Introduction of A.Klyosov's method of tracing lineages drastically changed the face and direction of genetic studies, forcing genetic analysis to a new grade. Many pre-2012 studies lost validity of their conclusions and were reduced to statistical reports of uneven quality. The correlation between anthro- pological and genetical make-up is determined by genetic process.

Our appearance is created by recombination of maternal and paternal genes. We look as our parents, ortheir combination, and pass that along. Our mamas looked as selected by generations of their papas, and our papas look like selected by generations of their mothers. The maternal mtDNA is quite stable, mutations are rare and far between, they are not practical for dating purposes. The paternal Y-DNA is dynamic, mutations occur about once in 5 generations. The quick pace of changes in Y-DNA allows to date mutations, and build genetical graphs that reflect splitting of genetic lines. Y-DNA is no good as a marker of appearance, people of most different looks may carry the same paternal Y-gene, a gene that is held by some to be a marker of Caucasoidness (mislabeled as Europoidness and even as Indo-Euro- poidness) can be encountered among typical Africans or typical Mongloloids, without any outer trace of Caucasoid forefather. Population genetics looks for analogies and their locations, correlating individuals with statistical data base for different populations. Each location has a value for the diversity, with the highest diversity value taken as a place of origination. Thus, a variety of a haplogroup with an origin in one place may show up in quite another place, pointing to migration, and low diversity and high preva- lence of a haplogroup indicates migration of a genetically cohesive group to a remote location. Other than the origin of forefathers, the Y-haplogroup does not carry any information on the race, language, and culture of individuals, they have to be identified by other disciplines.

Global Picture - GeneticsChikisheva T. Anthropological differentiation in S.-W. Siberian populationKlyosov A. Türkic Y-DNA genealogyKlyosov A. The 3 R's in R1 HaplogroupKlyosov A. R1b Y-DNA HistoryKlyosov A. R1a Y-DNA in AltaiKlyosov A. R1a Y-DNA - AryansCavalli-Sforza GENETIC MAPGenetics: Blood TypesGenetics: Lingo-Ethnical TreeTürkic and European Genetic distanceMcDonald J.D. DNA mapsTürkic GeneticsTürkic Genetic ChartsEupedia - Maps of Neolithic and Bronze Age migrations in Europe and the Near East

Ancient Nomads – GeneticsCentral Asians' mtDNA Genetics 14 - 1 cc. BC => 50% W.Eurasian, 43% E.Eurasian, 7% IndianSibirian Kurgan Y- and mt-DNA => neither statistics, nor Iranians, but enough TürksSarmatian mtDNA 6 c. BC-2 c. AD => 1 W.Eurasian, 1 Turkic mamas, papas later1. Pazyryk mtDNA Genetics 4-2 c. BC => Mansi, Tuva, and Kazakh Scythian mamas2. Pazyryk mtDNA Genetics 4-2 c. BC => Paleo-Sibirian and Altaian Scythian mamas3. Modern Türks of Pazyryk Descent => N. Altaians, Teleuts, Shors4. Scytho-Siberian mtDNA genetics Altai 5th cc. BC => Paleo-Sibirian and Asiatic

1. Eastern Hun Genetics 3 c. BC - 1c. AD => CA/NEA papas and Tungus mama 2. Eastern Hun Genetics 3 c. BC => Turkish mamas and papas3. Eastern Hun Y-DNA Genetics ca. 0 AD => Sakha-Yakut papas4. Eastern Hun mtDNA Genetics 5 and 1cc. BC => 1/2 Portugese 1/2 Turkic mamas

Vikings - Scandinavian Huns (David K. Faux)Modern Uigur Y-DNA => carrying Y-DNA from Huns to Anatolia Tarim genetics, Uigurs, and IE exuberance => Mallory/Mair/Barber/Anthony et al. Tele Oguses - Andronov 15-10 cc BC and Tagar => Caucaso-Mongoloids and blue eyesTele Oguses - Andronov 15-10 cc BC and Tagar => Mixed Caucaso-Mongoloids

Ethnic Affiliation ScythiansKisamov N. Facts against Scytho-Iranian Theory

Ancient Nomads – CraniologyGazimzyanov Physical anthropology from Huns to present Itil BulgarsTikhonov Scythians 7 c. BCIsmagulov O. Andronovo, Bonze Age, Saka, Üsüns and Türkic peopleYablonsky L.T. Burial place of a Massagetan warrior 8-7 c. BCCoon C.S. Craniology And HistoryCoon C.S. Corded Culture - Altaic RootsYablonsky L.T. Kelteminar Craniology ()Kim A.R. Tele (Teleut) CraniologyYablonsky L.T. Tracing Huns from East to West Yablonsky L.T. Paleoanthropology of Southern Urals population in Late Sarmat timeCaucasus Anthropological Types

Ancient Nomads – DentistryAncient Nomads - DentistryYablonsky L.T. Paleoanthropology of Southern Urals population in Late Sarmat time

PerspectivesOssetian Genetics => Digorians ~ Adygs, Ironians ~ Georgians with mamas 12-31% PersianEtruscan Genetics => 45% Türkic, 35% Basque, and 20% N AfricanAmerind GeneticsTeleut Y-DNAChuvash Genetics

source : http://s155239215.onlinehome.us/turkic/60_Genetics/ContentsTurkicGenetics.htm

Klyosov A. Türkic DNA genealogyAlinei M. Kurgan Culture MesolithStearns P.N. Zhou SynopsisOgur and Oguz

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