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F2.
1 N
LO +
LH
C7
IsoP
hoto
ns
2 =
10
GeV
2 Q
HIG
GS
FROM
GLUON
FUSIO
N
( G
eV )
HM
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Ratio to NNPDF2.1
0.96
0.98
1
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.081.
1
Hig
gs g
gF N
LO c
ross
sec
tion
(MC
FM
)
NN
PD
F2.
1
NN
PD
F2.
1 +
LH
C Is
oPho
tons
Hig
gs g
gF N
LO c
ross
sec
tion
(MC
FM
)
�
MODERATE
IMPACT
ON
GLOBAL
FIT
(BUT
COULD
RESOLVE
DIS
CREPANCIE
S)
�
SUFFIC
IENT
TO
AFFECT
HIG
GS
CROSS
SECTIO
N
OUTLOOK
WIS
HLIS
T
,
ROADMAP
�
PRECISIO
NLHC
PHYSIC
SMUST
USE
PRECISELHC
DATA
�
A“C
OLLID
ER
ONLY”HERA+LHC
FIT
(TEVATRON
DATA
MIG
HT
BE
SUPERFLUOUS)
{
MEDIU
M&
LARGE
x
GLUON
�
PROMPT
PHOTONS
�
(PRECIS
ION)JETS
�
INCLUSIV
E
W
pT
DIS
TRIB
UTIO
NS
{
LIG
HT
FLAVOR
SEPARATIO
N
�
LOW–MASSDRELLY
AN
�
HIG
H–MASSDRELLY
AN
�
Z
RAPID
ITY
DIS
TRIB
UTIO
NS
�
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ASYMMETRIE
S
{
STRANGENES&
HEAVY
FLAVORS
�
STRANGENESS
)
W
+
�
CHARM
)
Z
+
,
+
�
BOTTOM
Z
+
b
�
MOST
OF
THESE
ALREADY
AVAILABLE(A
TLEAST
INPRELIM
.FORM)
�
ATLAS
JETS
AND
W
,Z
RAP.DISTNS.FULLY
AVAILABLE(36
PB
�
1
)
FOR
DIS
COVERY,WE
NEED
TO
TRUST
OUR
SIG
NAL!
EXTRAS
NMC
DATA:A
PROBLEM?
�
NMC
PROTON
AND
DEUTERON
DATA
FORDIS
F
2
STRUCTURE
FUNCTIO
N
�
F
2
STRUCTURE
FUNCTIO
NDATA
USED
INMSTW,CTEQ,NNPDF
FITS,
WOULD
THE
USE
OF
CROSS
SECTIO
NDATA
MAKE
ADIFFERENCE?
(A
lekhin,
B
l�um
lein,
M
o h,
2011)
e�(x;y;Q2 )=F 2(x;Q
2)
� 2
�
2y
+
y2=[1
+
R
(x;Q
2)℄
�
(N
LO
:arXiv:1102.3182;N
N
LO
:prelim
inary)
NMC
DATA:A
PROBLEM?
�
NMC
PROTON
AND
DEUTERON
DATA
FORDIS
F
2
STRUCTURE
FUNCTIO
N
�
F
2
STRUCTURE
FUNCTIO
NDATA
USED
INMSTW,CTEQ,NNPDF
FITS,
WOULD
THE
USE
OF
CROSS
SECTIO
NDATA
MAKE
ADIFFERENCE?
(A
lekhin,
B
l�um
lein,
M
o h,
2011)
e�(x;y;Q2 )=F 2(x;Q
2)
� 2
�
2y
+
y2=[1
+
R
(x;Q
2)℄
�NNPDF
FIT
REPEATED
WITHNMC
XSECT
OR
NONMC
(N
LO
:arXiv:1102.3182;N
N
LO
:prelim
inary)
EFFECT
ON
GLUON
x-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
10
)]2
R[g (x, Q 0.850.9
0.95
1
1.051.
