turkish language reform and its results
DESCRIPTION
Turkish Language ReformTRANSCRIPT
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2008
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Lewis, The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success Uriel Heyd,
Language Reform in Modern Turkey, Agah Srr Levend, Trk
Dilinde Gelime ve Sadeleme Evreleri, ( pipi ). Joshua Fishman .
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1 Fishman, J., Language and Nationalism, in Stuart Woolf (ed.) Nationalism in Europe, 1815 to the
Present, A reader, Routledge, London and New York 1996, . 157. 2 Fishman, .pi., 157.
3 Fishman, .pi., . 159.
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8 Sadolu, H., Trkiyede Ulusuluk ve Dil Politikalar, ( ), stanbul Bilgi niversitesi Yaynlar, stanbul 2003, . 27-28. 9 Fishman, .pi., . 164.
10 Fishman, J. A., Language and Nationalism, Two Integrative Essays, Newbury House Publishers,
Massachusetts 1972, . 55. 11
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34 Encyclopdie de l Islam, tome X, livraison 175-176, Brill, Leiden 2001, . 744.
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pi pi
: 1) pi pi pi , pi.. pi yl sene (). 2) pi , pi.. pi
gzg ayna (pi). 3) pi , pi.. konuk misafir (pipi). 4) pi pi
110 Lewis, .pi., . 47.
111 Lewis, .pi., . 49.
112 Cagaptay S., Race, Assimilation and Kemalism: Turkish Nationalism and the Minorities in 1930s,
Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 40, No. 3, May 2004, . 91. 113
pi 1935 pi - (Osmanlca-Trke Cep Klavuzu), , pi pi . Cagaptay, .pi., . 91. 114
Lewis, .pi., . 50-51.
-
46
, pi.. ulus millet (), ata peder (pi). 5) pi pi, pi.. evirmek pi pi, pi
tercme etmek. 6) , pi.. demiryolu mendifer (). 7) pi , pi.. avukat advocate () okul cole (), pipi. 8) , pi.. pi basmevi matbaa (pi). 9) pi (pi.. aralksz muttasl pi ) pi pi (pi.. an hatra pi ) pi pi (grev vazife pi ).115
, pi pi pi.
pi pipi
pi pi pi
pi . pi pi pi
.116 pi
1930
, 117. pi pi
pi
pi pi pi , pi 1935
-.
115 Brendemoen, B., The Turkish Reform and Language Policy in Turkey, in Hazai G.(pi.) Handbuch
Der Trkischen Sprachwissenschaft, Wiesbaden 1990, . 468-471. 116
Cagaptay, .pi., . 91. 117
Lewis, .pi., . 53.
-
47
. (Gne-Dil Teorisi)
. pi
,
Hermann F. Kvergic pi
(La Psychologie de quelques lments des langues turques) pi pi pi pi pi
pi. 1935 pi pi
118. pi pi pi
pi , pi .119
pi , pi
pi pi pi ;, , pi pi ,
, pi pi pi pi
homo sapiens. pi pi
pi pi . pipi pi
pi pi, pi
. pi, pi
, pi .120
pi pi pi , pi
( , ), pi pi pi pi a, , !121
, pi pi .
, pi pi pi pi pi
, , , pi ,
pi pi pi pi pi.
118 Lewis, .pi. . 57.
119 Vryonis, S., The Turkish State and History, Clio Meets the Grey Wolf, Institute for Balkan Studies,
Thessaloniki 1991, . 79. 120
Vryonis, .pi., . 80. 121
Lewis, .pi., . 57.
-
48
: 1) , 2) , , pi pi pi pi , 3) pi pi pi , 4) , 5) , , , , pi, , , , , 6) , , , pi, , , pi, pipi, 7) , , 8) pi, , , 9) , .122
pi, pi pi pi
pi , pi
pi pi. pi a
8 21 , pi
168 . 8 -123
160 . 160 2 : pi
72 pi pi
2 pi (y, g, k, h) (v, b, m, p, f), 88 pi
2 pi (t, d, n, l, r) (s, , c, , z, j). pi pi pi pi pi , pi
pi pi.124
, pi
. 125, pi
pi pi pi pi
,
122 Levend, .pi., 433.
123 - ().
124 Vryonis, .pi., . 80-82.
125 pi pi pi
, , 1932. pi : 1) pi pi pi . pi pi pi pi . 2) . . , pi pi pi pi, pi , pi . 3) , pi pi pi , pi pi , , pi , pi . , , pi -. . Vryonis, .pi. . 70.
