Tumor markersDr Vijay Marakala M.D

BIOCHEMISTRYSIMS &RC

TUMOR MARKERS

OUTLINE

Definition Clinical uses

Classification Examples

TUMOR MARKERS

Substance found in increased amounts in the blood, other body fluids and tissues that

may suggest the presence of cancer

Definition

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF TUMOUR MARKERS

Diagnosis Prognosis Monitor treatment

Detection of

recurrenceScreening

CLASSIFICATION OF TUMOUR MARKERS

Hormones Oncofetal Antigens

Enzymes Tumor-

Associated Proteins

TUMOR MARKERS - Hormones

Human chorionicgonadotropin

• Gestational trophoblastic disease

• Gonadal germ cell tumor

Calcitonin

• Medullary cancer of the thyroid

Catecholamines

• Pheochromocytoma

TUMOR MARKERS – Oncofetal antigens

• Hepatocellular carcinoma,

• Gonadal germ cell tumor

α-Fetoprotein

• Adenocarcinomas of the colon, pancreas, lung, breast, ovary

Carcinoembryonicantigen

TUMOR MARKERS - Enzymes

• Prostate cancerProstatic acidphosphatase

• Small cell cancer of the lung,• Neuroblastoma

Neuron-specificenolase

• Lymphoma, • Ewing's sarcoma

Lactatedehydrogenase

TUMOR MARKERS - Tumor-Associated Proteins

Prostate-specific antigen

Prostate cancer

Monoclonal immunoglobulin

Myeloma

CA-125

Ovarian cancer

CA19-9

Colon, pancreatic,

breast cancer

COMMONLY USED TUMOR MARKERS

The crucial link between anatomy and molecular pathways

From anatomy… via serological tumor markers … to molecular pathways

Lung KIT

Breast EGFR

ProstateHER2

Colon BRAF

BrainPIK3CA