1
1.151.2
1.25
2 G
eV4
= 1
02
Rat
io to
NN
PD
F2.
1, Q
NN
PD
F2.
1
NN
PD
F2.
1-N
MC
xsec
NN
PD
F2.
1-no
NM
C
2 G
eV4
= 1
02
Rat
io to
NN
PD
F2.
1, Q
EFFECT
ONHIG
GS
XSECT
[ G
eV ]
HM
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
( H -> gg ) ) σ R (
0.9
0.95
1
1.051.
1
1.15
NN
LO g
g->H
pro
duct
ion,
Rat
io to
NN
PD
F2.
5 (T
MP
)
NN
PD
F2.
5 N
NLO
(TM
P)
NM
C-X
SE
C
NN
PD
F2.
5 N
NLO
(TM
P)
NM
C S
F
NN
LO g
g->H
pro
duct
ion,
Rat
io to
NN
PD
F2.
5 (T
MP
)
NO
SIG
NIFIC
ANTCHANGE
OBSERVED
NMC
DATA:A
PROBLEM?
ACLOSER
LOOK
�
ALEKHIN
ET
AL.SEE
LARGE
SHIFT
INBESTF
IT
�
s
:FROM
0.1170(N
MC
F
2
)TO
0.1135(N
MC
�
s
)
�
HOW
MUCH
OF
THEIR
CHANGE
INH
IGGS
XSECT(�
8%
)DUE
TO
CHANGE
IN
�
s
?
�
BASED
ON
POWER
COUNTIN
G,EXPECT
2:8�
�
s
=
8%
(!)
�
EITHER
REMOVENMC
DATA,OR
CHANGE
VALUE
OF
�
s
INMSTW
FIT
(Thorne,presented
by
W
att
at
P
D
F
4LH
C
2011
):
{ {
�
s
{
�
s
=
0:113
NMC
DATA:A
PROBLEM?
ACLOSER
LOOK
�
ALEKHIN
ET
AL.SEE
LARGE
SHIFT
INBESTF
IT
�
s
:FROM
0.1170(N
MC
F
2
)TO
0.1135(N
MC
�
s
)
�
HOW
MUCH
OF
THEIR
CHANGE
INH
IGGS
XSECT(�
8%
)DUE
TO
CHANGE
IN
�
s
?
�
BASED
ON
POWER
COUNTIN
G,EXPECT
2:8�
�
s
=
8%
(!)
�
EITHER
REMOVENMC
DATA,OR
CHANGE
VALUE
OF
�
s
INMSTW
FIT
(Thorne,presented
by
W
att
at
P
D
F
4LH
C
2011
):
{
IMPACT
OFNMC
DATA
NEGLIG
IBLE
{
IMPACT
OF
�
s
VALUE
COMPARABLE(S
OMEWHAT
SMALLER)TO
WHOLEABKM
EFFECT
{
MSTW
ANDABKM
RESULTS
STILL
QUITE
DIFFERENT
EVEN
FOR
SAME
�
s
=
0:113
THE
VALUE
OF
�
s
�
DEDIC
ATEDM
UNIC
HMEETIN
G(F
EB2011):
S.BETHKE
PROPOSES
TWO
UPDATED
VALUES:
{
(1)
�
s
=
0:1174
�
0:0011
{
(2)
�
s
=
0:1187
�
0:0006
{
BOTH
INCLUDE
NEW
VALUE
FROM
�
DECAYS
�
s
=
0:1213
�
0:0014
(WAS
�
s
=
0:1197
�
0:0016
)
{
VALUE(1)ALSO
INCLUDES
NEW
SCET
VALUE
FROM
e+
e�
THRUST
(A
bbate
et
al.,2010)
�
s
=
0:1135
�
0:0010
,BUT
ALL
UNCERTAIN
TIE
SRESCALED
BY
FACTOR2
{
VALUE(2)EXCLUDES
IT
�
AVERAGIN
GTHE
TWO
MOST
RELIA
BLE
VALUES(G
