turning points of the war how did the battles of vicksburg and gettysburg change the course of the...
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Turning Points of the War
How did the Battles of Vicksburg and Gettysburg change the
course of the Civil War?
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Vicksburg
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Union Victory at Vicksburg
• In May and June of 1863, Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s armies converged on Vicksburg
• Union victory split the Confederacy in half
• Grant becomes General-in-Chief of the Union armies
• Ended the South’s hopes for victory
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Gettysburg – turning point
• Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere.
• Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days.
• It was the last time the South invaded the North.
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Battle of Gettysburg
• General Lee hoped to win a victory on Union soil with hopes of strengthening peace movement in North and getting direct foreign support
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Battle of Gettysburg
• Day 1 Confederate cavalry had driven the Federals south
• Federals rallied into defensive positions
• Day 2 Major engagements occurred on Union right and left; Lee hoped to flank Feds
• Day 3 Lee ordered Gen. George Pickett’s division to attack the Union center
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Battle of Gettysburg
• Lee retreated to Virginia
• Union losses 23,000 men killed or wounded
• Confederacy losses 28,000 men killed or wounded
• South never again fought on Union soil
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Gettysburg Address• that from these honored
dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
» Abe Lincoln
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Confederate Dead
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Grant Takes Command
• Lincoln understood his chances of reelection in 1864 depended on Union successes in the battle field
• Lincoln appointed Ulysses S. Grant command of all the Union forces
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Grant Takes Command
• Appointed William Tecumseh Sherman in charge of the west
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Grant Takes Command
• Believed in total war • Attacked military and
civilian targets• Grant’s tactic was to
attack and attack again and confront the enemy
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Battle of the Wilderness
• Starting in May 1864 Grant threw his troops into battle after battle
• 1st in wooded area called the Wilderness, near Fredericksburg, Virginia
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Sherman’s March
• Sherman moved south toward transportation center at Atlanta
• Occupied Atlanta• Confederate army
tried to circle and cut Sherman off from railroad supply lines
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Sherman’s March
• Ignored supply lines, marched southeast through Georgia to the sea
• Created a wide path of destruction
• Lived off the land as he went
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Sherman’s March
• Wanted to make Southerners “so sick of war that generations would pass away before they would again appeal to it.”
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Sherman’s March
• After reaching Savannah just before Christmas, Sherman turned North to help Grant, “wipe out Lee.”
• 25,000 freed slaves following behind eager for freedom
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Sherman’s March
• Sherman wanted to grant each freedman’s family forty acres and a mule
• Both of which would be liberated from the former wealthy plantation owners
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Sherman’s March
• Entering North Carolina, last state to secede, stopped burning private homes
• Started handing out food and other supplies to people
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The Election of 1864
• Politics as usual in the North
• 1864 Presidential election
• Lincoln opposition from Democrats and within party
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The Election of 1864
• In November, with the help of ballots cast by Union soldiers, Lincoln won an easy victory
• Won 212 out of 233 electoral voter
• Lincoln’s ability to unify the bitterly divided North helped the Union win
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New Birth of Freedom
• Emancipation Proclamation only freed slaves in Rebel held land
• What to do with slaves in border states?
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New Birth of Freedom
• Reintroduced in January 1865 after Lincoln’s reelection
• Amendment passed with 2 votes to spare
• Ratified the 13th Amendment, to end slavery
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The End of the War
• April 9, 1865 • Private home in
Virginia village called Appomattox Courthouse
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Appomattox
• Lee and Grant met to arrange surrender
• Grant paroled Lee’s soldiers and sent them home with personal possessions, horses, and 3 days worth of rations.
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Assassination of Lincoln
• Lincoln shot and killed 5 days after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox
• Shot at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, DC, while watching
• Our American Cousin with his wife
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Lincoln is assassinated
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Assassination of Lincoln
• Shot with a pistol in the back of the head by John Wilkes Booth
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John Wilkes Booth
• 26 year old actor and Southern sympathizer
• leaped from balcony to the stage
• spur caught on flag draped across box, landed hard on left leg, broke it
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Assassination of Lincoln
• Dr. Samuel Mudd, set Booth’s broken leg
• Mudd did not know Booth was an assassin
• Sent to Prison in Florida
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Assassination of Lincoln
• Union Cavalry Caught Booth
• 12 days later• Trapped him in a
tobacco shed, lit it on fire
• Booth refused to surrender, Union shot him and dragged body from shed
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Assassination of Lincoln
• Lincoln died 7:22 AM next morning, April 15, 1865
• 1st time US president assassinated
• Funeral train carried Lincoln’s body to his hometown of Springfield, Illinois
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Punishment of the killers and conspirators