April 2003April 2003April 2003April 2003April 2003TTTTTHEHEHEHEHETTTTTHEHEHEHEHE Volume I, No. 1Volume I, No. 1Volume I, No. 1Volume I, No. 1Volume I, No. 1

A newsletter for and about the people of theA newsletter for and about the people of theA newsletter for and about the people of theA newsletter for and about the people of theA newsletter for and about the people of theA newsletter for and about the people of theA newsletter for and about the people of theA newsletter for and about the people of theA newsletter for and about the people of theA newsletter for and about the people of thePPPPPOINTOINTOINTOINTOINTPPPPPOINTOINTOINTOINTOINTU.S.U.S.U.S.U.S.U.S.U.S.U.S.U.S.U.S.U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel CommandArmy Medical Research and Materiel CommandArmy Medical Research and Materiel CommandArmy Medical Research and Materiel CommandArmy Medical Research and Materiel CommandArmy Medical Research and Materiel CommandArmy Medical Research and Materiel CommandArmy Medical Research and Materiel CommandArmy Medical Research and Materiel CommandArmy Medical Research and Materiel Command

Inside thisInside thisInside thisInside thisInside thisissue . .issue . .issue . .issue . .issue . . .

NEWS

Chitosan bandage approved — 1— 1— 1— 1— 1

Enzymes key in chem protection—2

SERPACWA approved—3

Shigella vaccine trials —5—5—5—5—5

Field dental equipment improves—6

New acquisition software in place—7

Diagnosis through DNA—8

PEOPLE IN THE

NEWS—8

The Point is published quarterly by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command under the direction of the Commanding General, Maj. Gen. Lester Martinez-Lopez.

Its contents do not necessarily reflect the official views of the U.S. Government, theDepartment of Defense or the U.S. Army.

Editorial content is prepared by the Public Affairs Office, which can be reached by calling 301-619-7549 (DSN prefix 343) or e-mailing karen.fleming-michael@det.amedd. army.mil.

Chitosan bandage gains FDA approvalChitosan bandage gains FDA approvalChitosan bandage gains FDA approvalChitosan bandage gains FDA approvalChitosan bandage gains FDA approvalSince Operation Restore Hope in Somalia

ended in 1993, Army researchers have beentaking strides toward making uncontrolledbattlefield hemorrhage a distant, horriblememory—with good reason.

On modern battlefields, more than 90 per­cent of combat deaths occur before evacua­tion, and a little more than half of those are caused by uncontrolled hemorrhage, said Dr.Anthony Pusateri, who’s managed the He­mostasis Research Program since 1999 at theU.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research inSan Antonio, Texas.

“We need to keep casualties alive longerso we have more time to evacuate them for surgical treatment. When we can get themto surgeons, they almost always survive,” hesaid.

In studies performed at the institute in2002, a chitosan dressing derived fromshrimp shells effectively staunched a woundthat in the first 30 seconds put out more than300 milliliters of blood.

Created by researchers at the OregonMedical Laser Center using a research grantfrom the U.S. Army Medical Research andMateriel Command, the 4-inch by 4-inchchitosan dressing is well suited for the battle­field and a vast improvement over gauze andpressure bandages currently used to stopextreme bleeding, said Col. Bob Vandre, Di­rector of Combat Casualty Care research forthe U.S. Army Medical Research and Mate­riel Command. The dressing’s ability to with­stand blunt force as well as extreme field con­ditions, including inclement weather, tem­perature and rugged terrain make it “soldierproof,” the colonel said.

“We haven’t actually run over it with a

HUMVEE, but it does stay together well,and that’s an important factor because weneed soldiers to be able to carry it in theirpacks and run around with it, fall down onit (without damaging it), etcetera” Pusaterisaid.

Further, chitosan is also antimicrobial, so it kills germs as a “nice freebie” for soldiersinjured on dirty battlefields, Vandre said.

For now, the Food and Drug Administra­tion has approved the chitosan dressing forexternal use and the Army will use it on armand leg, or extremity, wounds, which accountfor 10 percent of battlefield deaths. Col. JohnHolcomb, MD, commander of the U.S. ArmyInstitute of Surgical Research, a combatsurgeon in Somalia, witnessed that statis­tic firsthand while treating soldiers in So­malia who had pelvis and extremity woundsand died.

“With no other major injuries, I couldn’tstop their bleeding. It was extremely frus­trating,” he said.

Researchers also believe hemostatic dress­ings can save limbs as well as lives becausethey limit the amount of time a tourniquetis needed. “You can’t leave a tourniquet onfor more than a few hours, or the loss of cir­culation in that limb will cause it to need to be amputated,” Vandre said. “The thoughtwith this dressing is that you can put on atourniquet, stick the dressing on, stop thebleeding, then take the tourniquet off andkeep circulation to the limb (so amputationisn’t necessary).”

