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\TW@ HDWKC

Nodc9

  Mtw`jk W`pkm|` #6317<<675)

Htckhhkl @{gko B`okpkm` #6317<<7;;)

TM@RDWQ@\KQ MDEDW@ QTWKGKPK

BKJTO\KQ HK\DHK\@JK LKM @OHT VDMED\KCTKM KOKH

ITWTQKM G@NONE@

76;6

Qdqgkm`k ewkml`bonwk

8/9/2019 TURI MERAH (Sesbania Grandiflora

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# Gtmek \tw`)

Jkokt nwkme pkme cng`mpk gdwgtwt hkjkmkm pkme dmkj lkm odyk| kvkoke`

hkjkmkm jckq lkdwkc @mlnmdq`k pkme hkmk mdekwk ok`m |`lkj hdhvtmpk`/ vkq|`

kjkm hdmithvk` qkokc qk|t hkjkmkm |wkl`q`nmko pkme mkhkmpk qtlkc |kj kq`me

oke` lkm l`jnmqnhq` gkmpkj nwkme htok` lkw` nwkme h`qj`m qkhvk` jkpk/ wkjpk|

qkhvk` vwdq`ldm/ q`quk qkhvk` etwt/ htlk qkhvk` |tk/ |kj ok`m hkjkmkm |dwqdgt|

klkokc ‟Vdado‘/ ldmekm qkhgko jkakmempk pkme jckq lkm |dm|t qkik qkptw(

qkptwkmpk pkme gde`|t gkmpkj wkekhmpk- Qkokc qk|t qkptw vdado klkokc |thgtckm

pkme |kj kq`me oke` mkhkmpk p`|t ‟ \tw` Hdwkc‘-

Jokq`b`jkq` 9

J`melnh 9 Vokm|kd

L`r`q`n 9Qvdwhk|nvcp|k

Qtg L`r`q`n 9 Kme`nqvdwhkd

Aokqq 9 L`an|podlnmdkd

Qtg aokqq 9 L`kopvd|kokd

Nwln 9 Wnqkodq

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Bkh`o` 9 Vkv`oo`nmkadkd(Odeth`mnqkd

Edmtq 9 Qdqgkm`k

Qvdq`dq 9 Qdqgkm`k ewkml`bonwk

J@MELNH 9 VOKM\KD

L@R@Q@N 9 QVDWHK\CNVP\K . KM\CNVCP\K

Kok| vdwjdhgkmeg`kjkm edmdwk|`rd gdwtvk g`i`/ odhgkekmpk gdwjt|tg ltk- Jt|tg

pkme qk|t hdhgdm|tj gk|kme lkm lktm qdlkmejkm jt|tg pkme ok`m hdhgdm|tj 

kjkw-

Qtg L`r`qn Kme`nqvdwhkd #\thgtckm gdwg`i` |dw|t|tv)

A`w` ‑ a`w`

(  Gtmek 9 Klk gtmek qdqtmeetcmpk- Ikwkj ukj|t km|kwk vdmpdwgtjkm lkm

 vdhgtkckm wdok|`rd vdmldj- \dwikl` vdhgtkckm ekmlk

(  Lktm 9 v`vc/ odgkw ldmekm qtqtmkm |tokme lktm pkme gdwkmdjk wkekh/

hdmikl`h hdmp`w`v/ qdikikw 

( G`i` lkm

Gkjko g`i` 9 |dwo`mltme nodc lktm gktc

(  Gtkc 9 |dwlkvk| gdwhkakh ‑ hkakh gtkc: gtkc qdht/ gtkc gth`/ gtkc gk|t/ gtkc vdw`tj loq

( Kjkw 9 l`jn|`o gdwkjkw |tmeekme

Aokqq L`an|podlnmdkd #g`i` gdwjdv`me ltk g`i` gdokc)

Qtg Aokqq : L`kopvd|kokd #hkcjn|k gtmek odvkq. |`lkj hdmpk|t)

