tune in to grammar cb-3 · sentences 2, 4 and 6 are sentences that tell us something. these...

1. The Alphabetical Order 1 2. The Sentence 8 3. Negative Sentences 14 4. Nouns: Common and Proper 21 5. Nouns: Singular and Plural 28 6. Nouns: Gender 35 7. Nouns: Possession 40 8. Personal Pronouns 46 9. Articles 52 10. Adjectives 58 11. Comparison of Adjectives 64 12. Verbs 69 13. Helping Verbs 73 14. Simple Present and Present Continuous Tenses 79 15. Simple Past and Simple Future Tenses 87 16. Contractions 94 17. Adverbs 98 18. Prepositions 105 19. Conjunctions 110 20. Punctuation 115 21. Interjections 121 Comprehension 126 Composition 132 Test Paper 1 135 Test Paper 2 137

The Alphabetical Order 18

Contents

Prelims_Tune in to Grammar_CB-3.indd 1 8/17/2016 5:25:31 PM

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We have learnt that the English alphabet has 26 letters from a to z. They are always written in the same order.Now, get into groups of five and stand in a line in alphabetical order by your first name.

Know

Read out the names of these subjects.1. Arts2. Computer3. English4. Hindi5. Mathematics6. Science

Did you notice that these have been listed in alphabetical order?

How do you arrange words in alphabetical order?

We have learnt that the English alphabet has 26 letters from

1 The Alphabetical Order

The order in which the letters of the alphabet appear is called alphabetical order.

Tune in to Grammar_CB-3.indd 1 7/15/2016 12:02:52 PM

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While arranging words in alphabetical order, you must always consider the following:

Start by comparing the first letter of the words. •For example: apple, ball, cat, doll, elephant

In case all the words start with the same letter, take a look at the •second letter in each word.For example: ball, belt, bin, bun

In case the first two letters of the words are same, take a look at the •third letter to arrange the words in alphabetical order.For example: jacket, jam, jar, jaw

Learn

Arrange the articles, present in Rohan’s room, in alphabetical order.

sofa towel pillows books pensball television curtain paper stool


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Practise

A. Write the names of any six fruits in alphabetical order.

B. Unscramble the names of these animals. 1. knoyem ______________ 2. neodyk ______________ 3. peahletn ______________ 4. fowl ______________ 5. xfo ______________ 6. gdo ______________ 7. egtir ______________ 8. nilo ______________ 9. rabe ______________ 10. bezar ______________ 11. tca ______________ 12. resoh ______________ 13. lecma ______________ 14. ffgirae ______________ 15. birbat ______________ 16. toag ______________

Now, write the names of these animals in alphabetical order in your notebook.

C. Here is a list of students from Grade 3 who are going for a picnic. Rewrite the list in alphabetical order.

1.Kaveri 2.Alice 3.Rohan 4.Ritu 5.Pooja 6.Peter 7.Anuj 8.Rick 9.AmitRana 10.AmitSharma 11.Anoop 12.Akshay13. Jyoti 14. Sharon 15. Chanakya 16. Arvin17.Rohit 18.Sai 19.Puja 20.Sarah

D. Arrange these groups of words in alphabetical order. 1. not nut net nil 2. able apple ache axe


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3. hot hat hit hut 4. label lost lime lemon 5. fig fur fan fat 6. mat math mall man 7. yak yacht yummy yellow 8. ball bush bat base 9. dusk den done dame 10. orange oars oasis oak 11. pin pint pink pill 12. cat call cash can

E. Look at the given chart. If A=1, B=2, C=3 and so on, can you read the following messages?

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

1. 9 12 15 225 935 318 5 1 13.

2. 15 2 5 25 25 15 21 18 16 1 18 5 14 20 19.

3. 9 3114 19 23 9 13.

4. 11 5 5 16 19 9 12 5 14 3 5!

5. 9 3114 19 15 12 225 16 18 15 2 12 5 13 19.

6. 4 1 14 3 9 147 919 621 14.

7. 5 1 20 85112 20 8 25 615 15 4.

8. 25 16 15 12 9 20 5!


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Know

Let us now look at this section from the Longman New Junior English Dictionary.

headword

part of speech

example sentence

definition

pronunciation

Did you notice that the words in this dictionary page have been arranged in alphabetical order?

Learn

Identify the word that has been spelled correctly in each of these word pairs. You may use a dictionary for this exercise. 1. coordinator/coordinater 2. greesy/greasy


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3. chrystal/crystal 4. parliament/parlament 5. embarrasment/embarrassment 6. occasion/occassion 7. skilfull/skilful 8. fulfil/fulfill 9. pshychology/psychology 10. artifitial/artificial

Practise

The highlighted words in these sentences have more than one meaning. Use a dictionary to find their meanings as they are used in the sentence. 1. The dog’s bark could be heard from a long distance. 2. The woodpecker makes a hole in the bark for its nest. 3. He can draw beautiful sceneries. 4. My father knows how to draw out the truth if I ever try lying. 5. The boy was present on the day of the assessment. 6. Ritwik gave me a lovely present for my birthday. 7. We must make a key to explain the map. 8. Sunil used a key to open the door to the hidden passage. 9. He left his city to find a new job. 10. Aron is more comfortable using his left hand. 11. I went to deposit the money in the bank. 12. Tina sat on the river bank.

