ts/cv/dc cfd team cfd simulation of a fire in cern globe of science and innovation sara c. eicher...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TS/CV/DC CFD TeamTS/CV/DC CFD Team
CFD Simulation of a Fire in CFD Simulation of a Fire in
CERN Globe of Science and InnovationCERN Globe of Science and Innovation
Sara C. Eicher
CERN, CH
![Page 2: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
THE PROBLEMTHE PROBLEM
Sara C. Eicher
• The Globe is a spherical shape building made mainly of wood, with a crown vortex placed at its top. It consists of two floors and a basement room.
![Page 3: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
THE PROBLEMTHE PROBLEM
Sara C. Eicher
• The Globe is a spherical shape building made mainly of wood, with a crown vortex placed at its top. It consists of two floors and a basement room.
• The building is fitted with fire sprinkler, ventilation and smoke extraction systems.
![Page 4: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
THE PROBLEMTHE PROBLEM
Sara C. Eicher
• The Globe is a spherical shape building made mainly of wood, with a crown vortex placed at its top. It consists of two floors and a basement room.
• The building is fitted with fire sprinkler, ventilation and smoke extraction systems.
• Current emergency strategies to control smoke spread and evacuation are incomplete due to need to comply with established fire safety regulations.
![Page 5: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
THE PROBLEMTHE PROBLEM
Sara C. Eicher
• The Globe is a spherical shape building made mainly of wood, with a crown vortex placed at its top. It consists of two floors and a basement room.
• The building is fitted with fire sprinkler, ventilation and smoke extraction systems.
• Current emergency strategies to control smoke spread and evacuation are incomplete due to need to comply with established fire safety regulations.
• In the event of a fire in the first floor, the smoke extractor in place is believed to be inadequate for removal of the hot smoke accumulated in the ceiling of the first floor hall.
![Page 6: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
Sara C. Eicher
• To evaluate the performance of current emergency smoke extraction strategies of the Globe in the event of a fire.
![Page 7: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
Sara C. Eicher
• To evaluate the performance of current emergency smoke extraction strategies of the Globe in the event of a fire.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of installing hatches at the central vortex to provide natural smoke evacuation by comparison with the behaviour of the smoke system currently in place.
![Page 8: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
Sara C. Eicher
• To evaluate the performance of current emergency smoke extraction strategies of the Globe in the event of a fire.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of placing hatches at the central vortex to provide natural smoke evacuation by comparison with the behaviour of the smoke system currently in place.
• To optimise the improved smoke evacuation system by investigating the effect of location, size and overall quantity of hatches to be placed within the constraints of the vortex geometry.
![Page 9: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
THE CFD MODELTHE CFD MODEL
Sara C. Eicher
• Only the first floor hall is modelled.
![Page 10: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
THE CFD MODELTHE CFD MODEL
Sara C. Eicher
• Only the first floor hall is modelled.
• The fire is represented by a non-spreading fluid region and modelled as quadratically increasing source of heat placed in the middle of the first floor. The combustion process was not simulated.
• The fire maximum heat output was set equal to 250kW/m3
![Page 11: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
THE CFD MODELTHE CFD MODEL
Sara C. Eicher
• Only the first floor hall is modelled.
• The fire is represented by a non-spreading fluid region and modelled as quadratically increasing source of heat placed in the middle of the first floor. The combustion process was not simulated.
• The fire maximum heat output was set equal to 250kW/m3.
• Overall geometry takes into account the lift cage, inner ramp and wall partitions, 2 exit doors and the smoke extractor.
![Page 12: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
THE CFD MODELTHE CFD MODEL
Sara C. Eicher
• Only the first floor hall is modelled.
• The fire is represented by a non-spreading fluid region and modelled as quadratically increasing source of heat placed in the middle of the first floor. The combustion process was not simulated.
• The fire maximum heat output was set equal to 250kW/m3.
• Overall geometry takes into account the lift cage, inner ramp and wall partitions, 2 exit doors and the smoke extractor.