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Nwln 9 Wnqkodq

Bkh`o`k 9 Vkv`o`nmkadkd ( Odeth`mnqkd

Qtjt jkakme jkakmekm #Vkv`o`nmkadkd)

Hkcjn|k gtmek gdwgdm|tj jtvt jtvt lkm |dwl`w` k|kq 4 lktm gtmek-Qk|t

odhgkw gdqkw l`qdgt| gdmldwk- Ltk l` jkmkm lkm l`j`w` l`qdgt| qkpkv- Ltk oke`

 gdwldjk|kml`qdgt||tmkq-

Gdwtvk |dwmk/ qdhkj/ vdwlt/ k|kt vncnm ldmekm lktm |tmeeko k|kt hkidhtj-

Gtmek gkma`/ y`enhnwb/ jdonvkj gdwg`okmekm o`hk/ vklk vkmejko gdwodjk|km- Gtkc

 gdwtvk gtkc vnonme pkme g`ok hkqkj hdmikl` jdw`me lkm vdakc/ |d|kv` klk itek

pkme |`lkj vdakc hdok`mjkm |dwvt|tq(vt|tq lkokh gke`km pkme gdw`q` qk|t g`i`- G`i`

|kmvk k|kt ldmekm qdl`j`| dmlnqvdwh- Aklkmekm hkjkmkm tm|tj odhgkek |dwt|khk

|dwq`hvkm lkokh lktm odhgkekmpk- L` km|kwk kmeen|kmpk gkmpkj hdmikl`

jnhnl`|` pkme gdwckwek/ hdwtvkjkm gkckm vkmekm ldmekm jkmltmekm |`mee` kjkm

 vwn|d`m/ odhkj/ lkm r`|kh`m(r`|kh`m lkokh gi`mpk- Vnonme pkme htlk/ itek lktm

htlk qvdq`dq |dw|dm|t gkmpkj l`ikl`jkm qdgkek` qkptwkm-

Edmtq 9 Qdqgkm`k

Qvdq`dq 9 Qdqgkm`k ewkml`bonwk

Ldqjw`vq` 9

Vncnm jtwtq gdwthtw vdmldj/ |`mee` 4(;7 h/ wkm| me jdwkvjko

hdmeekm|tme- Jto`| otkw gdwukwmk jdokgt c`meek jdanjok|km/ |`lkj wk|k/ ldmekm

kotw hdhgtitw lkm hdo`m|kme |`lkj gdwk|twkm/ okv`qkm ekgtq htlkc |dwjdotvkq- L`

 gke`km lkokh gdwk`w lkm qdl`j`| gdwodml`w Vdwakgkmekm gkwt jdotkw qd|dokc |`mee`

|kmkhkm qdj`|kw 4 h-

LKTM

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Lktm hkidhtj hdmp`w`v ekqko gdwkmkj lktm edmkv pkme gdwvkqkmekm/

od|kjmpk |dwqdgkw: |kmejk` lktm gtok|/ v » ; ‑ < ah/ wkjc`q v » 1 ‑ ;3 ah/

 vd|`nonotq v » 6/; ah: vkmejko lktm |thvto/ cdok`km kmkj lktm gdwgdm|tj inwnme

hdhkmikme/ vkmikme ; ‑ 7 ah s odgkw 6/4 ‑ ; ah/ |dv` wk|k/ titme hdhgtok|/

 vdw|tokmekm hdmp`w`v ‑ hdmikok/ vdwhtjkkm k|kq lkm gkukc o`a`m/ ukwmk c`ikt |tk/

lke`me lktm qdvdw|` jdw|kq-

GTMEK

Hdwtvkjkm gtmek hkidhtj ldmekm jkwkmekm gtmek gdwgdm|tj |kmlkm

#wdadhtq)/ vdhgtmekkm |kmlkm |dwlkvk| l`jd|`kj lktm |dwl`w` lkw` 7(<

 gtmek/ gtmek klk pkme gdwukwmk vt|`c/ jdjtm`mekm/ hdwkc lkm hdwkc htlk- Lkm

|dwhkqtj jdlkokh gtmek g`qdstko`q- Vdwc`kqkm gtmek |dwl`w` lkw` akops 4 qdvko

 gdwqk|t gdwukwmk c`ikt/ lkm anwnook 4 vd|ko pkme qko`me odvkq/ ; vd|ko pkme gdqkw 

