TSBF INSTITUTE of CIATTSBF INSTITUTE of CIAT

Outcome line: ISFM-based crop production Outcome line: ISFM-based crop production systems for major impact zones systems for major impact zones

in sub-Saharan Africain sub-Saharan Africa

KSW 2008

TSBF INSTITUTE of CIATTSBF INSTITUTE of CIAT

ProgramProgram: ISFM-based agricultural production : ISFM-based agricultural production systems for major impact zones systems for major impact zones

in the in the tropicstropics

KSW 2009

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The The GoalGoal of the ISFM Outcome line is to improve the of the ISFM Outcome line is to improve the livelihoodslivelihoods of people relying on agriculture in the of people relying on agriculture in the impact zonesimpact zones in in sub-Saharan Africa by developing and creating an sub-Saharan Africa by developing and creating an enabling enabling environmentenvironment for disseminating sustainable, profitable, socially for disseminating sustainable, profitable, socially just, nutrient-dense, and resilient just, nutrient-dense, and resilient agricultural production systemsagricultural production systems based on based on Integrated Soil Fertility ManagementIntegrated Soil Fertility Management

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GoalGoal

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Definition of ISFMDefinition of ISFM

Ag

ron

om

ic e

ffic

ien

cy

Currentpractice

Germplasm & fertilizer

+ Organicresource mgt

+ Localadaptation

Germplasm& fertilizer’

+ Organicresource mgt

Germplasm & fertilizer

‘Full ISFM’Move towards ISFM

Increase in knowledge

‘The application of soil fertility management practices, and the knowledge to adapt these to local conditions, which optimize fertilizer and organic resource use efficiency and crop productivity. These practices necessarily include appropriate fertilizer and organic input management in combination with the utilization of improved germplasm’

Resilient Production Systems

Natural Resource

Management

Markets Health

Policy

AdaptedMarketableGermplasm

AdaptiveNRM

ProductionResponse

Local Consumption LabourMarket

Operation

National andWorld Trade

Policies

MarketOpportunity

HealthCare

Marketing and income generationMarketing and income generation Improved health and nutritionImproved health and nutrition

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Rel

ativ

e in

cre

ases

in y

ield

/AE

Adoption potential

LO

W

LOW HIGH

HIG

H

QUADRANT D- ‘Low-high’• Tree and herbaceous improved

fallows• Alley farming • Biomass transfer systems• Fallows with indigenous trees• Slash-and-burn (low population

densities)

QUADRANT A – ‘High-high’• Fertilizer micro-dosing in sorghum-

millet-based systems • Soybean – maize rotations with

fertilizer targeted to different phases of the rotation

• Improved cereal-legume intercropswith targeted fertilizer application

•

QUADRANT B – ‘High-low’• ‘Seeds and fertilizer’• Crop residue utilization• Animal manure• Grain legume - cereal rotations

without fertilizer• Cereal - grain legume intercrops

without fertilizer

QUADRANT E – ‘Low-low’• Composting, household waste• Bio-solids

QUADRANT C – ‘?-?’• ISFM for cassava-based systems• ISFM for banana-based systems• ISFM for upland rice (eg, NERICA)• ISFM in conservation agriculture

Agricultural Agricultural productionproductionsystemssystems

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Impact zonesImpact zones

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Highlight: ISFM for cassava-based systems in DR Congo Highlight: ISFM for cassava-based systems in DR Congo

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

- - - - fertilizer - fertilizer

- - - - - 2ndlegume

2ndlegume

local 1x1 1x1 2x0.5 2x0.5 2x0.5 2x0.5

leg

um

e g

rain

yie

ld (

kg h

a-1

)

cassava spacing

improved variety

local variety

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Highlight: Facilitating the soybean value chain in Kenya Highlight: Facilitating the soybean value chain in Kenya

Email of BIDCO (soybean processor) of 6th May 2009: ‘We Bidco-elainto  will buy and process any quantity of  SOYA beans you produce. Please note that you need to worry for Marketing your soya beans at all in Kenya. We are the buyer.’

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Highlight: Training of agro-dealers in ISFM Highlight: Training of agro-dealers in ISFM

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MTP 2010-2012 – Outputs MTP 2010-2012 – Outputs

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Output 1: ISFM practices for legume-cereal based systems in the West African Sahel and the West, East, and southern African savanna impact zones promoted.

Output 2: ISFM practices for cassava and rice based systems in the West and Central African humid forest and for banana based systems in the Central and East African mid-altitude impact zones assembled.

Output 3: ISFM practices for conservation agriculture systems in the Central America hillside impact zone assembled.

MTP 2010-2012 – Output TargetsMTP 2010-2012 – Output Targets

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A set of mechanistic principles underlying ISFM practices, for cassava and rice systems in the West and Central African humid forest and for banana-based systems in the Central and East African mid-altitude Impact Zones, in close cooperation with AfNet.

A set of holistically evaluated ‘complete’ ISFM practices, including biological inoculants, for cereal-legume systems in the West-African Sahel and the West, East, and southern African moist savanna Impact Zones.

A decision support framework for eco-efficient ISFM practices for cereal-legume systems in the West-African Sahel and the West, East, and southern African moist savanna Impact Zones.

