TSP2

Bridge Preservation Training

Ed WelchBridge Preservation EngineerNCPP @ MSU

Outline

Today we will talk about1. General Introduction to TSP-2 & Bridge Preservation

2. Outline the need for a few Critical Actions

3. Define Your Training Wants and Needs

TSP-2

•What does TSP-2 stand for??

•AASHTO - Technical Services Program

•Transportation Systems Preservation (Pavement & Bridges)

Bridge Preservation Definition

Bridge Preservation is: “Actions or strategies that prevent, delay or reduce deterioration of bridges or bridge elements, restore the function of existing bridges, keep bridges in good condition and extend their life." Source: AASHTO Board of Directors, Policy Resolution PR-3-11, October 17, 2011.

Think of it like this

A good Bridge Preservation Program includes:

Cyclical Maintenance,

Routine Maintenance,

Reactive Maintenance

Preventative Maintenance

Minor Rehabilitation

Bridge Maintenance is Reactive & Bridge Preservation is Proactive

Raise your hand if you don’t have a family member crossing a

“Non-State Owned Bridge” every day.

•Does anyone know how many Bridges there are in the country?

•Does anyone know how many are County, City & Town owned?

We have Options

What are our Bridge Preservation options?

1. Options are Budget Based2. Options are based on The Environment3. The Options we choose must be Efficient4. The Right Action at the Right Time is our best Option

We have Priorities

What should we do first, and what should we do last?

•Think Proactivly

• Picking the right Priority can make your bridges safer, extend the life of the Bridge, and ultimately generate funds to replace the bridges in most need.

Asset Mgmt. & Deterioration Modeling

Do you see a blank slide?

Deterioration Modeling

100%

0% 50 75

Years

Inspection Reports

•Where do they go?

• They are important documents that can generate: Safer Bridges, Legislative and Public Awareness, and ultimately FUNDING!

• So wave them around! Don’t put them in a file drawer!

•One of our biggest problems is not communicating the value of Bridge Preservation

What’s Next?

Anything between thinking about being proactive to developing a National Bridge Preservation Program for LTAP’s.

QUESTIONS?COMMENTS?

Developing a Bridge Preservation Program

Peter Weykamp. P.E.

Objective

Attendees gain a clearer understanding of the resources necessary to perform effective bridge preservation actions.

Support LTAP in delivering information on bridge preservation to local agencies

Defining Bridge Preservation

• “Bridge preservation is defined as actions or strategies that prevent, delay, or reduce deterioration of bridges or bridge elements, restore the function of existing bridges, keep bridges in good condition and extend their life. Preservation actions may be preventive or condition-drive.” FHWA – Bridge Preservation Guide

– Excuse me if I happen to call it maintenance

What’s in it for You?

• Understand bridge needs

• Choose effective preservation actions

• Achieve cost savings

• Be a proactive manager

• Reduce user delays

• Develop a balanced program– Avoid “worst-first” approach

•Know where to put 1st preservation $

Presentation Outline

• Review current capabilities

• Outline the framework for a bridge preservation program– Bridge Management System (BMS)

• Discuss preventive maintenance actions – Cyclical, condition-based

• Identify skills, tools, materials, necessary to perform effective preservation actions

• Discuss means for continuing dialogue & support

Framework of a BP Program - BMS

• Inventory and condition of asset

• Capture severity and extent of element deterioration

• Identify and record bridge needs

• Estimate of costs of actions

• Hold bridge history

• Contains agency objectives– Priority structures

• Network level analysis– Network vs project

• Develop a work plan

• Short term with view on long term

• Optimization algorithm– Agency values

• How the work will be accomplished

• Commitment to BP

Inspection Reports

• NBI and Element level ratings– National bridge elements (NBEs)

•Condition states

– Bridge management elements (BMEs)

• Comments & pictures

• Network &/or project data

• Spreadsheets & queries

• Field input

Condition States in the NBE

Element #: 302 Compression Joint Seal

Description: This element defines only those joints filled with a preformed compression type seal. This joint may or may not have an anchor system to confine the seal.