l qdgt| gdmldwk k|kt rds oth/ 7 qkpkv k|kt kok lkm l`gke`km gkukcmpk

|dwlkvk| ltk lktm hkcjn|k pkme qko`me gdwodjk|km pkme l`qdgt| akw`mk #otmkq)-

Gdmkme qkw` gdwithokc ;6 gtkc/ 0 gdwqk|t lkm qk|t odvkq #l`kldvtq) qkhk vkmikme/

 v`q|`oth ; gtkc ldmekm od|kj nrkw`th qtvdwth/ |dwl`w` lkw` ; onatotq ; akwvdoth/

 ithokc nrtoth g`qk qk|t qkhvk` gkmpkj nrtoth ldmekm od|kj nrtoth vkw`d|ko`q-

GTKC

Gtkc gdm|tj vnonme pkme hdmeekm|tme/ gdwgdm|tj v`|k ldmekm qdjk| km|kwk/

 vkmikme 7(44 ah/ odgkw 5(3 hh-

G@I@

G`i` ;4(46/ od|kj hdo`m|kme l` lkokh vnonme/ gdwjdv`me ltk-

KJKW 

Kjkwmpk gdwg`m|`o(g`m|`o/ gdw`q` gkj|dw` pkme lkvk| hdhkmbkk|jkm m`|wnedm/qdc`meek g`qk hdmptgtwjkm |kmkc-

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Kmk|nh` Gk|kme

Gk|kme htlk

Ldqjw`vq`

Dv`ldwh`q/ |dwl`w` lkw` qk|t okv`q qdo pkme hdhvtmpk` gdm|tj pkme ckhv`w 

qkhk- Lkdwkc jnw|djq/ |dwl`w` lkw` qdo(qdo vkwdmj`h/ lkdwkc qdhv`|- Gdwjkq

 vdhgtot/ |`vd g`jnok|dwko#bondh/ s`odh/ bondh)/ |dwqdgkw/ gdoth hdwkvk|- Dhvtotw/

|dwl`w` lkw` qdo(qdo vkwdmj`h-

|wkjdk

bondh

Lkdwkc

dhvtotw 

Ldwkc

jnw|djqdv`ldwh`q

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Gk|kme |tk

dv`ldwh`q

jnw|djq

bondh

s`odh

Ikw`(ikw`

dhvtotw 

dhvtotw 

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Ldqjw`vq`

Dv`ldwh`q/ |dwl`w` lkw` qk|t okv`q qdo- Jnw|djq/ gdw`q`jkm qddo(qdo vkwdmj`h/

lkdwkc qdhv`|- Gdwjkq vdhgtot qtlkc hdwkvk| lkm gkmpkj/ hdo mejkw/ |`vd

 g`jnok|dokw/ |wkjdk |dwo`ck| qdhkj`m gkmpkj- Ikw`(ikw` dhvtotw/ |dwl`w` lkw` qdo(qdo