Researchers at the Institute of SurgicalResearch will take the dressing to the nextlevel—internal use—this spring to see if thebody can absorb the bandage.

○○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○22222—The Point

Enzymes, sponge play key rolesEnzymes, sponge play key rolesEnzymes, sponge play key rolesEnzymes, sponge play key rolesEnzymes, sponge play key rolesin future chem protection productsin future chem protection productsin future chem protection productsin future chem protection productsin future chem protection products

An enzyme found in the body,butyrylcholinesterase, appears to bean effective pretreatment for nerve agent exposure.

“Humans have butyrylcholin­esterase in their bodies that naturallydetoxifies it,” said Col. Michelle Ross, director of the Medical Chemical De­fense Research Program for the U.S.Army Medical Research and Materiel

Command. “When it’s administered in an ap­propriate dose, it pro­tects people from nerve agent exposurefor up to two weeks. Ifa person is exposed toa nerve agent poison,they’re not affected.”

Nerve agents, calledorganophosphates,Researchers at the Walter Reed Army work by attacking aInstitute of Research have developed a class of enzymes in thesponge that may assist in body, called cholinest­decontaminating people and equipment erases. When there’safter a chemical attack. not enough of the en­zyme, too much of the

neurotransmitter acetylcholinebuilds up and overwhelms receptorsin the body. The human serumbutyrylcholinesterase, however,binds to the organophosphate andeliminates it before it reaches its tar­get: brain acetylcholinesterase.

“In studies, it’s protected animalsfrom lethal doses of all the nerve agents and stimulants that weretested: VX, sarin, MEP, tabun,” Ross said.

When study animals were givendoses of the enzyme, there were noside effects, thus researchers at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Re­search and the U.S. Army Medical

Research Institute of Chemical De­fense are confident there’s no harm in humans having higher than normallevels of the enzyme in their blood­streams.

Getting hold of and purifying largeamounts of the enzyme is a task thatrespectively fell to WRAIR researcherDr. Ashima Saxena and a Frederick, Md., company named MedImmune.Army researchers found they couldharvest many of the components theyneeded using outdated human plasma.They have also started looking at waysto produce affordable, genetically en­gineered butyrylcholinesterase ingreater amounts than by using out­dated human plasma. “It’s pretty ex­citing research,” Ross said. “We’re justwaiting for the okay to go into humanclinical trials.”

Another item in the research stageat WRAIR that uses similar principlesis a decontaminating sponge. Impreg­nated with enzymes that grab organo­phosphates and arrest them beforethey can harm, the sponge, research­ers hope, will replace the M291 kit.The kit works by having soldiers rubactivated charcoal over themselves to absorb chemical warfare agents.

By including the enzyme acetylcho­linesterase in the sponge, “it grabs or­ganophosphates, whether it’s the oneswe have today, the ones used years agoor ones that may be created in the fu­ture,” said Dr. Richard Gordon, a re­searcher studying new tools for decon­taminating people and equipment atWRAIR. “The additives in the spongenot only remove the organophosphatesfrom the skin but also destroy them.”

See “Enzymes,” page 3

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ The Point—33333

Paste closes gaps in chem protective gearPaste closes gaps in chem protective gearPaste closes gaps in chem protective gearPaste closes gaps in chem protective gearPaste closes gaps in chem protective gearStudies show there’s a fairly high

rate of incorrectly putting on mission-oriented protective posture, or MOPP,gear so soldiers may expose them­selves to possible leaks, said Dr.Ronald Clawson, Deputy Project Man­ager, Chemical Biological MedicalSystems Project Management Office.

“At the various points of closure,like at the ankles, wrists and neck, and waist, MOPP gear has a poten­tial to leak, not because of a fault in the MOPP gear itself but because itmay not be put on correctly, quickly,”he said.

This vulnerability was one of thereasons that scientists at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute ofChemical Defense invented SERPACWA to act as a barrier against chemical weapons. Resem­bling vegetable shortening in appear­ance and texture, the Army-patentedSkin Exposure Reduction PasteAgainst Chemical Warfare Agents

quickly forms a non-tacky film on theskin after it’s applied where gaps inMOPP gear can occur. The paste isalso applied to sweat-prone areas,such as un­derarms, the groin and thebackside be­cause re ­s e a r c h e r s d i s c o v e r e d during the I r a n - I r a qWar that blister agentsare more ef­fective where there’s sweat.

The Army-patented Skin Exposure Reduction Paste Against Chemical Warfare Agents quickly forms a non-tacky film on the skin to act as a barrier against chemical weapons where gaps in MOPP gear can occur.