-
49
pi pi pi pi pi
. , pi ,
, pi
126.
pi (24 31 1936) pi brahim Necmi Dilmen. pipi pi god (), Gott () kut () . pi pi electric pi pi yaltrk ().127 pi pipi botanik bitki (), sosyal soy (). pi pi pi Ali usta!128
pipi pi pi
pi pi .
. pi pi pi
pi
pi pi. Mustafa Celaleddin Paa (1826-75), pi 129, (Les Turcs Anciens et Modernes), pi pi pi, . pi, -
pi pi ,
pi pi pi pi
pi.
, pi.. pi socit pi pi
sz (), domus pi pi dam
126 Vryonis, .pi. . 82.
127 Lewis, .pi., . 60.
128 pi pi , kr Haluk Akaln
(Zaman), 11.07.2005. 129
pi (Konstanty Borzecky)
-
50
(pi), columna pi kol (, pi). pi pi .130
Ahmet Cevat Emre (1876-1961) pi .
, Friedrich Giese -
pi pi pi. pi
131. pi, pi pi -
pi .
, pi pi
pi .132
pi Samih Rfat, pi pi
pi pi pi .
pi pi pi pi pi
. pi Mustafa Celaleddin Paa pi pi
pi , pi pi pi , Enver Celaleddin. 3
pi 1922, , Samih Rfat pi
. , pi
pi pi
. pi ,
, ,
(Trkede Tasrif-i Huruf Kanunlar ve Tekellmn Menei).133 , pi
. pi, pi
pi pi ,
pi pi pi
130 Aytrk, ., Turkish Linguists against the West: The Origins of Linguistic Nationalism in Atatrks
Turkey, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 40, No. 6, November 2004, . 8-10. 131
. pipi. 132
Aytrk, .pi., . 10-11. 133
Aytrk, .pi., . 12-13.
-
51
pi pi pi.
pi pi pi ,
pi pi pipi
pi pi pi pi
pi pi . , ,
pi , ,
pi pi pi.
, pi pi pi
pi . Samih Rfat
pi
, . , ,
1932.134
pipi pi
pi, pi pi
pi .
. pi
, Hasan Reit Tankut pi
pi pi
pi , pi pi pi pi
.135 pi, pi
, pi
. , pi .
pi 15 pi , 3
pi pipi , pi
134 Aytrk, .pi., . 14-15.
135 Vryonis, .pi., . 83-84.
-
52
pi pi pi136. pi
pipi :
pi pi, pipi
pi
pipi pi ,
, pi pi
. 137
pi pi pi
. pi pi , pi
pi pi pi
pi pi , .
pi,
, pi
.138 O O. F. Sertkaya pi pi
pi , , , .
pi pi pi
pi
pi.139
Atatrk pipi pi
pi .140
pi pi :
pi pi pi ,
pi pi pi ,
(Melahat) pi pi . pi
136 pi pi pi
, . nc Trk Dil Kurultay 1936: Tezler ve Zabtlar, Istanbul 1937, . 30-31. 137
pipi pi pi 31-8-1936, . 2. 138
Lewis, .pi., . 64-65. 139
Vryonis, .pi., . 87. 140
Lewis, .pi., . 67.
-
53
pi ,
pi
.141
, pi
pi pi . ,
pi pi pi pi pi
pi pi. pi
pi pi pi
, pi pi
pi .142
pi 1937
Atatrk. pi
pi Tankut, 1937, pi pi. pi
pi , pi
pi. pi, Atatrk
Kvergic. , pi Atatrk, Dilmen
pi pi :
Gne ldkten sonra, onun teorisi mi kalr? ( , pi ;).143
pi
pipi pi . pi
, , , ,
pi. pi pi pi
pi, pi pi 144
141 Mango, A., Atatrk, The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey, New York, 1999, . 513.
142 Lewis, .pi., . 68.
143 Lewis, .pi., . 72-73.
144 (Golden Age) pi pi Anthony Smith, pi
pi . pi pipi , pi pi pi pi , pi . . Smith, A., The Golden
-
54
pi pi. pi pi
pi pi . pi,
pi pi
pi pi pi pi.145
pi , .
pi pi pi ,
, pipi pi pi
pi.146
Age and National Renewal, in G. Hosking and G. Schpflin (eds.), Myths and Nationhood, Hurst & Company, London 1997, . 39. 145
Aytrk, .pi., . 18-19. 146
Vryonis, .pi., . 85.