 vkwdmj`h lkm |dwo`ck| ldmekm idokq- Dhvtotw/ gdw`q`jkm qdo(qdo vkwdmj`h-

Kmk|nh` Kjkw

 vdw`ldwh

jnw|djqBondh qdjtmldw 

jkhg`th

Spodh

 vw`hdw 

Spodh

qdjtmldw 

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Ldqjw`vq`

Vklk vdmkhvkme hdo`m|kme kjkw l` k|kq hdmtmitjjkm kjkw qdjtmldw pkme

|dwl`w` lkw`9Vdw`ldwh/ okv`qkm qdo pkme |kj |dwk|tw pkme hdmeekm|`jkm dv`ldwh`q/

|dwgdm|tj lkw` bdonedm- Jnw|djq/ gdw`q` qdo(qdo vkwdmj`h lkm qdo(qdo qjodwdmj`h-

Gdwjkq vdhgtotc/ |`vd wkl`ko jnmqdm|w`q/ vno`kwjc/ bondh qdjtmldw hdmekwkc jd

kwkc otkw/ s`odh qdjtmldw hdmekwkc jdkwkc vtqk| kjkw/ jkhg`th hdo mejkw/

 gkek`km vtqk| kjkw gdw`q`jkm s`odh vw`hdw-

GTJ\@ \KJQNMNH@

VNOODM

Ldqjw`vq` 9

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k) \`vd vnoodm vklk \tw` Hdwkc klkokc \w`ynmnanovk|d-

 g) Gdm|tj vnoodm 9 a`watokw 

a) Ithokc adokc 9 1

l) Vnw` 9 klk

Vdw|thgtckm Gtotc Qdwgtj Qkw`

Idm`q

okwt|km

Ukj|t Gkmpkj pkme

|thgtc

Vklk okvkme

 vkmlkme

Eotjnqk ;5 hdm`|

40 ld|`j 

2 ;;1

Akhvtwkm ;5 hdm`|

40 ld|`j 

;2 5<

Jdadvk|km vdw|thgtckm gtotc qdwgtj vklk hdl`k 9

k- Eotjnqk 8 2.;;1 8 6/6416051 gt|`w.hdm`|

  g- Akhvtwkm 8 ;2.5< 8 6/7;27;27 gt|`w.hdm`|

Gtotc qdwgtj qkw`

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Ekhgkw gtotc qdwgtj qkw` vklk okwt|km eotjnqk

 

Ekhgkw gtotc qdwgtj qkw` vklk okwt|km akhvtwkm

\tw`#Qdqgkm`k ewkml`bonwk)#O-) Hdwtvkjkm |kmkhkm qdidm`q vdvncnmkm

 gkmpkj l`ithvk` l`vdldqkkm/ l`|kmkh l` vdhk|kme/ vdjkwkmekm/ v`mee`w ikokm/

 g`kqk l`vkjk` qdgkek` vkekw c`ltv jdgtm/ vdjkwkmekm itek l`vkjk` qdgkek` vncnm

  vdo`mltme- \tw |thgtc lkw` ;76 qkhvk` ;466 hd|dw l`k|kq vdwhtjkkm okt|/

 gdwgk|kme wkv`me hdhvtmpk` thtw 1 qkhvk` 4 |kctm- \thgtc gdwjd|`mee`km 1

qkhvk` ;7 h- Wkm|`me odm|tw hdmitotw qkk| gdwgtmek lkm gdwgtkc/ gdwjto`| jkqkw 

hdhvtmpk` kotw wd|kj wd|kj gdwk`w lkm gdwodml`w- Vncnm |tw` |thgtc odgk| qd|dokc

hdhvtmpk` jd|`mee`km 1 hd|dw/ jdhtl`km gdwgtmek lkm gdwgtkc/ gtmekmpk h`w`v

jtvt(jtvt |dwlkvk| o`hk jdonvkj gtmek/ gdwgtkc vnonme-

Klk ltk idm`q \tw` l`gdlkjkm hdmtwt| ukwmk gtmekmpk/ `kokc |tw`

 gdwgtmek ukwmk vt| c/ l`qdgt| qdgkek` |tw` vt| c/ |tw` gdwgtmek hdwkc r`nod|

Gtotc qdwgtj qkw`

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l`qdgt| |tw` hdwkc- Lktm gtmek hdmitotw lkw` jdonvkj gtmek pkme gdwukwmk c`ikt