“Currentlyfor blister agents, there hasn’t beena good treatment or antidote, so thegoal is to prevent exposure,” said Dai

See “Paste,” page 4

“Enzymes,” continued

To make the sponge, two com­pounds are combined in a double-bar-reled syringe. With the consistency ofa piece of bread, the sponge can bemade the size of a towelette or largerfor big clean ups.

“With this product, you can squirtit right on the chemical (agent) andno chemical will come out,” said Dr. Bhupendra Doctor of WRAIR. “So notonly will it detoxify it, but it will con­tain it. People can pick it up, and itcan’t contaminate any longer becauseanything that’s bound to it is perma­nently enclosed and gradually de­stroyed.”

Researchers at WRAIR are also looking at how to reactivate thesponge once its enzymes are ex­

hausted by adding chemicals calledoximes to the sponge.

The sponge may also play the roleof a sensor.

“When there’s a reaction, the sponge changes color. That says theenzyme has encountered a nerveagent,” Ross said. “So if the colorchanges, you start decon, look for ca­sualties and run.”

Right now, the sponge is only mar­ginally effective against vesicants, orblister agents, so WRAIR research­ers continue improving it.

“The warfighter isn’t interested insomething that just works againstnerve agents,” Ross said. “They wantsomething that works against every­thing: a universal decon sponge.”

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○44444—The Point

When used to complement the MOPP gear that soldiers already carry, the paste not only protects but also buys time until warfighters can decontami­nate after an exposure.

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

“Paste,” continued

Kee Liu, the product manager at theU.S. Army Medical Materiel Devel-opment Activity. Since 1991 the Armyhas ushered the product through theadvanced development process.TheFood and Drug Administrationgranted approval in 2002.

SERPACWA works much like non­stick coating on frying pans, Liu said.The two components in the paste—afine powder and an oil—when com­bined, create a chain of molecules that act as a barrier against not onlymajor blister threats, like sulfur mus­tard and T2 toxin, but also nerve agents, like VX, soman, thickenedsoman, and a riot control agent, tear gas.

When used to complement theMOPP gear that soldiers alreadycarry, the paste not only protects butalso buys time until warfighters candecontaminate after an exposure.

“You might not be able to decon­taminate when you’ve got peopleshooting at you, so what we’ve doneis given them this barrier to allowthem time to get back to a clean areawhere they can decon,” Clawson said.

“We’ve done studies that show that ... when you have SERPACWA on and

you decontaminate afterward, youhave practically 100 percent protectionagainst blister and nerve agents.”

Supplied in a 5 1/2 by 4 1/2-inchgreen foil packet with yellow instruc­tions, the scentless paste doesn’t washoff easily, so soldiers won’t even knowit’s there. Developers recommend re­applying it every eight hours, althoughstudies show it’s as effective at 12 hours as when it was first applied, Liuadded.

Soldiers gave positive responses tothe new version, and developers planto conduct additional field tests in late winter or early spring of 2003 to for­mally gather responses on ease of use.

Meanwhile, for the next generationof topical protection, scientists at theU.S. Army Medical Research Instituteof Chemical Defense, including Dr.Ernest Braue Jr. and Capt. StephenHobson, are using SERPACWA in for­mulating a topical skin protectant thatcan destroy or neutralize chemical agents.

“It’s a completely different program,but in their development process, theyfound that the best combination of things that work included SERPACWA in the formulation,” Clawson said.

The U.S. Army Medical Researchand Materiel Command has granteda license for SERPACWA’s technol­ogy to DFB Pharmaceuticals Inc. andits affiliates Healthpoint Ltd. andDPT Laboratories. The licensingagreement was signed in September2002, and provides licensing fees androyalties on commercial sales to theUSAMRMC.

The agreement grants DFB Phar­maceuticals the right to develop theprotectant cream into commercialproducts for consumers. Such prod­ucts would be developed “to reducethe reoccurrence of contact dermati­tis associated with exposure of skinto a variety of irritants, including al­lergens such as poison ivy, oak and

sumac, as well as solvents and bodilyfluids,” said Paul Duesterhoft, DFB Pharmaceutical’s vice president forNew Business Development. DFB’sHealthpoint affiliate will seek FDAapproval for the consumer-based prod­ucts and will also pursue approval ofthe current military product for use byfirst responders and consumers.

“This is a positive business arrange­ment that takes a product out of thegovernment and into the real world,”said Dr. Paul Mele, director, Office of Research and Technology Applications,at USAMRMC.

—Cindy Kronman, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute

of Chemical Defense

Speaking of SERPACWA...