-
55
5
pi pi pi
pi
. pi pi ,
1924 ( 2), pi . pi pi pi
pi . pi
pi pi
pi .
pipi pi
.147
pi pi
pi 3% pi pi 1927
, , pi ,
pi pi 97% pi
pi . ,
, , , , , .148
, pi pi ,
pi pi pi
. pi
pi pi.
pi, pi pi pi
pi pi pi
pi pi pi .
147 Sadolu, H., Trkiyede Ulusuluk ve Dil Politikalar, (
), stanbul Bilgi niversitesi Yaynlar, stanbul 2003, . 275-277. 148
Sadolu, .pi., . 277
-
56
pi
. 13
1928 pi
pipi pi
.
pi pi ,
. pi pi
pi, pi :
pi ! pi,
!. , , ,
.149 pi
, pi .
pi pi,
pi
. pi pi,
pi pi pi pi, pi
pi .150 , pi pi
pi
.151
, pi pi pi
pi pipi pi
pi.
pi ,
. , 1928 Tekin
Alp pi (Trkletirme), pi pi : 1. pi ,
149 Yldz, A., Ne Mutlu Trkm Diyebilene: Trk Ulusal Kimliinin Etno-sekler Snrlar (1919-1938),
letiim Yaynlar, stanbul 2001, . 287. 150
Sadolu, .pi., . 283-284. 151
Yldz, .pi., . 287.
-
57
2. , 3. pi
pi , 4. pi , 5. pi
, 6. pi, 7. ,
8. pi , 9. pi
pi , 10. .152
pi pi Avram
Galanti. Galanti, pi
. , pi pipi
pi .
. pi pi pipi
pi pi
.153 , Galanti pi pi
, pipi
pi
pipi pi .154
pi pi pi pi
pi pi
. , pi pi
, pi .
,
pi pi pi
. pi pi
, pi pi pi
. pi
pi pi
pi .
152 Sadolu, .pi., . 284 Yldz, .pi., . 268.
153 Sadolu, .pi., . 285.
154 Yldz, .pi. . 288.
-
58
1930 pi
pi. pipi
pi pi , pi pipi
pi .
pi : pi
pi , pi
, pipi
pi pi, pi
pi pi pi
pi, pi
pi pi
pi ,
pi pi , pi
pi , ,
pi ,
pi , , , , , ,
, , pi
pi pi
pi .155
pi pi 1931-
32, pi pi , .
Soner Cagaptay, pi
pi pi pi
pi pi pi
pi pi
pi. pi
155 Yldz, .pi. . 289.
-
59
pi.156
Emanuel Sidi,
1932:
pi pi pi pi pi
, pi pi ... pi
. pi
: pi pi pi
, pi pi
157, pi pi . pi
pi pipi .158
pi , pi pi pi pi
pipi
pi. , Ruen Eref, pi
, pi pi , pi
,
, pi
pi pi . pi eref Aykut
pi pipi
pi pipi . pi
pipi . pi
, pi , , , ,
, pi pi, pipi
.159
pi pi pi
pi . ,
, , pi
156 Cagaptay, S., Islam, Secularism, and Nationalism in Modern Turkey, Who is a Turk?, Routledge,
London and New York 2006, . 57-58. 157
. 158
Cagaptay, .pi., . 58. 159
Cagaptay, .pi., . 58-59.
-
60
pi . pi
pi pi pi pi, pi
pipi pi pi .160
1935 pi pi . smet nn
pipi
pi pi
pi. pi pi . ,
(Trk Milli Talebe Birlii) pi pi . pi pi pi
pi . ,
pi
pi pi . pi
pi pi pi pi, pi..
La Rpublique pi pi
. pi
pi pi.161
pi
. pi, pi, 1927 84%
pi pi-, 1935
pi 54%. , pi pi
pi 63% 1945 71%
1965. pi, pi 1935 pi pi-
.162
pi , pi
pi . 21 1934
2741, pi.