• Fire sprinkler and ventilation systems are not considered.
• Smoke extractor assumed as a mass sink.
• Adiabatic wall conditions.
![Page 13: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
THE CFD MODELTHE CFD MODEL
Sara C. Eicher
• Only the first floor hall is modelled.
• The fire is represented by a non-spreading fluid region and modelled as quadratically increasing source of heat placed in the middle of the first floor. The combustion process was not simulated.
• The fire maximum heat output was set equal to 250kW/m3.
• Overall geometry takes into account the lift cage, inner ramp and wall partitions, 2 exit doors and the smoke extractor.
• Fire sprinkler and ventilation systems are not considered.
• Smoke extractor assumed as a mass sink.
• Adiabatic wall conditions.
• Calculation strategy: start from an isothermal steady state solution and use results as initial guess to transient calculation accounting for the development of the fire.
![Page 14: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
GEOMETRY & MESHGEOMETRY & MESH
Sara C. Eicher
• Mesh containing around 400,000 tetrahedral shape cells
• Two cases studied: Case A – without hatches (current design configuration)
Case B – with hatches at the crown vortex
• Transient model simulates 14 minutes of fire development
Lift Cage
Wall Partitions
Crown Vortex
Side Ramp
Exit Door
Exit Door
Wall PartitionsWall Partitions
Fire
![Page 15: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
RESULTS – TEMPERATURE FIELDRESULTS – TEMPERATURE FIELD
Sara C. Eicher
Case A Case B
![Page 16: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
RESULTS – VELOCITY FIELDRESULTS – VELOCITY FIELD
Sara C. Eicher
Case A
Case B
![Page 17: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
• CFD model was able to predict the overall behaviour of the smoke extraction system currently in place, in case of a fire sprinkler failure.
Sara C. Eicher
![Page 18: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
• CFD model was able to predict the overall behaviour of the smoke extraction system currently in place, in case of a fire sprinkler failure.
• Numerical results show expected temperatures stratification at the dome.
• Degree of stratification depends on the airflow pattern inside the hall, with temperatures at the ceiling up to 60˚C for case A.
Sara C. Eicher
![Page 19: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
• CFD model was able to predict the overall behaviour of the smoke extraction system currently in place, in case of a fire sprinkler failure.
• Numerical results show expected temperatures stratification at the dome.
• Degree of stratification depends on the airflow pattern inside the hall, with temperatures at the ceiling up to 60˚C for case A.
• Installing of hatches at the vortex crown can improve the clearing of hot gases close to the ceiling, with temperatures about 20˚C lower than in the original configuration.
Sara C. Eicher
![Page 20: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
• CFD model was able to predict the overall behaviour of the smoke extraction system currently in place, in case of a fire sprinkler failure.
• Numerical results show expected temperatures stratification at the dome.
• Degree of stratification depends on the airflow pattern inside the hall, with temperatures at the ceiling up to 60˚C for case A.
• Placing of hatches at the vortex crown can improve the clearing of hot gases close to the ceiling, with temperatures about 20˚C lower than in the original configuration.
• Both scenarios suggest that after 14 minutes of fire development, conditions at floor level remain acceptable for safe evacuation of people from the building.
Sara C. Eicher
![Page 21: TS/CV/DC CFD Team CFD Simulation of a Fire in CERN Globe of Science and Innovation Sara C. Eicher CERN, CH](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649cfa5503460f949cc940/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
• CFD model was able to predict the overall behaviour of the smoke extraction system currently in place, in case of a fire sprinkler failure.
• Numerical results show expected temperatures stratification at the dome.
• Degree of stratification depends on the airflow pattern inside the hall, with temperatures at the ceiling up to 60˚C for case A.
• Placing of hatches at the vortex crown can improve the clearing of hot gases close to the ceiling, with temperatures about 20˚C lower than in the original configuration.
• Both scenarios suggest that after 14 minutes of fire development, conditions at floor level remain acceptable for safe evacuation of people from the building.
Sara C. Eicher