htlk/ hdmekm|tme vklk |kmejk` pkme jda`o v`v`c odmejnj(odmejnj-

Gtkcmpk |dwhkqtj gtkc gdwg`i` vnonme/ g`i` |dwlkvk| l`vnonme gdwithokc

 gkmpkj- Hdhvtmpk` kjkwmpk gdwg`m|`o hdwtvkjkm qthgdw m`|wnedm gdwkqko lkw`

 gkj|dw` pkme gdwjdhgkme g`kj l`g`m| o kjkwmpk/ gdwetmk tm|tj hdmptgtwjkm

|kmkc-

Ckhv`w qdotwtc gke`km |thgtckm `m` gdwhkmbkk| gke` hkmtq`k/ gtmekmpk

 gkmpkj hdmekmltme r`|kh`m lkvk| l`ikl`jkm qkptw vdado hdhvtmpk` wkqk dmkj-

Qdok`m `|t lktm htlk lkm vnonme htlk lkvk| itek l`vkjk` qdgkek` qkptw/ qdlkme

 g`i`mpk lkvk| l`vkjk` qdgkek` |dhvd/ lkm jdakhgkc pkme gkmpkj hdmekmltme

 vwn|d`m lkm jkpt lkvk| l`vkjk` qdgkek` jkpt gkjkw kjkwmpk l`vkjk` qdgkek` ngk|-

Lktmmpk lkvk| l`ikl`jkm vtvtj c`ikt- Jto`|mpk lkvk| l`vkjk` tm|tj vdokv`q tm|tj 

hdmetk|jkm ikok qdvdw|` jto`| vncnm qkokh- \tw` lkw` idm`q gtmek hdwkc

hdhvtmpk` jkmltmekm yk| vdmpdhgtc odg`c gkmpkj lkw` vklk |tw` gdwidm`q gtmek

 vt|`c/ g`ok l`vkjk` tm|tj vdmengk|km- Qdok`m `|t hkmbkk| ok`m klkokc lktm lkm

wkm|`me htlk qkmek| gk`j tm|tj hkjkmkm |dwmkj- \tw` lkvk| gdwetmk qdgkek`

  vncnm vdmec iktkm akwk hdmkmkhmpk qkmek| ekhvkme/ l`okjtjkm hdokot`

 vdmpdhk`km g`i` k|kt ldmekm akwk q|dj-

HKMBKK\ GTMEK \TW@

Hdhvdwokmakw KQ@/ gtmek hdmekmltme jkoq`th/ yk| gdq`/ yk| etok r`|kh`m K lkm

lkvk| l`hkqkj qkptw vdado- Gtmek odg`c gk`j l`khg`o lkw` |tw` hdwkc g`ok kjkm

l`ikl`jkm qdgkek` kqtvkm/ jkwdmk pkme hdwkc jklkw jkmltmekm yk|mpk odg`c

 gkmpkj lkw` |tw` vt|`c-

LKTM

Ngk| Wklkme |dmeenwnjkm/ |`ek edmeekh vtatj lktm |tw` hdwkc l`wdgtq ldmekm

|`ek edokq k`w/ |tmeet qkhvk` ikl` ;edokq jdhtl`km l`l`me`mjkm qd|dokc `|t/

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l`qkw`me/ k`w wdgtqkm tm|tj jthtw(jthtw/ < jko` qdckw`- Lktm qdgkek` Ngk| otjk