160 Cagaptay, .pi., . 59.
161 Cagaptay, .pi., . 59-60.
162 Cagaptay, .pi., . 59-60.
-
61
pi pi pi
, pi
pi.
pi pi Refet Bele .
pi pi pi
. pi ,
pi Kaya pi pi
pipi , pi pi.163
pi pi pi pi pi pi
pi , pi
pi pi pi pi
.
pi
. pi pi pi
pi, pi pi pi.
pi pi
pi. pi , pi
pipi , pi
, pi .
pi 20 1934, ,
, , , , , pi, , , , pi164
pi . pi pi pi
pipipi , pi Arnavutolu Krtolu, pi
pi pi erkez Hasanolu Bonak brahimolu.165 , ,
pi pi , , ,
163 Cagaptay, .pi., . 59-60.
164 yan, of, ef, vi, is, dis, pulos, aki, zade, mahdumu, veled, bin
165 Yldz, .pi., . 236.
-
62
pi. pi pi
pi pipi pi pi
pi
.166 pi pi Soner Cagaptay, pi pi
pi pipi ,
pi 1930.
pi
pi.167
pi pi ,
-pi .
, pipi pi
pi pi .
pi pi: pi pi
pi pi, pi
pipi .168
166 Cagaptay, .pi., . 61-62.
167 Cagaptay, .pi., . 64.
168 Yldz, .pi., . 290.
-
63
6
pi 1930
. pi pi
smet nn pi pi
. , pi
pi pi-
pi pi pi pi
pi. pi pi pi .
pi 1876 1937 pi Tekilat-i Esasiye
pi Esas Tekilat Kanunu. 1945
Anayasa.169
Karpat, pi
, pi pi
1940 pi . ,
pi : pi
pi pi
.170
, pi
pipi
1940 pi pi
pi pi pi. ,
. pi, Vatan pi
169 Karpat, K. H., Studies on Turkish Politics and Society, Selected Articles and Essays, Brill, Leiden-
Boston 2004, . 459. 170
Karpat, .pi., . 459-460.
-
64
pi .171 1946
(Muallimler Birlii) pi pipi pi 1948 pipi
pipi pi pi .172
pi 1949 (Hr Fikirleri Yayma Cemiyeti) pi pi pi , pipi pi pi
pi pi pi pi
.173
pi
1940.
pi pi pi
pi , pi .174
pi, 6 pi
1949, pi Hseyin Cahit Yaln, pi
pi .175
Heyd, pi
pipi. , pi pi
pi pi pi pi .
pi pi pi
pipi .176 pi,
pi pi
pi pi .
, pi .
171 Landau, J. M., The First Turkish Language Congress, in J. A. Fishman (ed.) The Earliest of Language
Planning, The First Congress Phenomenon, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin-New York 1993, . 286. 172
Heyd, U., Language Reform in Modern Turkey, The Israel Oriental Society, Jerusalem 1954, . 44. 173
Heyd, .pi., . 44-45. 174
Karpat, .pi., . 460. 175
Landau, .pi., . 286. 176
Heyd, .pi., . 45-46.
-
65
pi pipi
pi . ,
pi , -, ,
. , pi pi pi
pi pi pi : pi
, pi pi .
pi pi (pi pi ) pi . pi pi
pi.177
1950
. 1951
pi pipi pi pi
pi pi pi .178 ,
, pi
pipi pi 1951 pi pi ( pipi, , ) pi pi pi.179 pi pi pi. pipi pi
pi pi
pi pi. pi pi
pi pi pi
, . pi
pi pi pi .180
177 Heyd, .pi., . 46-47.
178 pi pi .
, pi 22 pi . . Heyd, .pi., . 49. 179
Heyd, .pi., . 49-50. 180
Heyd, .pi., . 50.
-
66
pi, pi pi pi , pi 50.000
10.000 . 181
pi pi pi
pi , pi ,
pi pi pi
. , Bakanlk (pi) Vekalet, Salk ve Sosyal Yardm ( ) Shhat ve timai Muavenet, Savunma () Mdafaa, Savc () Mddei-i Umumi.182
1960 pipi
. , pipi pi
. pi, pi
pi pi pi
.183 smet nn, pi pipi pi 1962-65,
pi pi
pi. , pi
. , 1965 pi
, pi
pi pi pi pi
. pi pi
pi pipi pi pi pi
. , pi
pi pi pi, pi
pi pi : pi
pi pi pi pi pi .184
181 Lewis, .pi., . 156. pi pi pi
pi pi . . Heyd, .pi., . 51. 182
Lewis, .pi., . 156. 183
Lewis, .pi., .157. 184
Lewis, .pi., . 159-160.
