tsd-phg/12-1-97/agairqu.ppt improving agricultural pm 10 emission estimates in california dale shimp...
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TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Improving Agricultural PM10
Emission Estimates in California
Dale ShimpCalifornia Air Resources Board
December 1, 1997
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Emission Inventory Comprehensive Estimates of
Emissions from Air Pollution Sources
Point, Area, and Mobile Sources
Based on Typical Local Conditions
ARB & District Cooperative Effort
Continual Improvements
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Estimation of Emissions
Emission Factor (EF)– Emissions per unit of activity (i.e., lbs/PM10
per acre tilled)
Activity Data (Process Rate, PR)– Vehicle Miles Traveled, Acre-Passes
Emissions– Emissions = EF x PR
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Particulate Matter Is... Sand and Soil
– Geologic material, dust, dirt
Soot– Combustion products, wood smoke, diesel exhaust
Secondary Particles– Formed via reactions in atmosphere of gaseous
pollutants
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Particulate Categories TSP - Total Suspended Particulate
– PM30: particles 30 microns of less in size; mainly composed of geologic material
PM10 - particles 10 microns or less– Can be dominated by geologic dust particles or
secondary particles
PM2.5 - particles 2.5 microns or less– Typically combustion products & secondary PM
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
PM10 Emission Sources for SJV
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
PM
10 (
ton
s/d
ay)
HarvestingAgricultural Tilling
Fugitive WindblownUnpaved Road Dust
ConstructionPaved Road Dust
Mobile SourcesOther
21
78
55
120
19
54
15
67.4
Major Annual SJV PM-10 Sources
Updated 1993 Emissions
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Agricultural PM10 Sourcesof Interest
Field/Orchard Operations
Wind Blown Dust
Farm Equipment Exhaust
Livestock Waste
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Current Agricultural Emissions Inventory
Land Preparation for All Crops
Almond/Walnut Harvesting
Cotton Harvesting
Agricultural Lands Windblown Dust
Farm Equipment Exhaust
Cattle Feedlot Dust
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Land Preparation
Acreage Data from California Department of Food and Agriculture
Cultivational Practices from Farmers
Emission Factors from AP-42 (U.S. EPA)
NRCS Soil Silt Data
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Harvesting
Acreage Data from California Department of Food and Agriculture
Cultivational Practices from Farmers
Emission Factors from UC Davis
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Wind Blown Dust Land Use Data from Department of Water
Resources
Soils Data from Natural Resources Conservation Service
Incorporated Crop Canopy and Irrigation Effects
ARB Estimation Methodology Adapted from USDA Soil Erosion Equation
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Agricultural PM10 and the Overall PM10 Inventory
Annual Emissions Deceptive
Farm Operations High in the Fall
Windblown Dust High in the Spring
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Monthly SJV PM10
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
PM
10 E
mis
sio
ns (
tons/d
ay)
JAN APR JUL NOV
Unpaved Road Dust
Fugitive Windblown
Farming Operations
Other Sources
San Joaquin Valley PM10 EmissionsMonthly 1993 Emission Estimates
Source Categories
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Planned Inventory Improvements
Crop and Equipment Specific Emission Factors
Additional Harvest Emissions
Livestock Emissions (Ammonia & Dust)
Further Use of GIS Based Estimates
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
PM10 Emission Changes
TSD-phg/5-27-97
0
100
200
300
400
PM
10
(to
ns
/da
y)
HarvestingAgricultural Tilling
Fugitive Windblown
0
140
410
21
7969
Old Emissions Updated 1993 Emissions
Agricultural SJV PM-10 SourcesComparison of Old and Updated 1993 Emissions
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Crop Calendar for CottonFractionPassesCrop
Passes During MonthAcreagePer CropCyclesFarming OperationsDecNovOctSepAugJulJunMayAprMarFebJanPer Cycle(3)Cycle(2)Per Year(1)
Land Preparation1.041 Land Preparation1.021 Seed Bed Preparation
Planting1.011
Growing Season1.031Operation
Harvesting1.011
Postharvest1.011 Shredding
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Seasonal Activity Profile
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Fra
ctio
n o
f O
pe
ra
tio
ns P
erfo
rm
ed
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Seasonal Activity ProfileLand Preparation - Fresno County
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
Agricultural PM10 Meetings
Work with Farm Industry Representatives
Identify Crops to be Updated
Meet With Growers of Identified Crops
Complete Crop Calendars for All Major SJV Crops
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
PM10 Emissions Sources for SJV
Fuel Combustion (4%)Industrial & Other (3%)
Waste Burning (6%)
Farming Operations (26%)
Construction (4%)
Mobile Sources (3%)
Fugitive Windblown (13%)
Unpaved Road Dust (28%)
Paved Road Dust (13%)
Updated 1995 SJV PM-101995 Primary PM10 Sources)
1995 Inventory/ARB/3-28-97 430 tpd total PM10
Graph does not includesecondary particulateemissions
(Approx. 50% Agriculture Related)
(91% Agriculture Related)
TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT
PM10 Emission Changes
0
100
200
300
400
PM
10
(to
ns
/da
y)
HarvestingAgricultural Tilling
Fugitive WindblownUnpaved Road Dust
ConstructionPaved Road Dust
Mobile SourcesOther
0
140
410
170
62
230
33
61
21
79
69
110
18
53
25
71
Old Emissions Updated 1993 Emissions
Major SJV PM-10 SourcesComparison of Old and Updated 1993 Emissions
Approximately 60%Decrease Overall
1106 tpd PM10 430 tpd PM10TSD-phg/5-27-97