An enabling environment for the adoption of ISFM practices, including strategic alliances along the legume-cereal value chains, sufficient knowledge on health and nutrition, effective partnerships, and technical stakeholder capacity for cereal-legume systems in the West-African Sahel and the West, East, and southern African moist savanna Impact Zones.

Institutionalization of knowledge and approaches for evaluating and disseminating ISFM practices within the governmental and non-governmental extension systems, operating in the West-African Sahel and the West, East, and southern African moist savanna Impact Zones.

Renewed link to Latin America – QSMAS systemRenewed link to Latin America – QSMAS system

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Is inserted into the landscape to improve livelihoods while conserving the natural resource base.

Favors local biodiversity

(conservation of about 14

species from 12 families of

trees and shrubs).

Due to a combined effect of

permanent soil cover:– Dramatically reduces

soil losses due to erosion – Improves water productivity

and quality + F - F + F - F + F - F + F - F

Soil

loss

(t h

a-1

) in

22 w

eeks

0

10

20

30

40

50

Slash & Burn <2 years 5-7 years >10 years Fallow

QSMAS

LSD0.05= 13.4

+ F - F + F - F + F - F + F - F

Soil

loss

(t h

a-1

) in

22 w

eeks

0

10

20

30

40

50

Slash & Burn <2 years 5-7 years >10 years Fallow

QSMAS

+ F - F + F - F + F - F + F - F

Soil

loss

(t h

a-1

) in

22 w

eeks

0

10

20

30

40

50

Slash & Burn <2 years 5-7 years >10 years Fallow

QSMAS

LSD0.05= 13.4

Soil losses in 3 land use systems after 22 weeks

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Renewed link to Latin AmericaRenewed link to Latin America

Some thoughts on eco-efficiencySome thoughts on eco-efficiency

Eco-efficiencyEco-efficiency: yes! : yes! ButBut only if enhanced productivity! only if enhanced productivity!

EnvironmentalEnvironmental: Eco-efficiency is embedded in the definition: Eco-efficiency is embedded in the definition (maximizing Agronomic use Efficiency of inputs)(maximizing Agronomic use Efficiency of inputs)

EconomicEconomic: Creation of an enabling environment (markets);: Creation of an enabling environment (markets); but:but: markets can be destructive for the soil resource base! markets can be destructive for the soil resource base!

SocialSocial: Exclusion of specific groups of farmers will impact: Exclusion of specific groups of farmers will impact on provision of soil-based services at farm and landscape levelon provision of soil-based services at farm and landscape level

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A soils platform in Sub-Saharan AfricaA soils platform in Sub-Saharan Africa

Critical massCritical mass to address soil-related problems to address soil-related problems Soils platform as a means to Soils platform as a means to supply all ISFM componentssupply all ISFM components (germplasm, inputs, knowledge, etc) developed by CG and(germplasm, inputs, knowledge, etc) developed by CG and partnerspartners Sounding boardSounding board for partners on soil fertility-related issues for partners on soil fertility-related issues Information centerInformation center on soils, both technical and development- on soils, both technical and development- orientedoriented Promotion of soil fertility investments at Promotion of soil fertility investments at policy levelpolicy level Etc, etcEtc, etc

CIALCA as an embryonic soils platform in Central Africa?CIALCA as an embryonic soils platform in Central Africa?[www.cialca.org][www.cialca.org]

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Resources neededResources needed

1. Funding1. Funding- Need for major investments (eg AGRA, BMGF)- Need for major investments (eg AGRA, BMGF)

2. Staff2. Staff- Current: soil fertility, soil science, - Current: soil fertility, soil science, microbiology, markets, nutritionmicrobiology, markets, nutrition- Through other program areas: social sc. - Through other program areas: social sc.

GIS, dissemination, seed systemsGIS, dissemination, seed systems- Partnerships: ARI, dissemination- Partnerships: ARI, dissemination- AfNet: Capacity building - AfNet: Capacity building

3. Infrastructure3. Infrastructure- Regional representation- Regional representation

Kinshasa

BukavuLilongwe

MaputoHarare

KigaliMaseno

Sadore

Nairobi

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Key assumptions Key assumptions

The various major investments are linked to each other in The various major investments are linked to each other in time and spacetime and space

Capacity building initiatives are implemented sufficiently quick Capacity building initiatives are implemented sufficiently quick and in close relationship with the other investmentsand in close relationship with the other investments

Partnerships are effective (capacity!)Partnerships are effective (capacity!)

Rural service providers, infrastructureRural service providers, infrastructure

Political interest (see earlier green revolutions)Political interest (see earlier green revolutions)

And many more…And many more…

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Some final thoughts Some final thoughts

Complete ISFM is complex – do we start with less eco-efficientComplete ISFM is complex – do we start with less eco-efficient approaches as entry point that make a difference approaches as entry point that make a difference (e.g., AE (e.g., AE

of the Malawi fertilizer program was only 14 kg grain/kg of the Malawi fertilizer program was only 14 kg grain/kg fertilizer nutrient applied); fertilizer nutrient applied); how eco-efficient is sufficient?how eco-efficient is sufficient?

It is crucial to be present in the Impact Zones (regional offices) It is crucial to be present in the Impact Zones (regional offices) but at the same time challenging to keep the offices operating.but at the same time challenging to keep the offices operating.

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Thank you!

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