-
67
1965 pipi pi
pi pipi .185
pi 900 pi
. 1960,
pi pi pi pi
pi pi .186
pi pi
pi pi
pipi . ,
pipi pi
pi
. pi, pi pi
. ,
- pipi pi
pi pi , pi
pi, pi hrriyet () millet () pi pi zgrlk ulus .
,
, pi pi pi
pi. pipi, pi
pipi pi
pi
. pi pi pi
pi pi
pipi pi.
185 Zrcher, Erik J., , : , . ,
2004, . 328-329. 186
Karpat, .pi., . 461.
-
68
1960 1970 pi pi
pi
(Trk Kltrn Aratrma Enstits) pi 1961. 1966-68, , (Trk Dili in), pi pi . : 1) pi pi pi.
, pi pi . 2) pi pi,
pi pipi . 3) , , pi
, pi pi pi . 4) pi pi
.187 pi .
, pi , pi pi
Trk Dili pi pi pi pi -,
pi
. pi pi pi
pi pi pi
pi pi
, . , pi
pi pi pi .188
pi pi Nihad Sami
Banarl. pi 1972,
uydurmaclar (= pi pi ) . pi, Banarl
187 Brendemoen, .pi., . 464.
188 Karpat, .pi., . 461-462.
-
69
rnek (pi) rnein (pi ). rnek pi pi orinag,
pi. rnein189 pi
pi , pi pi
rnek pi pi ,
pi uydurmaclar pi pipi pi
pi mesela (pi ).190
pi 1970, pi 1973-
74 1978-79, pipi Blent Ecevit, pi pi
. pi
, pi pi
. .191
1978 ,
pi .
pi pipi pi
pi pi .192
pi pi
pi . , pi
pipi pi , pi
. pi , pi pi
pi
pi .
pi pi pi , pi
pi , pi pi
pi : 1945, 1924
189 pi orinag-imn (orinagin). . Banarl, N. S., Trkenin Srlar, (
), Kubbealt Neriyat, stanbul 2004, . 162 190
Banarl, .pi., . 158-162. 191
Lewis, .pi., . 161. 192
Karpat, .pi., . 463.
-
70
pi , , 1952, pi
1924. pipi 1961 pi
, 1982.193
1980 pi
. 1980
pi (SSAV). pi
. pi
1983, ,
(Atatrk Kltr Dil ve Tarih Yksek Kurumu), pi pi
.194 pipi , pipi pipi
, Adnan Orel, , pi
pi pi pi ,
( ) pi pi pipi .195
pipi, pi
pi pi pi pi
.
pi , pi .196
pi,
pi pi
.197
1985 pi pi
, Dil Dernei, pi
193 Boeschoten, H., The Turkish Language Reform forced into stagnation, in Michael Clyne (ed.)
Undoing and Redoing Corpus Planning, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin-NewYork 1997, . 361-362. 194
Boeschoten, .pi., . 367 Lewis, .pi., . 162. 195
Lewis, .pi., . 162-163. 196
. 197
Boeschoten, .pi., . 367.
-
71
pi . pi pi
pi pi pi pi.198
, pi pi
pi, Dil Dernei pi o belge, faks
pi .199
pi 1990 pi
(Birinci Trk Dili Kurultay) pi pi pipi 1932 pi
.200 pi
pi , ,
pipi . pi
1932 pipi ,
pi pi pi.201
pi pi
. pi pi
pi pi
pi . pi pi
pi ,
pi pi
19 202 20 .
, 1983, pi pi
pi pi
.203 1994, pi
() pi
198 Lewis, .pi., . 164.
199 . www.dildernegi.org.tr .
200 Lewis, .pi., . 164.
201 Landau, .pi., . 287.
202 Lewis, .pi., . 134.
203 Lewis, .pi., . 133.
-
72
pi Trk Dili.204 1995 pi
pi
pi : pi pi pi
pi. pi pi , pi elektrik,
atom, demokrasi, . pi
pi ,
, pi kural (), nem (), bamszlk ().205
pipi pi
,
pi pi
pi. , Lewis pi pipi
, pi
pi pi pi .206
, Boeschoten,
. pi pi pi pi
pi pi
pi . pi , pi pi
pi , pipi pi pi
. , pi pi pi
pi .207
204 Lewis, .pi., . 164 Boeschoten, .pi., . 371.
205 Lewis, .pi., . 166.
206 Lewis, .pi., . 166-167.
207 Boeschoten, .pi., . 371.
-
73
pi
pi pipi pi
pi pi
.