Classification: Bridge Management Element

Units of Measurement: ft.

Quantity Calculation: The quantity for this element is determined by summing all the lengths of the joint measuredalong the skew angle.

Contract Options

• Indeterminate quantity, indeterminate location– Job Order Contracts

– Time & Materials (force account work)

• Traditional bid – Bundle same work, various locations

• Specific scope– On-call for specific work

• Federal / state aid requirements

Review Capabilities of Agency Forces

• Environmental Awareness

• Safety & Health– PPE, equipment, materials

• Skills– Carpentry, masonry, welding

• Equipment– Lift truck, access to the work

• Available crew hours

Current Capabilities

• Highway managers– Support

– Collaboration

• Existing management system– Suitability for bridge & culvert data

• Familiar highway network

• Common equipment– Dumps, skid steers, excavator,

mowers, compressors

• Common tools & skills– Hand tools, welding equip., concrete

saws, mortar mixers,

– Traffic control, flagging, cones

• Health & Safety / Environmental awareness– Hearing, eyes, gloves, boots, dust,

haz-mat, MSDS

Enhancing Capabilities

• Vernacular – new terms

• Data sources– Inspection reports

– Support and expertise

• Bridge management system (BMS)

• Work site dynamics– Heights, waterways, tight quarters

• Equipment & small tools– Bucket trucks, man-lifts, jacks

• Skills– Welding, masonry, carpentry

• Form & pour, jacking & shoring

• Worker Safety– Fall protection, respirators,

scaffolding, water rescue

• Materials– Reinforced concrete, steel, polymers

• Assessment / Feedback– Productivity, C/B analysis

Enhancing Capabilities

Enhancing Capabilities

Effective Bridge Preservation Actions

• Cyclical actions– Done on a set frequency

•Washing, sealing, slope clearing, …

• Condition-based repairs– Based on inspection findings

•Structural or non-structural– Non-structural

» Channel work, joint repair, …

Washing, Cleaning, Flushing

• Environmental: MOU or permit from regulatory agency– water quality concerns

• Why: remove debris & Clˉ, flush drainage, hydroplane

• With what: Pressure washer (3-5k psi) / fire hose, pump

Clˉ free water, substructure access equip, compressor

• When: Annually, ahead of the inspection, monthly, etc.– During high water

• Where: Joint, curb line, bridge seat, girder ends

Washing (continued)

– Remove large debris and dispose of off site

– Flush out the drainage system to ensure it is functioning

– Sweep deck surface, but NOT into stream or onto road•Less than 1 yard³ can commonly be spread in the ROW

– Look for areas of loose or peeling paint•Do not wash these areas

– Look for bird nests before washing •Do not disturb within 3 ft of a nest

•Commonly, before April 15 & after August 15, an empty nest can be removed before cleaning

Washing (continued)

– Wash water can be from a hydrant or a stream •Municipal water should be checked for chlorides

•Stream or pond water should be withdrawn through a ¼” diameter screen

– Water from one stream may not be transported and used to wash a bridge in a different watershed

– All equipment (boots, buckets, backhoes, etc.) must be cleaned inside and out with a chlorine/water solution and dry before future use

– If necessary, collect wash water for off-site disposal

•Do not dump any contaminated water back in source!

Washing (continued)

Sealing Concrete• PPE / Environmental concerns

– Respirator, eye shield, tyvek

– Contain sealer to bridge

• Why: Retard Clˉ intrusion, allow drying

Gore-tex for concrete

• With: Penetrating sealer• Silane (recommended)

• When: 5 to 6 years for deck, 10 yrs other

• Where: Deck, fascia, bridge seat,

pedestals, pier caps

Sealing (continued)

• Cleaned and dry concrete– Pressure washed

• Equipment– Pump with spark arrestor

– Pour & spread, spray bar

– Garden sprayer, hose

• Cost– $0.10 per foot2

Sealing (continued)

This bridge spans the Connecticut River / 2 owners / maintenance divided at the state line

Which side applies penetrating sealer?