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ The Point—55555

Shigella vaccine to defeat deployment diarrheaShigella vaccine to defeat deployment diarrheaShigella vaccine to defeat deployment diarrheaShigella vaccine to defeat deployment diarrheaShigella vaccine to defeat deployment diarrheaDuring Operations Desert Shield

and Storm 57 percent of troops hadat least one bout with diarrhea; 20 percent reported they were tempo­rarily incapacitated by it, accordingto the 1998 Army Science and Tech­nology Master Plan.

To combat the foe, researchers in the Walter Reed Army Institute ofResearch’s Department of EntericInfections are developing new vac­cines to help deployed warfighterscombat the ubiquitous bacteria.

So far, the institute has four vac­cines in the works. “Ideally, the goalwould be to have one vaccine that will protect against multiple patho­gens that can easily be given to de­ploying soldiers,” said Maj. DavidKatz, a senior clinical investigatorat WRAIR.

A vaccine to combat Shigella flexneri, called SC602, was devel­oped along with The Institut Pas­teur. Since 1992 it has undergoneclinical trials in the States and Bangladesh. “The wonderful thingabout the shigella vaccines is... thebacteria (used in them) are alive butweakened to diminish the amount of symptoms,” Katz said.

Receiving the oral vaccine beforedeploying is key, Katz said. “Most ofthe soldiers will get hit right whenthey arrive in a new area, either be­cause they’re eating on the economyor they’re in a new area and theirsystem has not been primed.”

Another reason to give the vaccineahead of time is because of poten­tial side effects, said Dr. Thomas Hale, Chief of the Department of En­teric Infections at WRAIR. “The vac­cine can cause some short-term fe­vers and mild diarrhea in 20 percentof the people who receive it, so sol­

diers need to take it well before theyget on a plane.”

A vaccine for Shigella sonnei, which attacks travelers and stateside daycare centers, is a possible stand­alone product, Hale said. “This onevaccine could make a significant dif­ference in the health of soldiers de­ployed to the Middle East (where 90percent of outbreaks occur) and thedeveloping world.”

Drs. Malabi Venkatesan and Antoinette Hartman from WRAIR developed the oral vaccine, called Shigella WRSS1, that is currently in clinicaltrials in conjunction with the Uni­versity of Maryland Medical Schooland the National Institute of Allergyand Infectious Diseases.

To combat the deadly form of di­arrhea, dysentery, WRAIR research­ers are working with the BloombergSchool of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University to test the oralWalter Reed Shigella-Dysentery-1vaccine, WRSD1.

The other diarrhea-causing bacte­ria WRAIR and Navy Medical Re­search Unit researchers are tryingto disable is E. coli. Whereas shigellabacteria invades a cell’s wall and moves from cell to cell to spread thedisease, E. coli prefers to stick to theintestine’s lining, homestead andcrank out toxins that cause diarrhea. To outsmart the unwanted tenant, researchers are trying to make anti­bodies that will prevent squattersfrom colonizing because they can’tstick to the intestine. The vaccine’s been tested in a time-release capsuleform as well as a transdermal patch,

“It should be easy for the soldierto use: Just pop the patch on andthat’s it,” Katz said.

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○66666—The Point

Dentists receive lighter, powerful toolsDentists receive lighter, powerful toolsDentists receive lighter, powerful toolsDentists receive lighter, powerful toolsDentists receive lighter, powerful toolsWhen Army dentist Col. Steven

Eikenberg, then a major, was as­signed to a medical company at FortBragg that deployed often, his after-action reports got to the heart of the

problems with field dentalequipment: the generatorand air compressor weretoo heavy and noisy anddental handpieces broketoo frequently.

When his reportsreached the commander of the U.S. Army Dental Re­search Detachment, then located at Walter Reed, he dared Eikenberg to makea difference by becominga researcher for the de­tachment that was mov-

The Dental Field Treatment and ing to the Naval TrainingOperating System replaces Center at Great Lakes, Ill.heavy field equipment. The results of Eiken-berg’s quest for more light­

weight, durable and less power hun­gry equipment have now come to frui­tion with the multi-patented DentalField Treatment and Operating Sys­tem.

Because a five-kilowatt generatorpowered the old dental equipment,dentists needed to pull a trailer be­hind a high mobility multipurposewheeled vehicle. “It was like carry­ing a second vehicle,” Eikenberg said.

The new system gets rid of thetrailer because it runs on a two-kilo-watt, portable generator, a 500-wattgenerator or off a vehicle’s battery.This mobility, said Col. Tim Jones, adental consultant at the Army Medi­cal Department Center and School,is precisely in line with the ArmyChief of Staff’s transformation vision

of increased mobility and deployability.