The names in a telephone directory and the contact details in a mobile phone always appear in alphabetical order.

Do You Know?


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Activity

Your teacher will assign a letter from the English alphabet to each one of you. If there are more than 26 students in the class, two students may be assigned the same letter. The teacher will call out one word at a time. Those representing letters from the word will gather and stand in order to make the word. For example:Aman–S Anna–K Arun–YTeacher calls out the word ‘sky’.Aman, Anna and Arun will stand in sequence to form that word.


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Can you complete the following?• The children arrived at _______________________.• Once upon a time ___________________________.Now, can you think of a nice opening?• __________________ into the fishing net.• ___________________ over the wall.

Know

Read these examples.

I love my friends.•

Children are playing.•

Paullikesplayingfootball.•

This is my new pet.•

In each of these, a group of words is arranged in a manner that it makes sense and conveys a complete thought.

A sentence is an arrangement of a group of words that makes complete sense.

Can you complete the following?

2 The Sentence


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Learn

Tick [✓] the groups of words that make complete sense.

1. sweet orange

2. loves cricket playing Rahul

3. The door is closed.

4. missed lunch

5. Shireen ate an apple.

6. The postman delivers letters.

7. uncle my teacher is a

8. dinner at

9. under the tree

10. yellow umbrella

11. in the park

12. I have a pet dog.

Practise

A. Arrange these words to make sentences. Remember to use a full stop or a question mark.

1. cricket / Rex / evening / and / every / Gail / play 2. school / a / library / My / big / has 3. Jack / hill / up / the / Jill / and / went 4. lakes / Nainital / nine / has

• A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop (.).

• A sentence always has a verb.

Remember!


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5. animal / faithful / The / is / dog / a 6. must / healthy / We / to / stay / eat / strong 7. your / this / pen / Is 8. guitar / the / I / after / practise / dinner 9. to / I / Dehradun / in / went / vacations / my 10. My / travels / lot / father / a

B. Match the columns to make sentences.A B

1. Science is my a. in a college.2. I like to play b. at 7:00 a.m.3. My father works c. baked a cake on my birthday.4. They live d. favourite subject.5. I eat breakfast e. on weekends.6. My brother doesn’t f. tell lies.7. My mother g. with my little sister.8. I go swimming h. are cousins.9. I never i. drink milk.

10. Slow and steady j. in Bengaluru.11. Apu and Raka k. ride a bike.12. Calvin can l. wins the race.

Know

Read these sentences.1. What is your favourite colour?2. My favourite colour is red.


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3. Where is Shalini’s house?4. Shalini’s house is in South Delhi. 5. What was Anuj playing?6. Anuj was playing football.

Sentences 2, 4 and 6 are sentences that tell us something. These sentences end with a full stop (.). Such sentences are called statements.

Sentences 1, 3 and 5 are sentences that ask us something. These sentences end with a question mark (?). Such sentences are called questions.

Simple questions which are answered with a Yes or a No are made by inverting the word order of a statement.

Read these examples carefully.

This is my bag. • Is this my bag?

You are scared of insects. • Are you scared of insects?

Today is her birthday. • Is today her birthday?

These mangoes are sour. • Are these mangoes sour?

Take a note of numbers while making questions. Are we asking about one thing or many things? For example:Susan is his sister. Is Susan his sister?Here, we have used ‘is’ because we are asking about one person, Susan.These apples are fresh. Are these apples fresh?In this sentence, we are asking about many apples, hence we must use ‘are’.

Remember!

A sentence which says or states something is called a statement. A sentence which asks something is called a question.


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Learn

Insert a question mark or a full stop at the end of each sentence. 1. These books are mine 2. I am seven years old 3. Where do you live 4. He is my brother 5. How old are you 6. What colour is the pen 7. I have a green dress 8. He plays badminton 9. Where is mother 10. Mother is in the kitchen 11. I have plenty of work to do 12. Will you watch the music show tonight

Practise

A. Fill in the blanks with Is or Are. 1. _________ this your bat? 2. ________ that your sister? 2. __________ these your cards? 3. ________ those your coins? 4. ______ it yours? 5. _________ we late? 6. _______ this your seat?


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7. ________ grandmother ill today? 8. _______ these apples good? 9. _____ this Jane’s book? 10. ____ Bruno your dog?

B. Change these statements into questions. 1. He is tall. 2. It is very hot outside. 3. I am seven years old. 4. My uncle is a tennis player. 5. John’s mother is a nurse. 6. It is ten o’clock already. 7. This is my dad’s car. 8. My brother is having a pizza. 9. They are arriving today. 10. My mother is an English teacher. 11. She is not feeling well. 12. It is raining hard.

Activity

Work in pairs. Now interview your partners and find out more about them. Once you have interviewed them, write minimum five sentences about each other.


