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Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 1 Tubular Reactor Mass balance: Diffusion Advection/Convection Reaction Boundary conditions: (Danckwerts)

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Page 1: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 1

Tubular Reactor

Mass balance:

Diffusion Advection/Convection

Reaction

Boundary conditions:

(Danckwerts)

Page 2: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 2

Tubular Reactor

Mass balance:

Non-dimensionalization:

Page 3: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 3

Tubular Reactor

Mass balance:

Non-dimensionalization:

Page 4: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 4

Tubular Reactor

Mass balance:

Peclet number:

Damköhler number:

Page 5: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 5

Tubular Reactor

Mass balance:

Steady state tubular reactor

Page 6: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 6

Tubular Reactor

Discretize in space

Page 7: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 7

Tubular Reactor

Discretize in space

Page 8: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 8

Tubular Reactor

Discretize in space

Centered Finite Difference Backward Finite Difference

Page 9: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 9

Tubular Reactor

Boundary conditions!

Discretize in space

Page 10: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 10

Tubular Reactor

Discretize in space

Page 11: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 11

Tubular Reactor

Discretize in space „Ghost point“„Ghost point“

Page 12: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 12

Tubular Reactor

System of nonlinear equations!!!

Page 13: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 13

Assignment 11.Solve the steady state tubular reactor for 20 different Peclet

numbers (between 0.01 and 100) and for a first (n=1) and a second(n=2) order reaction. Use a Damköhler number of unity.Complete the template rhs.m by implementing the non-linearequations to solve

2.Plot the conversion at the end of the reactor vs. thePeclet number for both reaction ordersAlso plot the ratio between the conversions of the first order andsecond order reaction●What is better for these reactions, a lot of back-mixing (Pe small,CSTR) or ideal plug flow (Pe large, PFR)?●What influence does the reaction order have overall and at low orhigh Peclet numbers?

Complete the template TubReact_steady_state.m

Page 14: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 14

Tubular Reactor

Mass balance:

Diffusion Advection/Convection

Reaction

Boundary conditions:

Page 15: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 15

Tubular Reactor

Mass balance:

Dynamic tubular reactor

Boundary conditions:

Page 16: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 16

Tubular Reactor

Discretize in space

Page 17: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 17

Tubular Reactor

Discretize in space

ODEs

Page 18: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 18

Tubular Reactor

Discretize in space

ODEs

„Ghost point“„Ghost point“

Page 19: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 19

Tubular Reactor

Discretize in time

E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff

Time indexOrder of reaction

Page 20: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 20

Tubular Reactor

System of nonlinear ODEs!!!Stiff...

Page 21: Tubular Reactor - Seminar for Applied Mathematicskaroger/numci/2016/files/Chap04/TubReact.pdfTubular Reactor Discretize in time E.g. Explicit Euler, … But in general ver stiff Time

Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers 21

Assignment 2

1.Solve the dynamic tubular reactor from initial 0to final time of 5 with MATLAB‘s ode23sUse the rhs.m from assignment 1 and thetemplate TubReact_dynamic.mConsider only a first order reaction with Pe=100 and Da=1

2.Plot the conversion at the end of the reactor vs.dimensionless time

3.At what time does the solution reach a steadystate, i.e. how many reactor volumes of solventwill you need?