The system’s new handpiece also re­duced weight while improving reliabil­ity, expanding capabilities and reduc­ing noise. Instead of using the air-tur-bine handpiece that most people asso­ciate with the high-pitch whine in adental office, the DEFTOS has an elec­tric handpiece.

The air turbine handpieces wore outrapidly so dental teams needed to packseveral for deployments because oneor two invariably failed. The new ones,according to an Air Force evaluationteam at Great Lakes, have “excep­tional” track records when it comes to reliability, said Lloyd Salisbury, U.S.Army Medical Materiel DevelopmentAgency’s product manager for theDEFTOS.

The new handpiece’s intraoralfiberoptic light lets dentists see insidea patient’s mouth when lighting is lessthan optimal, and its higher torqueprevents it from stalling while the den­tist prepares a tooth.

The DEFTOS also protects provid­ers from the hearing loss that resultsfrom continued exposure to noisy com­pressors and the whine of the conven­tional handpieces.

The Army currently has 20 of thenew systems, which have been testedin Europe, Korea, Japan and in theStates. The contractor is currentlymodifying one unit, “just to make surewe haven’t created any problems withour changes,” Salisbury said. Once theimprovements are approved, the re­maining 19 will also be modified andagain be issued to dental units for ex­tended user evaluation while Jones determines where they will be fielded.

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ The Point—77777

Activity adopts e-business systemActivity adopts e-business systemActivity adopts e-business systemActivity adopts e-business systemActivity adopts e-business systemA new program, called SR-Web,

which stands for Solicitation and Re-sponse-Web, lets vendors know whenthe U.S. Army Medical Research andMateriel Command wants to pur­chase items, lets vendors submit a bid through the Web and later tells themif they were chosen to supply theitems.

The program works like an Internetauction. “We tell them through theWeb what we’re buying and they cansend in a bid through the Web to sellit at a certain price with a certain de­livery date,” said Craig Lebo, deputydirector for Business Management,for the U.S. Army Medical ResearchAcquisition Activity.

Lebo said the acquisitioncommunity’s long-time vision is tohave an electronic outreach so solici­tations for what the Army wants tobuy get into the hands of sellersquicker.

“The federal procurement processhas always taken too long, and we’retrying to change it so it’s more effi­cient and effective and the customer gets what they need quickly,” Lebosaid.

Currently, SR-Web is designed tohandle purchases of commercial itemsand services under $5 million. Last year, the activity spent more than $20million on awards generated fromelectronic solicitations. Invitations to bid and requests for proposals, whichhandle higher-priced and more com­plex actions, as well as Broad AgencyAnnouncements and Program AreaAnnouncements, which allow re­searchers to submit proposals, andare too large and complicated to usethe SR-Web, although they can bedownloaded from the site.

Although contracting offices in re­cent years have automated at leastsome portion of their workloads, us­ing the Web for the whole process isgroundbreaking, and a time saver forboth the government customer andthe vendors.

“It saves time for the vendors be­cause now they can see the solicita­tion online, and they don’t have toprepare a paper bid, send it and hopeit got to us. They can just submit itvia the Web. If there’s an award, theycan see that, too” said Jim Connors, procurement analyst in the USAMRAA Information Manage­ment Office.

SR-Web costs in the mid-$30,000 range, which includes the purchase,installation, training and mainte­nance. Because SR-Web is part of asuite of programs that interacts withthe Department of Defense’s acqui­sition program, called ProcurementDesktop-Defense, it helps streamlinethe work of the 80 contracting spe­cialists at Fort Detrick. A sister pro­gram to SR-Web called Offer Evalu­ation Web, or OE-Web, lets contract specialists rank all bids collectedfrom SR-Web on the closing day tomake an automated evaluation to assist the specialist in determiningwhich vendor is offering the best dealfor the government.

“The value of OE-Web is, once the program makes its recommendationsand the specialist analyzes the data,the system pulls together all the datait needs and creates the award docu­ment, saving the specialist hours ofwork,” Lebo said. OE-Web also sends a notification e-mail to the winningvendor as well as to vendors whose bids were not selected.

“We tell them, through the Web, what we’re buying and they can send in a bid through the Web to sell it at a certain price with a certain delivery date.”

—Craig Lebo, deputy direc­

tor for Busi­ness Manage­

ment, for the U.S. Army

Medical Research

Acquisition Activity

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○88888—The Point

Diagnosis possible with gene expressionDiagnosis possible with gene expressionDiagnosis possible with gene expressionDiagnosis possible with gene expressionDiagnosis possible with gene expressionGeneticists at the Walter Reed

Army Institute of Research’s Molecu­lar Pathology Lab have discoveredthat instead of looking for a specificbiological agent—the traditional

medical route for diagno-sis—treatment answers may be found in bloodcells’ gene expression re­sponse.