, pipi pi
,
, pi
pi pi .
, pipi pi
pi .
, pi pi pi
pi pi pi, pi
. pi
pi pi pi . ,
.
,
pi, pi pipi pi
pi .
pi pi pi pi
pi pi pi pi. ,
, pi
.
pi pi pi
pi , pi pi pi
,
. pi , pi
-
74
pi , pi pi
pi pi pi
pi.
pi pi
pi. pi ,
pi , pi
pi .
pi ,
pi pi pi .
pi pi pi
pi, pi, ,
, pi
pi , .
, pi pi Lewis, pi pipi
pi pi
. pi, uygarlk
medeniyet. , pi, pi
: pi pi pi
pi pi medeniyet, uygarlk
pi : pi pi.208
pi
pi pi pi
19 pi, pi pi pi
. pi pi pi
pi pi pi pipi
, pi pi . pi
, pi pi pi
208 Lewis, .pi., . 150-151.
-
75
pi pi
pi pi. pi,
.
pi pi pi 1930, .
pipi , pi . pi
pi
pi . pi
pi, pi pi ,
-. pi
, pi
pi , pi
. - pi pi, pi
pi pi , .
,
pi pi . - pi
,
pi pi. , - pi
, pi pi ,
pi
pi
pi
. pi pi (status) pi pi pi pi
. pi ,
pi
pi . pi
.
, 1920 1930,
-
76
pi, pi pi
, pi pi
: pi pipi pi , pi
pi, pipi pi pi
pi . , pi pi
pi pi
pi .
pi
pi pi . pi
pi . pi
pi pi . pi
pi . ,
pi pi pi:
pipi pi pi pi
pi .
pi pi
pi pi. pi . pi
pi , pipi pi
pi .
, 1940 pi pi
pi ,
. 1950 pi pi
, pi
pi. pi, pi
.
, pi pi pipi
, pi
-
77
pi .
. pi
pi
pi pi -
pi . , pi pi pipi
pi pi pi pi,
pi pi
pi, pi pi
.
-
78
-
79
(elif) A a (a) (be) B b (be) (pe) C c (ce) (te) (e) (se) D d (de) (cim) E e (e) (im) F f (fe) (ha) G g (ge) (h) (yumuak ge) (dal) H h (he) (zal) I () (re) i (i) (ze) J j (j) (je) K k (ke) (sin) L l (le) (in) M m (me) (sad) N n (ne) (zad) O o (o) (t) () (z) P p (pe) (ain) R r (re) (gain) S s (se) (fe) (e) (kaf) T t (te) (kef) U u (u) (lam) () (mim) V v (ve) (nun) Y y (ye) (vav) Z z (ze) c (he) (ye)
pi .
-
80
Namk Kemal
Ziya Gkalp
-
81
pi L'Illustration (13-10-1928) Mustafa Kemal Atatrk pi Sivas, 20 pi 1928.
-
82
Mustafa Kemal Atatrk pi pi . pi Kadky, pi.
-
83
pi pi , . (: Williams, Maynard Owen, Turkey Goes to School, The National Geographic Magazine, Vol. LV, No. 1, January 1929).
-
84
(: Williams, Maynard Owen, Turkey Goes to School, The National Geographic Magazine, Vol. LV, No. 1, January 1929).
-
85
Mustafa Kemal Atatrk pi (, 4 1933)
.
-
86
lkesinin, yksek istiklalini korumasn bilen Trk milleti dilini de yabanc dillerin boyunduruundan kurtarmaldr. Gazi M. Kemal ( pi , pipi pi . . )
-
87
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Abstract
The aim of this masters thesis is to follow the steps of the Language Reform in Turkey
and to evaluate its results. At first, we examine the relationship of language and
nationalism. Then, after making a brief reference to the history of Turkish language we
talk about the developments in the language issue during 19th and early 20th centuries,
when the intellectuals stress the need for change and simplification in language. We
refer in length to the Language Reform which took place in 1928-1938: the change of
the script (1928-1930), the period of purification in language (1932-1936) and the Sun-Language Theory (1936-1938). Following, we examine the language policies, especially the language prohibitions which took place during the same period, in
relation to their impact on the non-Turkish speaking minorities of Turkey. Finally, we
concentrate on the impact of the political developments in modern Turkey on the course
of the Language Reform until today and on the points of criticism for language policy
implementations of the past.