmentisalsoakeyroleplayerinresolvingproblems.

PROBLEM SOLVINGSTEPS____________________ARIGOROUSPROCESSOFENGAGEMENTWILLFACILITATEEFFECTIVEPROBLEMSOLVING

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WHAT DOES THE FACILITATED DIALOGUE PROCESS CONSIST OF?This involves a process where all role players get together in an environment conducive to ventilation of views, discussion, analysis of issues and problem solving.

Participantsgothroughfacilitatedexercisesandactivities,including:

• ventilationofissuesandconcerns;• informationgatheringandsharing;• storytelling;• specialistinputs;• investigationsintospecificissues;• jointproblemidentification,analysis

andsolving,whichwillincludesurfacingsymptomsandcausesofproblems;

• debateanddiscussion.

Theroleofthefacilitatorsiscrucialinthisprocess.Thisincludesensuring:

• participantsfeelcomfortablewiththeenvironmentandconversantwiththeprocess;

• agreedrulesofengagementareinplacetoenablemeaningfuldiscussionandreflection;

• allparticipantsaretreatedwithrespectanddignityandfeelfreetofullyairtheirviews;

• adequatetimeframesareprovidedwithno‘rushing’ofdiscussion;

• participantsunderstandwhattheroleofthefacilitatorsis.

Akeyaspectisgettingtogripswiththenatureoftheproblem,includingsymptomsandcauses.

Arigorousengagementonallpossiblesolutionsisalsokey.

Anotherimportantaspectistheprioritisationofsustainable,developmentalsolutions.

Aspreviouslyaddressed,otherimportantaspectstothefacilitateddialogueprocessincludeuserfriendliness,dialoguingonanequalbasis,trustintheprocessandculturalsensitivity. Theoverallobjectiveistosolveproblemsandnottoproveeachotherrightandwrongthroughcomplicatedmechanisms.

Evenwherefacilitateddialoguedoesnotresolvetheproblem,itwillplayanimportantroleinmanagingtherelationsbetweentheroleplayersandgaininganin-depthunderstandingof:

• theproblem/issuefromtheperspectiveofallparticipants;

• whatarethesymptomsandcauses;

• whataretheviewsoftheaffectedparties;

• theissuesindisagreement;• possiblesolutions.

Thisinturnwillsetthesceneandclearthegroundforthenextcomponent,designedbythefacilitatorsinconsultationwithallroleplayers.

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WHY FACILITATED DIALOGUE?Theemphasisondialogueasopposedtoagrievancemechanismapproachisinformedbyboththelocalandinternationalexperiencepointingtodialoguingbeingamoresuccessfulformofengagementforeffectiveproblemsolving.IntheviewofBenchMarks,itisalsoessentialthatthisprocessisfacilitated,consideringthecomplexitiesandchallengesinvolved,includingmultipleroleplayersandskewedpowerrelations.Thisisinfactthekeystrengthoftheapproach.

THE PROBLEM SOLVING CYCLE IS CENTRAL TO THE FACILITATED DIALOGUE APPROACH ____________________

5. GENERATE SOLUTIONS

7. EVALUATE AND SELECT A

SOLUTION

3. DEFINE THE PROBLEM

2. CREATE THE APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENT

6. GENERATE VIABLE

OPTIONS

4. ANALYSE THE PROBLEM

1. JOINTLY ACKNOWLEDGE

A PROBLEM EXISTS

8. IMPLEMENT THE

SOLUTION

9. MONITOR IMPLEMENTATION

THE PROBLEM SOLVING CYCLE

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HOW DO THE OTHER PROBLEM SOLVING COMPONENTS WORK?GRIEVANCE HEARING

Analternativegrievancehearing,asmentioned,maybeusedwherefacilitateddialoguehasnotbeensuccessful.Itwillinvolveamoreformal,structuredprocess,whichwillincludeawrittengrievancebeinglodgedandagrievancehearingbeingheld,chairedbyanindependentchairperson/s(presidingofficer/s).

