troubleshooting tools kyle broussard and alexandra mikolai
DESCRIPTION
Broken Cables Broken cables cause permanent disconnections, not slowdowns Types of broken cables 1.Open circuit 2.Short 3.Wire map problem 4.Crosstalk 5.Noise 6.Impedance mismatchTRANSCRIPT
Troubleshooting Tools
Kyle Broussard and Alexandra Mikolai
Hardware Tools
Broken Cables• Broken cables cause permanent disconnections, not
slowdowns• Types of broken cables
1. Open circuit2. Short3. Wire map problem4. Crosstalk5. Noise6. Impedance mismatch
Cable Testers, TDRs, and OTDRs
• Cable testers tell you if there’s a continuity problem or if a wire map is incorrect• TDR and OTDR tell where the break in the
cable is• TDR = time domain Reflectometers• OTDR = optical time domain reflectometers
Cable Certifiers• Certifiers test cable to ensure it can handle
its rated capacity• Should use when there is a slowdown or to
eliminate cabling as the problem
Voltage Event Recorder/ Temperature Monitor
• Heat and power problems can manifest as intermittent problems• Use to monitor server rooms over time to
detect and record issues with electricity and heat
Protocol Analyzers• Monitor the different protocols running at
different layers on the network• Helps to determine slowdowns on a
network by giving an idea of excess or unexpected traffic
Cable Strippers, Snips, and Crimpers
• Used to make UTP cables
Multimeters• Test voltage, resistance and continuity• Only tool to read amount of voltage on a
line• Used also for continuity testing if cable
tester is unavailable
Tone Probes/Generators• Used together to help locate a particular
cable
Butt Sets• Used to test whether a particular phone
line is working or not
Punchdown Tools• Put UTP wires into 66- and 110-blocks. • Only used diagnostically to repunch a
connection
Software Tools
Built-In Software
The traceroute Command
• Trace all routers between two points• Diagnose where the problem lies when unable to reach remote
system• Many routers block ICMP packets
The mtr Command
The ipconfig and ifconfig Commands
The ping and arping Commands
• Ping• Uses ICMP packets to query by IP or name• Works across routers
• Arping• Use if ping doesn’t work• Uses ARP frames instead of ICMP packets• ARP frames do not cross routers, can only be used within broadcast domains• UNIX based systems
The nslookup/dig Commands
The hostname Command
The route Command
The nbtstat Command
• Windows only program• Should always be ran with a switch• Most useful switch is –n which shows the local NetBIOS names
• Useful way to see what systems are on your network
The netstat Command
Third-Party Software
Packet Sniffer
• Also called protocol analyzers• Intercepts and logs packets• Wireshark
Port Scanners
• Probes ports on other systems• Used to look for unintentionally opened ports• Used by hackers • Nmap
Throughput Testers
• Measures data flow in a network• Speedtest.net