true or false: the earth s surface has stayed the...
TRANSCRIPT
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True or False: The Earth’s surface
has stayed the same for
thousands of years
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True or False: The Earth’s surface
has stayed the same for thousands of
years
The Earth’s surface is always
changing!
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Weathering – Breaks down
Erosion -moves
Deposition –deposits / builds
Weathering, erosion, and deposition act together in a
cycle that wears down and builds up Earth’s surface
Earth’s Changing Surface
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Weathering
The breakdown of Earth’s crust into smaller
pieces.
Must occur before erosion can happen
No movement usually occurs.
Sediments- naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of
weathering; small/tiny pieces of rock
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the process of breaking down Earth’s surface into smaller pieces – similar to a physical change
Physical/Mechanical
Weathering
Physical Weathering -- The steep walls here were carved out by moving water
Palo Duro Canyon in the High Plains Eco-Region
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Causes of Physical
Weathering
Enchanted Rock in the Llano Uplift Eco-region
Exfoliation-warming and cooling of rocks over time causes rocks to peel into sheets
1.Water
2.Ice
3.Wind
4.Gravity
5.Organisms
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Chemical Weathering
This cave was formed by slightly acidic water
dissolving the limestone
Chemical weathering occurs when chemical reactions dissolve the minerals in rocks or changes them into
different minerals (rusting, acid breakdown, etc)
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Causes of Chemical
Weathering
Natural Bridge Caverns in Texas
1.Oxidation
2.Hydration
3.Carbonation
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Let’s compare
Please draw a Venn diagram and compare chemical and physical weathering.
How are they similar/different?
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Water causes weathering
What evidence of
weathering do you see
in this picture?
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Wind causes weathering
What evidence of
weathering do you see
in this picture?
Why wasn’t this mass
of land weathered
away?
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Ice causes weathering
Describe how ice
causes weathering?
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Erosion
The process by which water, ice, wind or
gravity move sediments.
What evidence of
erosion do you see in
this picture?
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Erosion is Movement of
Sediment!• Erosion is the
process by which weathered rock and soil (sediment) are moved from one place to another.
• Erosion carves the Earth's surface creating canyons, gorges, and even beaches.
What do you think has caused
this rock to look this way?
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Erosion is Movement of
Sediment!
The intensity of erosion is determined
by the 4 S’s:
• Sum (amount)
• Speed
• Slope
• Surface
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Wind Erosion
• As the wind blows
it picks up small
particles of
sand/sediment and
blasts large rocks
with the abrasive
particles, cutting
and shaping the
rock.
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Wind Erosion
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Water causes Erosion
When rain falls to the Earth
it can evaporate, sink into
the ground, or flow over
the land as Runoff.When it flows over land,
erosion occurs.
Runoff picks up pieces of
rock and "runs" downhill
cutting tiny grooves
(called rills) into the land.
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Water Causes Erosion• runoff, rivers, and streams
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Water causes Erosion
How much erosion
takes place is
determined by the:
• Sum (amount)
• Slope
• Speed
• Surface
Can you act increasing
and decreasing the
four S’s?
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Ice Causes Erosion
Glaciers wear down the
landscape; by picking up and
carrying debris that moves
across the land along with
the ice.
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Ice Causes Erosion
Glaciers can pick up and carry sediment that ranges in size from sand grains to boulders bigger than houses.
Moving like a conveyor belt and a bulldozer, a single
glacier can move millions of tons of material!
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Ice Causes Erosion
How much erosion
takes place is
determined by
the:
• **Sum (Glaciers are
massive!)
• Slope
• Speed
• Surface
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Gravity is the force that moves
rock and other materials
downhill.
Gravity causes Erosion
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Gravity causes erosion
landslide clip.mpeg
Creep, Slump, Landslides, Mudslides, and Avalanches.
These are examples of mass movement
(or called mass wasting)
Slower Faster
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Gravity causes Erosion
How much erosion takes
place is determined by
the:
• Sum
• **Slope
• Speed
• **Surface
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Bare Slopes vs. Vegetation Stabilized
Slopes
How do weathering, erosion and depostion impact
each side of the “hill”?
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Bare Slopes vs. Vegetation
Stabilized Slopes
• Mudslide danger• Loss of topsoil
• Clogged storm drains• Flooding problems• Expensive clean up
• Eroded or buried house foundations
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Bare Slopes vs. Vegetation Stabilized Slopes
• Mudslide danger• Loss of topsoil
• Clogged storm drains• Flooding problems• Expensive clean up• Eroded or buried
house foundations
• Soil in place• Less clean up
• Minimum erosion• Protection
for housefoundations
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Plants CAN CAUSE weathering
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Plants CAN PREVENT erosion
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ErosionGalveston Texas before/after Hurricane Ike
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Deposition
Deposition is the process by which sediments are deposited in new locations.
• Together, Erosion and Deposition build new landforms.
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Delta
Soil and dirt carried by these rivers is deposited at the
mouth (where rivers meet the ocean), and new land
is formed. The new, soil-rich land is known as a
Delta
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Canyons
This simple animation provides
you with a visualization of how the
Colorado River has "downcut"
into the rock layers of the Grand
Canyon.
How long it took to carve the
Grand Canyon is debated by
geologists.
Some estimates are between 6
and 8 million years, which is very
recent by comparison.Canyons are large
valleys created by a
river or stream.
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Meanders
Meandering streams wander side to side as they
constantly seek out the lowest elevation.
This constant motion creates a series of S-shaped
“loops”.
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Meanders - Extra Info
Stream Velocity varies from one side to the other side
of the “S”, resulting in erosion in some places and
deposition of sediments in others.
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Floodplains
• Floodplains are an area
of land that is prone to
flooding.
• These are low-lying
areas along the sides of
a river channel that have
regular times of heavy
waterflow to cause the
river to spill over and
flood the land.
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Look at the picture of Galveston above, what do you think will happen to this land if another hurricane hits the Galveston coast? Explain each component and how will the island be effected.
WED