tuberculosis
DESCRIPTION
Community Health ManagementTRANSCRIPT
TUBERCULOSIS
What You Need to Know About Tuberculosis (TB)
The TB Scenario
Defining TB: Cause, Transmission, and
Manifestations
Risk of TB infection
Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis
TB Treatment and Cure
Preventing transmission
Proper Management of TB cases
TB Burden in the World
1/3 of the World Population is
Infected
1 Person is Infected per Second
1.9 Million People Die of TB each
Year
Philippines is 1 of the world’s 22
high-burden countries for
Tuberculosis
TB Burden in the Philippines
22 million reported
infections
TB kills 75 Filipinos per
day
TB is the 6th leading
cause of Mortality and
Morbidity
Undiagnosed TB cases
remain high in local
communities
What is Tuberculosis?
TUBERCULOSIS is an infectious
disease caused by a micro bacteria
called “Tubercle bacilli”. It is
airborne. It usually affects the lungs but
may also affect other organs in the body
like the meninges, bones, kidneys etc.
The Tubercle Bacilli
Other Names:
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
TB germ
Characteristics:
• slow growing
• can survive inside cells of the human body
• exposure to direct sunlight can kill the bacteria in sputum
How is it transmitted?
The TB Bacilli spreads through
airborne inhalation of droplets of
infection coming from a TB patient
whenever a person coughs or
sneezes, without covering his
mouth.
How Are TB Germs NOT Spread?
• Through quick, casual contact, like passing someone on the street
• By sharing utensils or food• By sharing cigarettes or drinking
containers• By exchanging saliva or other body fluids• By shaking hands• Using public telephones
How does PTB develop?1. TB bacilli enters the body
and lodges in the lungs
(TB Infection).
2. In the lungs, they
multiply and slowly eat
the cells and the body
begins to experience
symptoms (TB Disease)
3. If undiagnosed, lungs
cells are eaten up leading
that may lead death.
A person is infected
after inhaling droplets
from a person with TB
TB Infection vs. TB Disease• There is a difference between TB “infection”
and TB “disease”
• TB infection: TB germs stay in your lungs, but they do not multiply or make you sick– You cannot pass TB germs to others
• TB disease: TB germs stay in your lungs or move to other parts of your body, multiply, and make you sick– You can pass the TB germs to other people
Treatment for TB Infection
What are the signs and symptoms of TB?
Persistent cough for at least 2 weeks
Chest pains/ Back Pains (breathlessness)
Persistent low grade fever for more than a
month Significant weight loss with or with
out loss of appetite
Hemoptysis (Blood-tinged sputum)
Feeling of weakness (tiredness)
Night Sweats
Treatment for TB Disease
• TB disease is treated with medicine to kill the TB germs
• Usually, the treatment will last for 6-9 months
• TB disease can be cured if the medicine is taken as prescribed, even after you no longer feel sick
Who are at risk of getting TB?
People who share the same breathing
space with someone who has infectious
TB
Health workers, specially those working
in long-term facilities (prison,
sanitariums, etc.)
People whose immune systems are
compromised (People with HIV infection,
Pneumonia, Chronic lung disease, etc)
Who are at risk…
People exposed to silica and those with
jobs that compromise the respiratory
system (mine workers)
People underweight and malnourished
(esp. Children)
Alcoholics and IV drug users
Others
How is TB diagnosed?
1. Sputum
Microscopy– It shows the TB
bacilli in the
sputum
– It is the most
definitive
diagnostic tool of
Tuberculosis
How is TB diagnosed?
2. Chest X-Ray
– Determines
extent of the
lung damage
– Not a very
definitive
diagnostic tool
How is TB cured? TB can be cured. DOTS (Directly-Observed Treatment
Short Course) is the recommended strategy to cure TB.
It ensures the right combination and dosage of anti-TB drugs.
It ensures regular and complete intake of anti-TB drugs.
Patient takes drugs every day with the help of a treatment partner.
With proper treatment…
We want to treat patients with DOTS:
1. To make them get well as soon as
possible
2. To make them stop spreading the
disease onto others in the community
3. To avoid complications and multi-drug
resistance (MDR)
How can TB be prevented?
1. BCG vaccination for infants (newborn to 1 year old). This gives 80-85% protection against development of complicated TB among children;
2. Hygienic practices like covering the mouth when coughing and sneezing; and
3. Early diagnosis and treatment of TB infectious cases to stop transmission
Other Preventive Measures…
Maintain open air circulation inside the house
Have enough sleep
Eat nutritious food that boost the immune system
Avoid smoking, drinking alcohol, and use of prohibited drugs
What are some misconception about TB?
Misconceptions Facts
TB is mana-mana TB is hawa-hawa
TB results from “Pasma” and “naulanan”
TB is due a bacteria known as the “Tubercle bacilli”
TB is transmitted through sharing utensils with a person with TB
TB is transmitted through inhalation of the droplet nuclei from a person with TB
TB is not curable. One should be ashamed of his disease.
TB can be cured. The patient’s commitment is important. Everyone’s support is important in fighting TB.
REMINDER
If you experience the signs and symptoms of TB, do not be ashamed. Immediately visit our clinic for proper diagnosis and treatment