tuesday november 1, 2011
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Tuesday November 1, 2011. (The Birth and Evolution of the Earth; Earth’s Spheres). The Launch Pad Tuesday, 11/1/11. List three things that the Earth has but the Moon does not have. an atmosphere. liquid water. life. Announcements. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
TuesdayNovember 1, 2011
(The Birth and Evolution of the Earth; Earth’s
Spheres)
The Launch PadTuesday, 11/1/11
List three things that the Earth has but the Moon
does not have.an atmosphere
liquid water
life
Assignment Currently Open
Summative or Formative
Date Issued
Date Due
Date Into
Grade Speed
Last Day
Project – Moon Features Formative 10/18 10/21
Quiz 7 Summative 10/21 10/21 10/25 11/8
Quiz 8 Summative 10/26 10/26 10/27 11/10
AnnouncementsAny remediations that you want to go on this
six-weeks must be done by Friday!
We will have a Quiz tomorrow!
Astrophoto William Souza has caught not just two, but three birds with one stone with this photo he took from Sao Paolo, Brazil. William
captured this photo of the Crescent Moon, Pleiades and Mercury on April 26, 2009.
The Birth of a PlanetThe Nebular Hypothesis assumes a flat, disk shape with the protosun
(pre-Sun) at the center. The inner planets begin to form from
metallic and rocky substances. The larger outer planets began
forming from fragments of ices (H2O, CO2, and other compounds.)
Iron and nickel melted and sank to form the metallic core while rocky
material rose to form the mantle and Earth’s crust.
Early Evolution of Earth Origin of Earth - The Nebular
Hypothesis • Most researchers believe that Earth and
the other planets formed at essentially the same time
• Our solar system evolved from an enormous rotating cloud called the “solar nebula.” (A)• The nebula was composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium.• About 5 billion years ago the nebula
began to contract. (B)• The nebula assumed a flat, disk shape
(accretion disk) with the protosun (pre-Sun) at the center. (C)
• The inner planets begin to form from metallic and rocky clumps. (D)
• The larger outer planets began forming from fragments with a high percentage of ices
• Today (E)
Flattening and spinning. Gravity, shock waves, condensing, “dust bunny” analogy.
The Formation of the Early Earth
Figure 12.5
Early Evolution of EarthFormation of Earth’s Layered Structure
o As Earth formed, the decay of radioactive elements and heat from high-velocity impacts caused the temperature to increase.
o Iron and nickel began to melt and sink toward the center
o Lighter rocky components floated outward, toward the surface
o Gaseous material escaped from Earth’s interior to produce the primitive atmosphere
Cores discovered by tracking seismic
waves traveling through the Earth.
The Earth from the
Moon
Apollo 8Christmas Eve,
1968
The Grand Oasis in Space
Our Home
Fragile
Unique
Vulnerable
Earth’s “Spheres”Geosphere
Hydrosphere CryosphereAtmosphere
BiosphereLithosphere
Asthenosphere Pedosphere
Earth’s “Spheres”Geosphere
the solid matter of the
Earth, as distinct from
the seas, plants,
animals, and surrounding atmosphere
Geosphere
Geosphere
Earth’s “Spheres”Hydrosphere
The ocean is the most prominent feature of the hydrosphere, as it covers
nearly 71% of Earth’s surface and contains about
97% of Earth’s water The hydrosphere also
includes fresh water found in streams, lakes, and
glaciers, as well as that found underground.
Figure 1.10Hydrosphere
Earth’s “Spheres”Cryosphere
This is the frozen part of the Earth's surface, including the polar ice caps,
continental ice sheets, glaciers, sea
ice, and permafrost.
The cryosphere is very important to our
understanding of climate change.
Cryosphere
CryosphereCryosphere
Earth’s “Spheres”Atmosphere
Our atmosphere is the thin, tenuous blanket of air that surrounds Earth.
One-half of the atmosphere lies below 3.5 miles (18 500 feet.)
Our atmosphere shields us from harmful solar rays.
AtmosphereAtmosphere
Earth’s “Spheres”Biosphere
Earth’s biosphere includes all life,
and is concentrated near
the surface in a zone that extends
from the ocean floor upward for
several kilometers into the
atmosphere.
Biosphere
Earth’s “Spheres”Lithosphere The lithosphere is
the rigid outer layer of solid Earth that can be broken.
It includes the crust and the uppermost
mantle, which constitute the hard
and rigid outer layer of the Earth.
Earth’s “Spheres”Asthenosphere
The asthenosphere is
the weaker, hotter, and deeper part of the upper
mantle.
AsthenosphereAsthenosphere
Earth’s “Spheres”Pedosphere
The pedosphere is the uppermost part of the
lithosphere that chemically reacts to the atmosphere,
hydrosphere and biosphere through the soil forming
process.
Pedosphere
Pedosphere