Thismayincludetheconductingofinvestigations(whichmayincludeconductingresearchandobtainingspecialistinformation)andtheleadingofevidence.

Theindependentchairperson/swillmakearecommendation/sregardingasolution.Whileamoreformalprocess,simplicityanduseraccessibilitywillbekeyaspects.

FORMAL MEDIATION

Formalmediationwillnormallybeusedwherenoagreementisreachedandtheaffectedpartiesareindeadlock.Themediationprocesswillincludeactivitiessuchasclarificationofmandates,negotiation,formalsettlementproposalsandrealitytesting.

EXPEDITED ARBITRATION

Expeditedarbitrationbasedonanon-adversarialmodelwillnormallybeappliedwhere‘allelsehasfailed’orwhereitisfeltthat‘nothingelsewillwork’.Thisisamoreformalprocesswhereasuitablyexperiencedarbitratorhearsargumentandevidenceandproducesanaward,whichisaimedatbeingfinalandbindingonthepartiesinvolved.However,itcanbesubjecttoreviewundercertaincircumstances.ThiswillstillbeasimplerandmorecosteffectiveprocessthangoingtherouteoftheCourts.

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Withthis,itstandstomakeanimportantcontributiontoaddressingthecurrentlevelsofpovertyandinequality,alongwithaddressingtheunequalpowerrelationsbetweencommunitiesandminingcompanies.

Akeyoutcomethereforefromaminingsectorperspectiveisthecreationofamoreconduciveenvironmentforminestooperateandfromacommunityperspective,moresustainablecommunities.

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF THIS SERVICE?Due to its nature as described above, this initiative stands to get problems effectively resolved, following a developmental approach. All affected and impacted role players as such stand to benefit.

Itstandstoopenspaceforongoingandmeaningfuldialogue,alongwithprovidinganopportunitytoresolveproblemsinanon-adversarialmanner.

Itstandstopre-emptlong,drawnoutandcostlylegalprocesses.

Overall,itstandstopositivelychangethelivesofmanycommunities,alongwithrestructuringandimprovingrelationsbetweenminingcompaniesandcommunities.

Importantly,ithasapro-active,preventativeemphasis,withongoingmonitoringandearlyinterventionsgivenpriority.Inthelongtermthisisaimedatslowingdownorevenstoppingthenever-endingtreadmillofproblemsarising,alongwithpreventingproblemsthathavearisenescalatingfurther.

THECASEFORANINDEPENDENTPROBLEMSOLVINGSERVICEINTHEMININGSECTOR

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• We have a problem and there is an urgent need for workable solutions.

• There is a strong case for a new alternative, informed by experiences to date and the harsh reality on the ground.

• Bench Marks has carried out extensive research and consultations in this regard.

• Company grievance mechanisms and other provisions are not working.

• We are looking at something very practical and that works. • A key principle is that dialogue is not possible in an unequal

relationship.• The IPSS is underpinned by the United Nations Guiding

Principles (UNGP) on Business and Human Rights Access to Remedy Framework and the Bench Marks Principles for Global Corporate Responsibility.

• Due to its design, as described in this brochure, the IPSS stands to work, with all benefitting.

• A shift in thinking and approach is needed – this is a challenge for all.

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THE WAY FORWARD – TURNING THE TIDEThis initiative is breaking new ground, with a fresh and dynamic approach. It stands to make an important contribution in turning the tide of unresolved community grievances and problems arising out of mining operations, along with restructuring relations through the opening up of democratic space between communities and mining companies.

Anewjourneyisbeingundertaken,withlearningsdrawneachstepoftheway.Allroleplayerscanbenefit,butundoubtedlytherearemanychallengesinvolved.Thisisanimportantopportunity!However,inorderforthewholeinitiativetowork,ashiftinthinkingandapproachisneeded,informedbyavisionofanewworldforallSouthAfricans.

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COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What is the envisaged facilitated dialogue in practice?