“With our technology,we found that if we take blood soon after exposureto a biological agent, wecan find genes changingbecause of the blood’s im­mune cells that are first responders,” said Dr. RinaDas, group leader for mo­lecular biology. “If you giveblood an insult—any kind

Drs. Rina Das and Rasha of stress or infection— Hammamieh work with gene these cells will respond.”expression at the Walter Reed Knowing that each bac-Army Institute of Research. teria creates its own sig­

nature response can helpproviders quickly identify the correcttreatment—even if the patient isn’tshowing any symptoms and provid­ers don’t know what pathogen they’veencountered.

People in the NewsPeople in the NewsPeople in the NewsPeople in the NewsPeople in the NewsSeeing stars

Secretary of Defense Donald H.Rumsfeld announced Feb. 27 that the president nominated Col. Sheila R. Baxter, chief of staff, U.S. ArmyMedical Research and Materiel Com­mand, for appointment to the rankof brigadier general.

Baxter, a native of Franklin, Va., Baxter said in her wildest dreams, she never

“We don’t really need to identify thepathogen, whether it’s anthrax orsmallpox,” Das said. “Once you havebeen exposed to a deadly agent, thegenes indicate that you are going tocome down with kidney failure or pul­monary distress. The genes predictwhat will happen so treatment canstart.”

Time is a critical player with thenow-patented technology, which canpick up blood changes as early as 30minutes after an exposure to a toxin.

“With toxins, you have to treat thepatient quickly,” said Dr. Marti Jett,chief of the Department of MolecularPathology. “With bacteria and virusesyou may have a little leeway. Some ofthe diseases are acute, and you haveto act fast.”

The work has validated the re­searchers’ belief in the role of geneticsin diagnosis.

“People are skeptical about diagno­sis based on gene expression,” Jettsaid. “We still have a lot work to do, but our findings have shown that hostgene responses can provide earlymarkers of pathogen exposure, andthat could lead to identification of new therapeutic targets that can be initi­ated rapidly.”

expected to be nominated, especiallyhaving pinned on colonel two yearsago. Only one brigadier general slot isavailable to Medical Service Corpscolonels to aspire to.

“This was all from God,” she said, pointing up. “I had nothing to do withit.”

The Senate confirmed the nomina­tion March 31.

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ The Point—99999People in the NewsPeople in the NewsPeople in the NewsPeople in the NewsPeople in the News

Gorgas Medal Col. Raj Gupta re­

ceived the Gorgas Medalat the November 2002 As­sociation of Military Sur­geons of the UnitedStates Conference. Named for Maj. Gen. Wil­liam Crawford Gorgas,

Gupta the award is given “foroutstanding contribu­tions to military preven­

tive medicine in support of militarymedical research and the national de­fense.”

“The award is recognition of mywork that I’ve done over the years onproducts that help soldiers surviveand make their lives a little bit easier,” said Gupta, the U.S. ArmyMedical Research and Materiel Command’s director of research plans and programs for the past two years.

Gupta’s nominator, Col. FrazierGlenn, deputy for research and de­velopment, said Gupta is tenaciouswhen it comes to getting products tothe warfighter.

“He has the knack that so manydon’t...for being able to stick with theconcept to implementation,” Glennsaid. “If the bureaucracy blocks theroad to success in one avenue, then he finds the back road or the side road to get make sure that the fund­ing and the user acceptance all comestogether.” Glenn was not alone in rec­ognizing Gupta’s qualifications forthe award. The late Col. Don Johnson, who worked with Gupta,prepared the nomination package forsignature before Glenn could ask himto help draft it, Glenn added.

Excellence Capt. Mark Hartell learned he’d

taken one of the Medical Service Corps’ top honors when Brig. Gen. Ri­chard Ursone, Assistant Surgeon

General and Deputy Chief of Stafffor Force Sustainment for the U.S. Army Medical Command broke thenews Jan. 3. Hartell was the 2002 Chief, Medical Service CorpsAward of Excellence winner in the health sciences category.

“I stood all by myself at atten­tion in my office as I spoke to him,”the captain said, laughing.

Since receiving his direct com­mission, Hartell has been workingon a class of malaria drugs calledtryptanthrins, along with Capt.Daniel Nichols, Dr. ApurbaBhattacharjee and Dr. Ricky Hicksand an interdepartmental team ofabout seven additional scientists.

The department he works withconducts research on experimentaltherapeutics, and the tryptanthrinscertainly lives up to the division’sname. Because funds for drug de­velopment must be spent pru­dently, researchers at WRAIR usecomputer modeling techniques tofind out how a molecule does what it does and how it might be used to fight themalaria parasite.