LOBALEW
FIT
&
�
,BOTH
N
3
LO,NO
DEP.ON
HADRON
STRUCTURE)GIV
ES
�
s
=
0:1209
�
0:0013
�
0
:0
0
2
THE
VALUE
OF
�
s
�
DEDIC
ATEDM
UNIC
HMEETIN
G(F
EB2011):
S.BETHKE
PROPOSES
TWO
UPDATED
VALUES:
{
(1)
�
s
=
0:1174
�
0:0011
{
(2)
�
s
=
0:1187
�
0:0006
{
BOTH
INCLUDE
NEW
VALUE
FROM
�
DECAYS
�
s
=
0:1213
�
0:0014
(WAS
�
s
=
0:1197
�
0:0016
)
{
VALUE(1)ALSO
INCLUDES
NEW
SCET
VALUE
FROM
e+
e�
THRUST
(A
bbate
et
al.,2010)
�
s
=
0:1135
�
0:0010
,BUT
ALL
UNCERTAIN
TIE
SRESCALED
BY
FACTOR2
{
VALUE(2)EXCLUDES
IT
�
AVERAGIN
GTHE
TWO
MOST
RELIA
BLE
VALUES(G
LOBALEW
FIT
&
�
,BOTH
N
3
LO,NO
DEP.ON
HADRON
STRUCTURE)GIV
ES
�
s
=
0:1209
�
0:0013
�
UNCERTAIN
TY
LARGER
THAN
0
:0
0
2
QUITE
UNLIK
ELY
METHODOLOGY:“S
TANDARD”(H
ESSIA
N)APPROACH
THE
TOLERANCE
PROBLEM
�
CHOOSE
AFIX
ED
FUNCTIO
NAL
FORM
(�25
�
30
PARMS.GLOBALLY)AND
FIT
PARMS
TO
DATA
�
UNCERTAIN
TIE
SDETERMIN
ED
FROM
HESSIA
NMATRIX
AT
MIN
IMUM
�
STANDARD
�
�2
=
1
BANDS
TOO
NARROW
)
LARGE
DIS
CREPANCIE
SFOR
INDIV
IDUAL
EXPERIM
ENTS
�
TOLERANCE
)
ENVELOPE
OF
UNCERTAIN
TIE
SOF
EXPERIM
ENTS
�
DYNAMIC
AL
)
SEPARATELY
DETERMIN
ED
FOR
EACH
HESSIA
NEIG
ENVECTOR
MIN
IMUM
�2 i
VS
GLOBAL
�2
C
ollins,Pum
plin
2001
CTEQ
TOLERANCE
PLOT
FOR4TH
EIG
ENVEC.
-30
-20
-10010203040
distance
Eig
enve
ctor
4
BCDMSp
BCDMSd
H1a
H1b
ZEUS
NMCp
NMCr
CCFR2
CCFR3
E605
CDFw
E866
D0jet
CDFjet
MSTW
TOLERANCE
PLOT
FOR13TH
EIG
ENVEC.
2p F µ BCDMS
2d F µ BCDMS
2p F µ NMC
2d F µ NMC
pµ n/ µ NMC
2p F µ E665
2d F µ E665
2 SLAC ep F
2 SLAC ed F
L NMC/BCDMS/SLAC F
E866/NuSea pp DY
E866/NuSea pd/pp DY
2 N F ν NuTeV
2 N F ν CHORUS
3 N xF ν NuTeV
3 N xF ν CHORUS
Xµµ →Nν CCFR
Xµµ →Nν NuTeV NCr σ H1 ep 97-00 NCr σ ZEUS ep 95-00 CCr σ H1 ep 99-00 CCr σ ZEUS ep 99-00
charm
2 H1/ZEUS ep FH1 ep 99-00 incl. jets
ZEUS ep 96-00 incl. jets
incl. jets p II p ∅ D
incl. jets p CDF II p
asym. νl → II W ∅ D
asym. νl → CDF II W
II Z rap. ∅ D
CDF II Z rap.