TheIPSSfacilitateddialogueprocessessentiallyinvolvesstory-telling,informationsharinganddiscussion.Theoverallobjectiveistosolveproblemsandnottoproveeachotherrightandwrongthroughcomplicatedmechanisms.Centraltotheapproachisaproblemidentification,analysisandsolvingexercise.Itstartswithadiagnosisoftheproblematahighlevel,includingtheidentificationofallinterestedpartiesandendswithaformalagreementandimplementationplan.Akeyaspectisunpackingwhatactuallyistheproblem,alongwithitssymptomsandrootcauses.

What do I need to participate?

Allyouneedtoparticipateisapreparednesstotellyourstoryandawillingnesstosearchforrealsolutions.Peoplewithspecialistknowledgeandskillswillbebroughtinwhereneededtoaddressspecificaspects.

What if the problem is not solved? Wheretheproblemisnotresolvedthroughfacilitateddialogue,anumberofotheroptionsareavailable,suchasformalmediationandexpeditedarbitration.TheseoptionsarealsoinformedbytheIPSSapproachofsimplicity,userfriendlinessandnon-legalism.Whilethelegalrouteisstillpossible,itisavoided.

Is this process basically the same as CCMA mediation/conciliation?

Whiletherearesimilarities,attheheartoftheapproachinvolvedisfacilitateddialogueandwitheachcasehavingacustomisedprocessinformedbytheparticularhistoryandcircumstancesprevailing.

How will the Service be funded?

Onceestablished,weenvisagetheproblemsolvingprocess,includingfacilitatorfees,beingfundedthroughanIndependentCapacityBuildingFund.ThisFundwillalsoberesponsibleforensuringallparticipantsareadequatelycapacitatedtoensuremeaningfulandproductivedialoguingonanequalfooting.Areasofenvisagedsupportinclude:

• Informationaccess.• Communityknowledgeandskills

building.• Accesstoexpertise,such

asgeologists,scientists,environmentalexperts,socialimpactspecialists,developmentalexperts,EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentexpertiseandadvice,legalpractitionersandmediators.

WeenvisagefundingfortheICFcomingfromanumberofsourcesandnotonlytheminingsector.However,weenvisagetheminingsectormakingamajorcontributiontothisfundandwebelieve,bearinginmindthecontext,thatthisispartofthesocialresponsibilityofcompanies.

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IPSS Advisory Board

TheIPSSisadvisedbyanAdvisoryBoardofeminentpersons,whoareasfollows: TheRtRev’dDrJoSeoka-FoundingChairoftheBenchMarksFoundationBoardandformerAnglicanBishopofPretoria.(AdvisoryBoardChairperson) DrAsandaBenya-LecturerintheDepartmentofSociologyattheUniversityofCapeTownandaresearchassociateattheSociety,WorkandDevelopmentInstitute(SWOP)attheUniversityoftheWitwatersrand. ProfTracy-LynnHumby-ProfessorofLawattheUniversityoftheWitwatersrandandcurrentChairoftheBoardoftheCentreforEnvironmentalRights. ProfSonwabileMnwana-AssociateProfessorandHeadofDepartmentofSociologyattheUniversityofFortHareandaresearchassociateatSociety,WorkandDevelopmentInstitute(SWOP),UniversityoftheWitwatersrand. JusticeKathieSatchwell-retiredJudgeoftheHighCourt. ProfMavis“May”Hermanus-visitingAdj-ProfessorattheCentreforSustainabilityinMiningandIndustry(CSMI),UniversityoftheWitwatersrand. TheAdvisoryBoardbringsawealthofexperience,knowledgeandskillsrelatedtomining/mineralextractivesandimpactedcommunities,includingsocialjustice,legal,environmental,sustainabledevelopmentandruralsocialchangeissues.

Issued by the Bench Marks Foundation 11th Floor Khotso House62 Marshall Street, Marshalltown Johannesburg

The Bench Marks Foundation is a faith-based, non-profit organisation committed to social and economic justice.

For queries and further information, contact info@bench-marks.org.za www.bench-marks.org.za