Tunicates

Botrylloides violaceous

• Orange, red, pink, or yellow sheet• Solid color, very little tunic between zooids

Large zooids, openings obvious

Botryllus schlosseriStar shapes arrangement of zooids

• Often black & white, but can be orange

Botrylloides v. Botryllus

• Orange morph of Botryllus rare, but, star-shape is the giveaway!• Botrylloides can have looser zooid structure

Ciona intestinalis

Red dot at end of intestine

• Clear solitary

• No color on siphons

Yellow band or clear at tips of siphons

Ciona savingyiSpots of color at tips of siphons

No red dot at end of intestine

Which is which?

Ascidiella aspersa

• Firm transparent test, snags detritus• Tentacles in siphons• Elongate oval

Molgula manhattansis

• Sea grape – small, round, like a peeled grape

• Ascidiella is elongate and opaque in comparison

Molgula citrina

• More color than M. manhattensis• Potentially more fouled tunic

Dendrodoa carnea

• Small (<2cm), pink• Squashed looking

Small stubby round siphons

Halocynthia pyriformis

• Sea peach• Larger (up to 10cm)

Siphons almost square

Aplidium pallidum

• Sea pork - because it looks like a hunk of lard

• White & clear

• Occurs in chunks

Didemnum vexillum

• Think drippy sheet

• Pendulous lobes common

• Peeling away from rock

• Yellow-ish white

Didemnum vexillum

Solid sheet, speckled with zooids & oscula

• Typically very thick

Didemnum albidum

• Solid white sheet

• VERY tight zooids

• Some oscula

• Thin & smooth

Diplosoma listerianum

• Thin diaphanous sheet

• Can be greyish and/or yellowish

• Like an odd plastic sheet

Can have conspicuous oscula

Styela Clava

• Tunicate on a stalk!

• Large rough pleated body

• Curved siphon

• Can be found in the frozen section of Hmart

Styela Clava

Boltenia ovifera

• Stalked tunicate

• Round zooid, like a lollipop

• Smooth

• Typically deep-water

Boltenia echinata

• Stalked tunicate

• Cactus-like with many spiky projections

• Short stalk

• Rare

The Stalked Ones

Bryozoans

Bugula turrita

Like a colony of Christmas trees

Bugula fulva

• Similar to B. neritina, but white/yellowish• Distinctive forking branches

Bugula neritina

Purple

Tricellaria inopinata

• Short dense tufts• Heavily calcified – crunchy to the touch

Crisia eburnea

• Very fine

•Spindly, feathery

• Bugula is much more solid

• Not always very regular

Dendrobeania murrayana

• Small fans

• Thick lattice

• Like a lace tree

Electra pilosa

Encrusting stars

Membranipora membranacea

• White crust

• Amorphous

• Fouling on algae

• Blocky zooids give delicate appearance

Lichenopora verrucaria

• White

• Often circular growth

• Thicker in center, like luchen

• On hard substrate

Lichenopora

Schizoporella unicornis

• Bumpy thick crust

• Mix of orange and white

• Amorphous, on rocky substrate

Zooids like open pores

Schizomavella auriculata

• Bumpy thick crust

• JUST orange/orange cream soda

• Amorphous, on rocky substrate

Sponges

Cliona sp.

• Bright yellow

• Often boring into something rocky

Large oscula

Hymedesmia sp. 1 Blue

Hymedesmia sp. 1 Orange Sheet

Halisarca dujardini

SLIMY!!!

Leucosolenia sp. Many Tubes

Scypha sp. • Small tubes

• Vase-like

Isodictya palmata

• Palmate• Orange palms, not so branching

Can have conspicuous oscula

Haliclona oculata

Cream-Orange Branching fingers

Microciona prolifera

• MANY red fingers

Halichondria panicea • MANY forms

• Often oscula obvious

• Texture of bread crumbs when broken apart

Hydroids

Abietinaria abietina

Coarsely branching

Sertularia sp.Finer feathery branching

Ectopleura crocea

Pink rosette tips, like flowers

Obelia spp.

• Fine and frilly

• Lace-like covering

• Often epiphytic

Anemones

Cerianthus borealis

• In sandy areas

• Sand-tube around body

• Long distinct arms

Diadumene lineata

Body has lines

Often quite small

Metridium senile

• Body can be yellow or white

• Frilly plumulose arms

• Often very large

Urticina felinaMulticolored banded arms

Many colors possible

Fagesia lineata

Molluscs

Modilus modiolus v. Mytilus edulis

Modiolus Mytlius

Flat & Brown-red Pointed & Blue-Grey

Crepidula fornicata

• Rounded

• Forms stacks

• Often fouled

Anomia sp.

• Irregular shell

• Encrusting & pressed on rock