2p F µ BCDMS
2d F µ BCDMS
2p F µ NMC
2d F µ NMC
pµ n/ µ NMC
2p F µ E665
2d F µ E665
2 SLAC ep F
2 SLAC ed F
L NMC/BCDMS/SLAC F
E866/NuSea pp DY
E866/NuSea pd/pp DY
2 N F ν NuTeV
2 N F ν CHORUS
3 N xF ν NuTeV
3 N xF ν CHORUS
Xµµ →Nν CCFR
Xµµ →Nν NuTeV NCr σ H1 ep 97-00 NCr σ ZEUS ep 95-00 CCr σ H1 ep 99-00 CCr σ ZEUS ep 99-00
charm
2 H1/ZEUS ep FH1 ep 99-00 incl. jets
ZEUS ep 96-00 incl. jets
incl. jets p II p ∅ D
incl. jets p CDF II p
asym. νl → II W ∅ D
asym. νl → CDF II W
II Z rap. ∅ D
CDF II Z rap.
global2
χ∆ Distance =
-20
-15
-10-505101520
68%
C.L
.
68%
C.L
.
90%
C.L
.
90%
C.L
.
MS
TW
200
8 N
LO P
DF
fit
Eig
enve
ctor
num
ber
13
GLOBALMSTW
TOLERANCE E
igen
vect
or n
umbe
r
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
1718
1920
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
1718
1920
global2
χ∆ Tolerance T =
-20
-15
-10-505101520
(M
RS
T)
50+
(M
RS
T)
50-
(C
TE
Q)
100
+
(C
TE
Q)
100
-
NCr σ H1 ep 97-00
NCr σ H1 ep 97-00
2 d F µ NMC Xµµ →Nν NuTeV
Xµµ →Nν NuTeV Xµµ →Nν CCFR
E866/NuSea pd/pp DY E866/NuSea pd/pp DY
Xµµ →Nν NuTeV 3 N xF ν NuTeV
Xµµ →Nν NuTeV Xµµ →Nν NuTeV
asym. νl → II W ∅ D 2 d F µ BCDMS
2 d F µ BCDMS 2 p F µ BCDMS
NCr σ H1 ep 97-00
NCr σ ZEUS ep 95-00
2 d F µ BCDMS 2 SLAC ed F
NCr σ H1 ep 97-00
NCr σ ZEUS ep 95-00
E866/NuSea pd/pp DY E866/NuSea pd/pp DY
E866/NuSea pp DY 3 N xF ν NuTeV
2 d F µ NMC asym. νl → II W ∅ D
NCr σ H1 ep 97-00 2 N F ν NuTeV
Xµµ →Nν CCFR E866/NuSea pd/pp DY
Xµµ →Nν NuTeV Xµµ →Nν CCFR
asym. νl → II W ∅ D E866/NuSea pd/pp DY
NCr σ H1 ep 97-00
NCr σ H1 ep 97-00
3 N xF ν NuTeV Xµµ →Nν NuTeV
MS
TW
200
8 N
LO P
DF
fit
METHODOLOGY:NNPDF
APPROACH
BASIC
IDEA:MONTE
CARLO
SAMPLIN
G
OF
THE
PROBABILITY
MEASURE
INTHE(F
UNCTIO
N)SPACE
OFPDFS
�
START
FROM
MONTE
CARLO
SAMPLIN
GOF
DATA
SPACE
�
EACH
$
NEURAL
NETWORK
PARAMETRIZED
BY37
PARAMETERS( N
NPDF2.0:
37
7
=
259
PARMS)
“INFIN
ITE”NUMBER
OF
PARAMETERS
)
CAN
REP
RESENT
ANY
FUNCTIO
N
�
FIT
STOPS
WHEN
QUALITY
OF
FIT
TO
RAN
DOMLY
SELECTED
“VALID
ATIO
N”
DATA(N
OT
FIT
TED)STOPS
IMPROVIN
G
Experimental Data
MC generation
NN parametrization
Fi i=1,...,Ndata
NMC,BCDMS,SLAC,HERA,CHORUS...