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Answer these questions.• Do you like to eat green vegetables?• Do you like to study?• Can you fly?• Is black your favourite colour?• Are you afraid of dogs?The answers to these questions are Yes or No. When you answer these questions in a sentence, it will be like this:• Yes, I like to eat green vegetables.• No, I do not like to eat green vegetables.

Know

Take a look at these sentences.1. I do not eat pasta.2. Rohit does not play cricket. 3. Srishti does not eat meat.4. We do not watch films.

A sentence that tells us that something is not is called a negative sentence.

Answer these questions.• Do you like to eat green vegetables? Answer these questions.

3 Negative Sentences


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All these sentences convey things that are not.

A positive sentence is changed into a negative sentence by:

adding words like • no and not. For example: o Harshita is a doctor. (positive) o Harshita is not a doctor. (negative)

placing • not after is/am/are, if the positive sentence contains is/am/are. For example:

o They are my new neighbours. (positive) o They are not my new neighbours.

(negative) o I am a teacher. (positive) o I am not a teacher. (negative)

placing • not after will/shall/can, if the positive sentence contains these. For example:

o I can ride a bicycle. (positive) o I cannot ride a bicycle. (negative) o They will come to my house tonight. (positive) o They will not come to my house tonight. (negative)

adding special words like • do and does before not. For example: o I like eggs. (positive) o I do not like eggs. (negative) o We have pets. (positive) o We do not have pets. (negative) o Smith goes to play school. (positive) o Smith does not go to play school. (negative)


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Learn

Tick [✓] the correct sentences and cross [✘] the incorrect ones.

1. I not like to read story books.

2. Binita does not play with me.

3. The mice do not run after the cat.

4. Hari does like no maths.

5. We do not eat meat.

6. I do not like spinach.

7. They do not go out much.

8. Poojaknownotswimming.

9. I do not play the guitar daily.

10. Gautam not sing does well.

11. I do not watch cartoon shows.

12. My father does not like noodles.

Practise

A. Choose the correct option.

1. Sonu __________ surprised.

a. do not b. does not

c. is not d. am not

• Do is used with I, we, you, they and more than one naming word.

• Does is used with a single naming word, he, she and it.

Remember!


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2. Minash __________ an Indian.


c. is not d. am not

3. __________ open the window.

a. Do not b. Does not

c. Is not d. Am not

4. Deepak __________ plays football.


c. is not d. am not

5. The painting __________ beautiful.


c. is not d. am not

6. Abdul and Imran __________ brothers.


c. is not d. are not

7. This curry __________ tasty.


c. is not d. am not

8. This clock __________ show the correct time.


c. is not d. am not


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9. Rebecca __________ like sweets.


c. is not d. am not

10. The Sharmas __________ live here anymore.


c. is not d. am not

11. Elephants __________ eat meat.


c. is not d. am not

12. Water __________ have any colour.


c. is not d. am not

B. Arrange the words in correct order to make sentences. 1. come/Prateek/does/to/us/not/with/want 2. football / play / I / not / do 3. my / cousin / not / Roshmita / is 4. The/ is / a / useful / computer / not / device 5. My / grandfather / walk / cannot / support / without 6. for / wait / not / me/ Do 7. cook / not / He / does 8. reading / like / do / They / not / comic books 9. German / I / not / do / learn 10. is / not / sister / my / Sarah 11. ice creams / We / do / eat / winter / not / in 12. John / not / know/ does / me


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C. Change these positive sentences to negative sentences. 1. Kushagragoestoofficeat9a.m. 2. Nandani speaks French. 3. Ben is my pet. 4. Ankita writes beautiful poems. 5. I take Ben for a walk in the evening. 6. My grandmother goes to the temple every day. 7. Diya knows how to make a paper envelope. 8. MrsKhareisourscienceteacher. 9. Ashu and Nishu are my friends. 10. They go to school by bus.

D. Make negative sentences using the hints in the brackets. The first one has been done for you.

1. I _______ (read) fairy tales. I do not read fairy tales. 2. The girl in the yellow dress _________ (be) my friend. 3. I ___________ (have) another pencil. 4. I _________ (watch) cartoon channels. 5. Birds _______ (have) teeth. 6. We ________ (go) to school on Monday. 7. John ____ (be) a good swimmer. 8. My birthday __________ (falls) on 16 June. 9. We _________ (shout) in the class. 10. My sister ____ (be) taller than you. 11. Sumati’s mother ___________ (teaches) in our school. 12. I ___________ (love) mangoes.


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Activity

Get into groups of four for this task. One student from each team will take turns to come and give clues to the others by talking about any one student in the class. The clues will be given using negative sentences. For example: the student is not a boy; she is not tall. The others will guess the name of the person being described. After each clue, the teams will make a guess. You can give only five clues. If you are able to guess after the first clue, you will get 5 points. With each clue, a point will be deducted. If no one is able to guess even after the last clue, the correct answer will be told.


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tune in to grammar cb-3 · sentences 2, 4 and 6 are sentences that tell us something. these...

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