Slope Clearing

• Environmental/PPE: Poison ivy, invasive species, face shield, gloves

• Why: Allow concrete to dry, facilitate inspection,

minimize root intrusion

• With: Bush hogs, chain saws, mowers, chippers, weed whackers

• When: Often initially, then as req.

• Where: Slopes along wing walls, near sidewalks, underpass shoulders

Channel Work

• Why– Maintain hydraulic opening, manage

meandering

– Repair armoring & slope protection

• With what– Saws, grapple hooks, rip-rap, slope protection

• When– As necessary, before rain season

Channel Work (continued)

Joint Repair

• Why– Protects super & substructure

elements

• With what– Elastomeric materials, drill,

concrete, buckets, various joint seal types

• When– Condition-based

Joint Seal Types

Preformed Silicone Pourable silicone Asphalt plug joint Closed-cell foam

Joint Seal Types (continued)

Neoprene with armor angle Strip seal Closed-cell foam

Joint Repair

Remove unsound concrete

Form gap

Install anchoring

Joint Repair (continued)

Place concreteMix polymer concrete Chamfer edges

Sizing Preformed Joint Seals

• Calculate total movement– Length, temp. range, material

• Measure gap width– Record temperature

• Determine max. & min. gap

• Select seal width

• Check allowable % compression & tension of seal

Will This Joint Perform?

• What time of year is it? – Summer installation

•What will happen in the winter?

– Winer installation•What will happen in the

summer?

Joint Failure Modes

Loss of compression Compression set Lack of anchorage

We, the bridge maintenance community of America hold these truths to be self-

evident: all joints leak, all concrete cracks, and rust never sleeps. We will

strive to capitalize our way out of maintenance and maintain our way out of capital. It is our endeavor to educate others that a bridge is as important to a

highway as a diamond is to a ring.

References & resources

• AASHTO Maintenance Manual for Roadways and Bridges, 2007

• Bridge Maintenance Training Reference Manual, – NHI Training Course No. 134029, 2003

• Fundamentals of Bridge Maintenance and Inspection– NYSDOT Office of Operations, 2008

• NCPP www.tsp2.org

• NCHRP 12-100 Guidelines for Maintaining Small Movement Expansion Joints – est. completion: 2016

References & resources (continued)

• Regional Bridge Preservation Partnerships

• LTAP

• State, County, Local agencies

• Industry

• Material Representatives

• Associations

• Demonstrations

Review

• Outlined a framework for a bridge maintenance program– Inventory, assessment, document needs, budget, record

accomplishments, review

• Presented simple but effective bridge preservation actions– Low cost, common skills & equipment, enviro. & safety awareness

training, equipment & skills development

• Provided resources to support development of an effective bridge preservation program

QUESTIONS?COMMENTS?

Peter Weykamp, P.E

TSP2

Bridge Preservation Training

Survey & OptionsPete Weykamp & Ed Welch, NCPP @MSU

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Total 26 26 26 26 27 28 25 26 29*1-4 15 21 15 2 14 7 5 16 17*7-9 6 4 9 17 6 15 13 2 6*1-3 10 18 13 2 9 4 2 11 14

Training Survey Wish List

Yes No UnsureTraining on Cleaning and Painting Steel Be 8 10 8Trainin on Concrete deck sealers 21 2 4Training on how to build GRS 16 3 8Training on Epoxy overlays 14 5 7Training on Bridge Joint Maintenance/Re 20 2 6

Prioritizing Needs

•We want it all

•But we have to be realistic about “The Budget”

• In House or Contract?

•Understanding Primary Bridge Elements Vs. Secondary Elements

•This all goes back to picking the Right Action at the Right Time

The Menu• Washing and sealing• Concrete repair• Protection of Structural steel• Deck Overlays• Scour• Joint Maintenance• Management Systems• Many Others (Reactive and Proactive)

What Perspectives do you want to hear?

•Owner (Local Agencies & States)

• Supplier

•Contractor

•Academia

• FHWA

Probably all of them would be best.

QUESTIONS?COMMENTS?