Tsunami Advisory Information for the Northwest Pacific and Indian Oceans issued by the

Japan Meteorological Agency

Yuji NISHIMAE

Japan Meteorological Agency

Contents

• JMA Tsunami Warning Service

• Techniques for determination of hypocenter and magnitude of distant earthquakes

• Northwest Pacific Tsunami Advisory

• Tsunami Watch Information for the Indian Ocean

• Summary

JMA

Pacific Tsunami Warning Center/NOAA

Exchange of Information 　・ Hypocenter　・Magnitude　・ Tsunami Observation

Seismological Data

Sea Level Data

Tsunami Warning to

Japan

Northwest Pacific

Tsunami Advisory

Tsunami Watch Information to

the Indian Ocean Countries

JMA Tsunami Warning Service

Occurrence of

Earthquake GenerationGeneration

ofofTsunamiTsunami

Detection of

Seismic Wave

Determinationof

Location and Magnitude

Evaluationof

Expected Tsunami

Issuanceof

Tsunami Warning

Updateof

Tsunami Information

Detection of

Tsunami at sea level station

Seismic Network Seismic Network

Real time data processing systemReal time data processing system

Components of tsunami warning system

Sea Level Data to monitor tsunami Sea Level Data to monitor tsunami

Sequence of Tsunami Warning

Real time data transmission Real time data transmission

Re-evaluationof

Tsunami

(Propagation)

Techniques for determination of hypocenter and magnitude of

distant earthquakes

Global Seismological Network (IRIS/USGS, IRIS/IDA)

Worldwide　 Network　 (Broadband Stations)

IRIS/USGS seismic data via the Internet.

Analyzing the Location of the Earthquake

Comparison with Epicenters (USGS)

USGS JMA

Calculation of Mwp

Seismic wave form of UD component of STS2 seismometer

10-3 10-2 10-1 100 1010

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

Frequency(Hz)

Mag

nific

atio

n

Frequency response of the filter applied to the seismic wave data

S

S

P

P

Mw=a*log(A)+b*sin(Δ /2)+cMw : moment magnitudeA : root mean square amplitude of UD component of STS2Δ : epicentral distance in degree

Empirical formula for Mwp

5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.55

5.5

6

6.5

7

7.5

8

8.5

Mw(Harvard)M

w(M

at)

5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.55

5.5

6

6.5

7

7.5

8

8.5

Mw(Harvard)

Mw(M

at)

3minutes P-S　

Mw : moment magnitudeA : root mean square amplitude of UD component of STS2Δ : epicentral distance in degree

Mw=0.82027log(A)+1.04289log(sin(Δ /2))+5.62775 Mw=0.83419og(A)+0.98455log(sin(Δ /2))+5.63274

Comparison with Mw(Harvard)

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5

5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5Mw (Harvard)

Mw

p (

JMA

)

8m以上

8m 2m～4m 2m～2m 1m～1m以下

8m以上

8m 2m～4m 2m～2m 1m～1m以下

8m以上

8m 2m～4m 2m～2m 1m～1m以下

データベース

Major TsunamiTsunamiTsunami Attention

Tsunami Forecast Operation

量的津波データベース

量的津波データベース

Issuance of tsunami warning which contains forecasted arrival time and tsunami height in each coastal region (66 regions in Japan)Tsunami

Database

Tsunami Warning

Retrieve from the database of tsunami height referring to the location and magnitude of the earthquake

Numerical Simulation

Setting Fault Models

Assumed Epicenter:Assumed Epicenter:

　　　　　　 4141

MagnitudeMagnitude ：：

　　　　　　 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.57.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5

Depth：

　　　 0, 20, 40,60,80,100km

CMT analysis

• Length of Data– 20 minutes

– 30 minutes

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000YAK

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000YAK

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000 YAK

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000ULN

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

ULN

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

ULN

YAK ULN

0 50 100 150 200 250 300-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

KONO

0 50 100 150 200 250 300-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000KONO

0 50 100 150 200 250 300-500

0

500

1000

1500KONO

KONO

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

MA2

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

MA2

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

MA2

MA2

Comparison between synthetic waves(red) and observed waves(blue). Radial, transverse and vertical component from top and bottom in each station.