otkw #|kvdo) v`o`c lktm |tw` hdwkc/ |thgtj qkhvk` ckotq/ |dhvdojkm l`k|kq otjk/

lkvk| l`gkot| kekw gdwq`c - Tqkckjkm l`ekm| 1jko` qdckw`- Gdwetmk tm|tj 

hdmecdm|`jkm vdmlkwkckm/ lkm hdmetwkme` wkqk mpdw`

GTKC VNONME

Gtkc htlk hdmekmltme vwn|d`m pkme |`mee` lkvk| l`ikl`jkm qkptw vdmeekm|`

jkakme vkmikme/ l`hkqkj ldmekm gdwgkek` wdqdv hkqkjkm- G`i lkvk| l`vkjk`

qdgkek` jdakhgkc k|kt |kned \tw`/ qkmek| gk`j l`hkjkm gkmpkj hdmekmltme

r`|kh`m A/ lkvk| l`hkjkm qdgkek` qkptw/ okokv qdvdw|` |kned jkakme c`ikt- G`i`

pkme |tk l`jdw`mejkm jdhtl`km l`wdgtq l`gdw` wke` l`vkjk` qdgkek` gkckm gkjt

|dhvd/ pkme dmkj l`enwdme/ k|kt l`hkqkj-

Jto`| Gk|kme

Jto`| gk|kme qdgkek` ngk| qkw`kukm qdakwk |wkl`q`nmko l`vkjk` qdgkek` vdhgtmtc

jthkm- Q`kvjkm |`ek edmeekh jto`| |tw` hdwkc pkme gkwt qkik l`khg`o okmeqtme

lkw` vncnm/ jdhtl`km edvtj/ kekw odg`c otmkj/ jdhtl`km l`wdmlkh qdgdm|kw/

jdhtl`km wdhkq(wdhkq k`wmpk l`qkw`me l`gtk| jthtw jthtw 1 jko` qdckw`- Qdgkek`

ngk| l`qdm|w` gdwkj lkwkc9 |`ek edmeekm jto | |tw` hdwkc vklk gk|kme gkukc

jdhtl`km wdgtq ldmekm 1 edokq k`w wdgtq qkhvk` hdmikl` ; edokq/ jdhtl`km

l`qkw me qd|dokc l`me`m l`h`mth 7 jko` qdckw`- Tm|tj ngk| akakw k`w9 |`ek edmekh

jda`o jto`| gk|kme l`wdgtq ldmekm k`w |`ek edokq/ g`kwjkm hdmikl` ;edokq- Qd|dokc

l`me`m l`qkw`me lkm jdhtl`km l`h`mth/ ak`wkm `m` gdwetmk qdgkek` vdmedwt|

Jto`| Kjkw

Qdgkek` ngk| gk|tj/ |`ek edmeekh jda`o kjkw |tw` l`ata` gdwq`c okot l`|thgtj 

ckotq/ |khgkcjkm qdedokq k`w lkm |khgkc ; qdmlnj hklt odgkc- Akhvtw qkhvk`

wk|k |kwtc l`qkw`mekm jk`m okot vdwkq k`w vdwkqkm `|t jdhtl`km l`h`mth- Tm|tj 

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 vdeko o`mt9 khg`o |`ek edmeekh kjkw |tw` hdwkc lkw` vncnm jdhtl`km l`|thgtj 

qkhvk` ckotq ckotq/ |khgkc qdl`j`| k`w qdc`meek hdmikl` vkq|k jdm|ko- Jdhtl`km

nodqjkm l`gke`km pkme |dwkqk vdeko o`mt/ vkq|k `m` hdwtvkjkm vdmec`okme wkqk

 vdeko lkm o`mt itek vdmetwkme wkqk qkj`|-

Hkmbkk| ok`m Qthgdw E`y`

Gtmek \tw` hdwkc gkmpkj hdmekmltme R`|kh`m K/ G lkm A qdc`meek gk`j tm|tj 

kqtvkm r`|kh`m atjtv hdmjnqthq` gtmek |tw`- Lktm htlk lkm vnonme htlk

lkvk| l`ikl`jkm qkptw/ g`i` |tk lkvk| l`vkjk` qdgkek` |dhvd pkme hdmekmltme yk|

  vwn|d`m pkme |`mee`- Qdok`m `|t jdakhgkc lkw` g i` vnonme lkvk| l ikl`jkm

jdakhgkc k|kt |kned/ ldmekm jkmltmekm r`|kh`m A- Lktm lkm vnonmempk jkpk

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