September 3, 2015Turn in late vocab

Persia Video and Reading

Highlight and take GSPRITE notes

Geography

Social (underlined)

Political

Religion

Intellectual

Technology

Economics

September 4, 2015Greece GSPRITE notes

Athens vs. Sparta notes and chart

HW: Greece Map DUE TUESDAY

Ancient Greece500-323 B.C.E.

Greek geography

Greece is a mountainous peninsula with hundreds of islands in the Mediterranean Sea

Communities were isolated◦ Developed differently ◦ Fought frequently

No community is farther than 85 miles from coast = ?oEmphasis on navy and coastal

trade

Geography and Economics

oAdvanced navy and ships (Greeks skilled sailors)oTrade around Mediterranean

Geography and TechnologyTerraced farming

Geography and Politics•Small, isolated communities Polis (city-states)

•Acropolis was seat of religious temples and government

•Rest of city was built in the valley

•Landowning men held all the political power

Social Structure •Patrilineal

•Elite, landowning males were citizens

•Slaves made up ¾ of society

Unifying Force = Greek Culture

The Greeks were the original Olympiads.

Greek Religion•Polytheistic

•Based off a family of gods

•Each god represented a different aspect of life or nature

Intellectual Accomplishments

•Adopted and adapted Phoenician alphabet

•Word alphabet comes from the Greek letters alpha and beta

•Common language united the often divided Greeks

Greek Technology and ArchitectureGreeks invented arches and columns.

Greek Architecture

Greek TechnologyThe Greeks invented the crane

Greek MilitaryInvented the catapult

It could throw 300 pound stones at walls and buildings

Greek Military•Hoplite: a Greek infantry soldier

•Hoplites were middle-class freemen who had to pay for their own weapon and shield

•Lessened class divides because the everyday man could protect their city-state

Athens vs. Sparta

SpartaSpartan society valued bravery, strength, and soldiers

Boys were sent to military school at a young age.

Boys who are born deformed are left to die on mountainsides

Sparta•Rejected trade and other outside influence

•No emphasis on the arts or philosophy

Spartan Women•Spartan women expected to be healthy and strong

•Women were valued because they gave birth to soldiers

•When men were at war, women took over control

•More rights than many other Greek city-states

Spartan Govt.•Ruled by an oligarchy• A govt. ruled by a few

elite

•Had 2 kings and a council of elders

•Citizens were male, native-born Spartans over the age of 30

Spartan Military

Phalanx: military formation. Soldiers stood close together and created a pod with their shields, then attacked with 10 ft. long spears. Hard for opposition to infiltrate

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpLtXIlkyYA

Phalanx in movie Troy

Athens •Trade center that focused on individual thought, the arts, philosophy, and education

Political StructureDemocracy: Demos = people Kratos = power

Athens was a direct democracy where the citizens vote on everything. (citizens were male land-owners)

The U.S. today is a representative democracy, where we vote for representative who vote and make decisions for us.

Political StructureBasic principles of democracy founded in Athens:

•Majority Rule

•Civic Debate

•Impartial Juries

•Rule of Law

•Legislature (Council of 500)

Society Values•Well rounded education: reading, writing, poetry, music, public speaking

•Importance on arts and architecture

•Athens becomes cultural center of Greece

•Encouraged trade with other countries

•Welcomed new ideas

Women in Athens •No share in political life

•Essential to religious life

•Women managed the household

•Received no formal education

Aristotle said “ the man is by nature fitter for command than the female, just as an older person is superior to a younger, immature person”