JMA

Harvard

Centroid Moment Tensor Solution

Northwest Pacific Tsunami Advisory

GlobalSeismicNetwork

Northwest Pacific Tsunami Advisory Center

Estimated Tsunami Arrival

Time and Height

Countries in Northwestern Pacific Ocean

JMA Headquarters

JapaneseSeismicNetwork

Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC)

Information Exchange - Magnitude - Epicenter - Tsunami Information

Contents of Northwest Pacific Tsunami Contents of Northwest Pacific Tsunami AdvisoryAdvisory

Responsible Coasts of NWPTAC

• Source Parameters– Origin time (UTC),

Coordinates (latitude, longitude), Location name of the epicenter , Depth (if 100km or more), magnitude

• Evaluation of Tsunamigenic Potential

• Estimated heights and arrival times

• Observations of tsunami

Sea Level Stations in the Pacific Ocean

Interim Provision of Tsunami Watch Information for the Indian Ocean

Motivation for Interim Provision of Tsunami Watch Information for the Indian Ocean Country

Interim Provision of Tsunami Watch Information

Need an Emergency Measure

If a big tsunami were generated again

Tsunami Watch Information should be Regarded as a Reference for Taking Preventive Measure against

Possible Tsunamis on the Responsibility and Initiative of the Individual Countries

Sea level dataSea level data

Japan Meteorological

Agency

Collection via Internet

Country

Dissemination of Tsunami Watch

Information

PacificTsunamiWarningCenter

Collection via Internet or

Meteorological Satellites

Seismic waveform data

Seismic waveform data

Country

Country

Through the Global Telecommunication

System of WMO, E-mail and/or Facsimile

(Currently available)

(Enhancement of communication facility of existing tide gauges)

National arrangements

Indian Ocean region

on the responsibility and initiative of the individual countries!

India

Indonesia

Australia

Malaysia

Thailand

Myanmar

Bangladesh

Iran

Pakistan

Oman

Yemen

UAE

Sri Lanka

Maldives

Singapore

Mozambique

East Timor

Seychelles

South Africa

Tanzania

Kenya

Reunion Island

Chagos Archipelago

Mayotte Island

Kerguren Island

Amsterdam Island

St. Paul Island

Mauritius

Madagascar

Comoros

Crozet Island

Australia MozambiqueBangladesh MyanmarComoros OmanEast Timor PakistanFrance SeychellesIndia SingaporeIndonesia Sri LankaIran South AfricaKenya TanzaniaMadagascar ThailandMalaysia United ArabMaldives UnitedMauritius Yemen

Recipient Countries

• Source Parameters– Origin time (UTC),

Coordinates (latitude, longitude), Location name of the epicenter , Depth (if 100km or more), magnitude

• Evaluation of Tsunamigenic Potential

• Estimated Tsunami Travel Time

• Observations of tsunami

Contents of TWI

Sea Level Stations in the Indian Ocean

Colombo

Male

Hanimaadhoo

GanPort LouisePort La Rue

Salalah

Sea level data　（ Indian Ocean）

1m

Sea Level Data of M8.7 Sumatra Earthquake on 28 March in the Indian Ocean

3/29 3/30　　JST

The Northwest Pacific Tsunami Advisory and the Tsunami Watch Information

Issued since March 2005

Advisory Origin Time(UTC) Latitude Longitude M Issued Time(UTC)

TWI 2005/ 4/ 10 10:29 -1.1 99.4 6.8 2005/ 4/ 10 10:56

TWI 2005/ 4/ 16 16:38 1.9 97.8 6.5 2005/ 4/ 16 16:59

TWI 2005/ 4/ 28 14:07 2.2 96.9 6.6 2005/ 4/ 28 14:30

TWI 2005/ 5/ 14 5:05 0.7 98.7 6.8 2005/ 5/ 14 5:32

TWI 2005/ 5/ 19 1:54 2.0 97.0 6.6 2005/ 5/ 19 2:15

TWI 2005/ 7/ 5 1:52 1.9 97.0 6.7 2005/ 7/ 5 2:15

TWI 2005/ 7/ 24 15:42 8.7 92.1 7.3 2005/ 7/ 24 16:02

NWPTA 2005/ 8/ 16 2:46 38.1 142.4 6.8 2005/ 8/ 16 2:55

NWPTA 2005/ 9/ 9 7:27 -4.6 153.3 7.3 2005/ 9/ 9 7:56

Elapsed Time until Issuance

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2005/ 4/ 1 2005/ 5/ 21 2005/ 7/ 10 2005/ 8/ 29

DATE

ISSU

E T

IME (

MIN

.)

TWI NWPTA

SUMMARY

NWPTA:2times, TWI: 7 times since March Issuance within 30 minutes No significant difference between JMA and

USGS, Harvard in location and magnitude Improvement of accuracy of depth of an

earthquake