“That allows us to elimi­nate a tremendous amount of trial and error without going into the laboratoryand using chemicals andspending resources,” Hartell said.

The Staten Island, N.Y., Hartell native also works as a con­sultant for the Air Force Munitions Directorate at Eglin AirForce Base, Fla., and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. And ifthat work doesn’t keep him busy,his other job as a lecturer andspokesperson for the Anthrax Vac­cine Immunization ProgramAgency does.

Calling him “absolutely the fin­est allied scientist that I have ever

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○1010101010—The Point

Bush

People in the NewsPeople in the NewsPeople in the NewsPeople in the NewsPeople in the Newsknown,” Lt. Col. John Van Hamont, Chief of Medicinal Chemistry andHartell’s supervisor, said that whenhe was detailing Hartell’s work, hehad a difficult time keeping withinthe page limitations for the awardnomination.

“Quite simply, to say that Cap­tain Hartell’s future is paramountto the Medical Service Corps andthe U.S. Army is an understate­ment,” Van Hamont said.

NCO, Soldier of the Year Thirteen soldiers from

U.S. Army Medical Re-search and Materiel Com­mand units competed inearly February to be namedthe command’s Soldier and NCO of the Year. U.S. Army Medical Mate-riel Center, EuropeSgt. Keoki SuerthSpc. Timothy O’Camb U.S. Army AeromedicalResearch LaboratorySgt. Marcia McGeeSpc. Reid Carpenter U.S. Army MedicalResearch Institute of Chemical Defense Sgt. Tony John

O’Camb Spc. Mark Smith Walter Reed Army Insti­tute of Research, Dental

Research Detachment Sgt. Cindy WilliamsSpc. Jonathon West U.S. Army Research Institute ofEnvironmental Medicine Sgt. Tommy BruingtonSpc. Daniel Kemp U.S. Army Medical Research In-stitute of Infectious Diseases Sgt. Gary Bush U.S. Army Medical InformationSystems and Services AgencySgt. Jason McCoySpc. Rogelio Buenrostro

Sgt. Gary Bush of the U.S. Army Medical Research Instituteof Infectious Diseases, and Spc.Timothy O’Camb of the U.S. Army Medical Materiel Center, Eu­rope, learned Feb. 5 they were cho­sen to represent the command atthe U.S. Army Medical Commandcompetition as NCO and soldier ofthe year, respectively.

Inventor When Staff Sgt. Eric

Smeed volunteered to help the U.S. Army In­stitute of SurgicalResearch’s burn team during a mass casualtyexercise in March 2000, he was on his way to Smeed making an indeliblemark on military medicine. Ap­proached by Lt. Col. Lee Cancio, theSpecial Medical Augmentation Re­sponse Team leader in San Anto­nio, Smeed was asked to find a waythe team could avoid strappingmedical equipment to a patient,which to a burn patient is uncom­fortable and can injure the patientand the equipment.

After developing a $1,500 proto­type with the Air Force machineshop at Brooks Air Force Base,Texas, in June 2000 then creatingthree additional versions, the plat­form is now patented, licensed andin production at Impact Instrumen­tation, Inc., in New Jersey. TheSpecial Medical Emergency Evacu­ation Device, or SMEED, is a black, aluminum and stainless steel plat­form, that is 14 inches long, 22inches wide and adjusts to threeheights. It mounts anywhere on astandard NATO litter and with two pins and special brackets can holdportable medical equipment, in­cluding a ventilator, suction, moni­tor, infusion pump, power supply

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ The Point—1111111111People in the NewsPeople in the NewsPeople in the NewsPeople in the NewsPeople in the News

and steel and carbon-fiber oxygencylinders.

Smeed received a $5,000 award from the Army Ideas for ExcellenceProgram. Now a recruiter in TampaBay, Fla., he was recognized asArmy Military Suggestor of the Yearfor 2002 in a ceremony at the Pen­tagon March 14.

Woman to watch Col. Michelle Ross,

director of the Medical Chemical Defense Re­search Program for theU.S. Army Medical Re-search and Materiel Command, was chosen as one of Jewish Woman

Ross magazine’s 10 Women toWatch for 2002.

Of the 100 women initially in therunning, Ross made the final cut tothe top 10 after several eliminationrounds. Though some of the honor­ees were nominated, Ross was cho­sen because her name appeared inthe magazine’s files of newspaperand magazine clippings, said JessicaBuel, marketing associate for themagazine.

“Essentially, we nominated her,”Buel said. Other women to make the top 10 list include a breast cancerresearcher, a rabbi, a vice presidentwith Chanel, and a documentaryfilmmaker, to name a few. The women were selected “for their in­spiring work in art, culture, commu­nity, business, politics, media, fam­ily, science and spirituality,” accord­ing to the magazine’s press release.