Fi(1)
Fi(2)
Fi(N)
Fi(N-1)
q0net(1)
q0net(2)
q0net(N-1)q0net(N)
REPRESENTATION OF
PROBABILITY DENSITY
EVOLUTION
TRAINING
METHODOLOGY:NNPDF
APPROACH
BASIC
IDEA:MONTE
CARLO
SAMPLIN
G
OF
THE
PROBABILITY
MEASURE
INTHE(F
UNCTIO
N)SPACE
OFPDFS
�
START
FROM
MONTE
CARLO
SAMPLIN
GOF
DATA
SPACE
�
EACH
$
NEURAL
NETWORK
PARAMETRIZED
BY37
PARAMETERS( N
NPDF2.0:
37
7
=
259
PARMS)
“INFIN
ITE”NUMBER
OF
PARAMETERS
)
CAN
REP
RESENT
ANY
FUNCTIO
N
�
FIT
STOPS
WHEN
QUALITY
OF
FIT
TO
RAN
DOMLY
SELECTED
“VALID
ATIO
N”
DATA(N
OT
FIT
TED)STOPS
IMPROVIN
G
CAN
DETERMIN
EBOTH
68C.L.&
1�
x-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
10
)0
2xg (x, Q
-3-2-1012345N
NP
DF
2.0
- 68
% C
L
σN
NP
DF
2.0
- 1-
Indi
vidu
al R
eplic
as
BEYOND
DGLAP?
DIS
COVERIN
GA
NEW
QCD
EFFECTIN
HERA
DATA
IDEA:
(G
�elis,2008,)
C
aola,s.f.
,R
ojo
2010)
�
CUT
OUT
DATA
INTHE“D
ANGEROUS”(S
MALL
x
)
REGIO
N
�
DETERMIN
EPDFS
INTHE“S
AFE”
(LARGE
x
AND
Q
2
)REGIO
N
�
EVOLVE
BACKWARDS
AND
COMPARE
TO
DATA
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� �
x
Q
2
�
x
Q
2
BEYOND
DGLAP?
DIS
COVERIN
GA
NEW
QCD
EFFECTIN
HERA
DATA
IDEA:
(G
�elis,2008,)
C
aola,s.f.
,R
ojo
2010)
�
CUT
OUT
DATA
INTHE“D
ANGEROUS”(S
MALL
x
)
REGIO
N
�
DETERMIN
EPDFS
INTHE“S
AFE”
(LARGE
x
AND
Q
2
)REGIO
N
�
EVOLVE
BACKWARDS
AND
COMPARE
TO
DATA
OLD
HERADATA
BACKWARD
EV.VS
DATA
x
-41
0-3
10
-21
0
)2
=3.5 GeV2
(x,Q 2 F
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.81
1.2
1.4
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Fit w
ith
ou
t cu
tsxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx
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= 0
.5cu
tF
it w
ith A
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
= 1
.5cu
tF
it w
ith A
Da
ta
DAT/TH
DIS
T:NO
CUT
DAT/TH
DIS
T:CUT
�
BACKWARD
EVOLVED
FIT
LIE
SSYSTEMATIC
ALLY
BELOW
DATA
�
DATA
AT
LOW
x
AND
Q
2
SHOW
LESS
EVOLUTIO
NTHAN
PREDIC
TED
BYNLO
DGLAP
�
IFLOW
x
AND
Q
2
DATA
INCLUDED,THE
FIT
COMPENSATES
READJUSTIN
GPDFS