New inductees New members were inducted to

the Order of Military Medical Meritat the U.S. Army Medical Researchand Materiel Command Conference Feb. 2-6. Membership is limited toArmy Medical Department commis­

sioned and noncommissioned officers and civilians. New inductees include: � Col. Kenneth Bertram � Lt. Col. R. Keith Martin � Lt. Col. Beau Freund � Col. Isiah Harper � Lt. Col. Jose Lopez � Maj. Robert Wildzunas � Sgt. Maj. Bernadette Welsh � Master Sgt. Michael Brooks

Bronze Star awardee

Col. Daniel Strickman was awarded the Bronze Star June 5 for his six months of work for the Third Medi­cal Command, which covers land from Kyrgyzstan tothe Horn of Africa.

“The most inter- Strickman esting thing was be­ing able to apply my profession oversuch a huge area and make it work,”said Strickman, who works at the Walter Reed Army Institute for Re­search. “Starting out, I wouldn’t havesaid that was possible, but that wasour job and that’s what we did.”

As head of the preventive medicinesection and theater entomologist fortroops throughout Afghanistan andPakistan, Strickman had his hands in everything from food safety, drink­ing water, air quality and waste dis­posal to insect, rodent and snake sur­veillance and control. He and his staff also created a system to delouse 200detainees in Kandahar before theycould be sent to Cuba.

For the colonel who also served in Honduras during a conflict in 1986,this Bronze Star is a first. The medal is granted for heroic or meritoriousachievement on the ground while en­gaged in an action against an enemyof the United States.

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○1212121212—The Point People in the NewsPeople in the NewsPeople in the NewsPeople in the NewsPeople in the News

Dr. Specialist Spc. (that’s right, specialist, E-4)

“Dr.” Anthony Williams, of the Walter Reed Army Institute ofResearch after defending his re­search thesis Feb. 19, completedhis requirements for a doctor ofphilosophy degree in neurosci­ence.

Earning the degree requiredthe 33 year old to juggle a full-time course load with a full-time job of providing research support

Williams for the Department of Neurop­harmacology and Molecular Bi­

ology. Williams supported researchprograms, maintained a high-pricedhand receipt and, as junior enlistedsoldiers must, pulled guard duty andserved on trash detail.

The soldier’s “talent, his work ethic, and ferocious appetite forknowledge “ allowed Williams to com­plete the degree, said Dr. FrankTortella, one of Williams’ mentors who also supervises him at WRAIR.“I’m never at a loss of adjectives todescribe how outstanding he is.”

Williams will receive his degree atthe Uniformed Services University ofHeath Sciences May 17, four and ahalf years after starting his journey.

Winning researcher Dr. Connie S. Schmaljohn, U.S.

Army Medical Research Institute ofInfectious Diseases, received the first Joel M. Dalrymple award presentedby the Association of Military Sur­geons of the United States.

Schmaljohn accepted the award atSchmaljohn the AMSUS Annual Meeting in Lou­

isville, Ky., in November.The award is named for Dr. Joel

M. Dalrymple, an internationally re-nowned virologist and molecular bi­ologist who made substantial contri­butions to the field of modern vaccine development for the Department ofDefense. Throughout his career, he

played a major role in the success ofmultiple vaccine projects conducted atUSAMRIID and at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. He diedin 1992.

According to the AMSUS Web site,the award is given to “an individualwho has made a significant contribu­tion in the development of modern bio­logical defense vaccines.”

Schmaljohn came to USAMRIID in1980 to work as a postdoctoral re­search fellow in Dalrymple’s labora­tory, having earned her doctorate atColorado State University. Her initial efforts were focused on the virus that causes Japanese encephalitis. In 1981,she began studying hantaviruses,which became her life’s work.

Currently, Schmaljohn and col­league Dr. Jay Hooper are working ona new hantavirus vaccine that looks very promising in animal models. Ac­cording to Schmaljohn, the DNA vac­cine should be ready for clinical trialsin about a year. It is expected to beprotective against three different vi­ruses that cause HFRS. A second can­didate is being developed to protectagainst Puumala, a related virus.

Partnership award The U.S. Army Research Institute

of Environmental Medicine, in Natick, Mass., received the 2002 OutstandingSchool Partner award from the Mas­sachusetts Association of School Com­mittees and Ashland School Commit­tee for its contributions to the David Mindess School during a ceremony atthe school Dec. 17.

USARIEM was nominated by theAshland school system, which has aformal agreement with USARIEMunder the federal Partnership in Edu­cation program, and along with theNatick and Framingham school sys­tems, actively supports science educa­tion. The institute was selected from more than 80 nominees statewide.

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○