TRIZ Introduction

Announcements• No Class, Monday, 11-Nov-2013

– Work on project• Device demonstration 10th week (13-Nov)

during lab:• Final Exam, Wednesday, 20-Nov. at 6:00 PM

• O231 – Section 01• O233 – Section 02

Planning

Product Development PhasesConceptDevelopment

System-LevelDesign

DetailDesign

Testing andRefinement

ProductionRamp-Up

Concept Development Process

Perform Economic Analysis

Benchmark Competitive Products

Build and Test Models and Prototypes

IdentifyCustomerNeeds

EstablishTargetSpecifications

GenerateProductConcepts

SelectProductConcept(s)

Set FinalSpecifications

PlanDownstreamDevelopment

MissionStatement Test

ProductConcept(s)

DevelopmentPlan

Review

TRIZA Russian acronym:

Theoria Resheneyva Isobretatelskehuh Zadach

(Theory of Solving Problems Inventively)Or

(Theory of Inventive Problem Solving)TIPS

TRIZ• Genrich Altshuller, 1950’s• Way of thinking• One of the better known approaches in commercial settings • Output of process

– solution paths and concepts– better more cleanly defined problem and project– MANY solution concepts

• From the study of new products/inventions, Altschuller identified 5 levels of innovation

1

2

3

Altshuller’s Five Levels of Innovation• Level 1 (32% of designs)

Conventional design solutions arrived at by methods well known in the technology area of the system

• Level 2 (45% of designs)Minor corrections made to an existing system by well known methods at the expense of some compromise in behavior

Altshuller’s Five Levels of Innovation

• Level 3 (18% of designs)Fundamental improvements to an existing system by methods known outside the industry

• Level 4 (4% of designs)Solutions based on application of a new scientific principle to eliminate basic performance compromises. This type of invention will cause a paradigm shift in the technology sector.

• Level 5 (<1% of designs)Pioneering inventions based on a discovery outside of known science and known technology.

Altshuller’s Five Levels of Innovation

TRIZ Strategies1. Increase the Ideality of a product or system2. Identify the product’s place in its evolution to

ideality and force the next step3. Identify key physical or technological

contradictions in the product and revise the design to overcome them using inventive principles

4. Model a product or system using substance-field (Su-Field) analysis and apply candidate modifications

Contradictions• Physical

– One object has contradictory requirements– Example: the object must be hot and cold

• Technical– Trade-offs– Something gets better, something else gets worse– Example: as acceleration time gets faster, the car

gets more expensive

Your Problem General Problem

General SolutionYour Solution

Overall Approach

Using Inventive Principles To Eliminate Technical Contradictions

One system feature is improved…Another system feature is worsened...

Altshuller found that technical contradictions could be described in terms of system parametric features.

From his study of patents, Altshuller found these features could be condensed to a standard list of 39.

Standard Features:Technical Contradiction Elimination

1. Weight of a Moveable Object 2. Weight of a Fixed Object 3. Length of a Moveable Object 4. Length of a Fixed Object 5. Area of a Moveable Object 6. Area of a Fixed Object 7. Volume of a Moveable Object 8. Volume of a Fixed Object 9. Speed 10. Force 11. Stress, Pressure 12. Shape 13. Object's Composition Stablility 14. Strength 15. Duration of Moving Object's Operation 16. Duration of a Fixed Object's Operation 17. Temperature 18. Illumination 19. Energy Expense of a Moveable Object 20. Energy Expense of a Fixed Object

21. Power22. Waste of Energy23. Loss of Substance24. Loss of Information25. Waste of Time26. Quantity of Substance27. Reliability28. Measurement Accuracy29. Manufacturing Precision30. Harmful Action on an Object31. Harmful Effect Caused by the Object32. Ease of manufacture33. Ease of Operation34. Ease of Repair35. Adaptation36. Device Complexity37. Measurement of Test Complexity38. Degree of Automation39. Productivity

Contradiction Matrix

Wei

ght o

f

mov

ing

obje

ct

Wei

ght o

f st

atio

nary

obj

ect

1 2

1 Weight of moving object

2 Weight of stationary object

3 Length of moving object

4 Length of stationary object 35, 28, 40, 29

Worsening Feature

ImprovingFeature

Consider Using Inventive Principles: 28 - Mechanics Substitution 29 - Pneumatics and Hydraulics 35 - Parameter Changes 40 - Composite Materials

This information was organized in a matrix.

Try the supplied Excel Spreadsheet containing the matrix.The wording may be slightly different from our slide because this matrix is free.

Use Improving Feature: Length of stationary

object

Use Worsening Feature: Weight of stationary object

The Numbers Supplied Refer to the 40 Inventive PrinciplesPrinciple 28 Mechanics substitution A. Replace a mechanical means with a sensory (optical, acoustic, taste or smell) means.

•Replace a physical fence to confine a dog or cat with an acoustic "fence" (signal audible to the animal). •Use a bad smelling compound in natural gas to alert users to leakage, instead of a mechanical or electrical sensor.

B. Use electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields to interact with the object. •To mix 2 powders, electrostatically charge one positive and the other negative. Either use fields to direct them, or mix them mechanically and let their acquired fields cause the grains of powder to pair up.

C. Change from static to movable fields, from unstructured fields to those having structure.

•Early communications used omnidirectional broadcasting. We now use antennas with very detailed structure of the pattern of radiation.

D. Use fields in conjunction with field-activated (e.g. ferromagnetic) particles. •Heat a substance containing ferromagnetic material by using varying magnetic field. When the temperature exceeds the Curie point, the material becomes paramagnetic, and no longer absorbs heat.

Useful Links

http://www.triz-journal.com/

http://www.triz-journal.com/archives/1997/07/b/index.html

Go to the link below and download the 40 Inventive Principles

Now you try an example: Piping of Steel Shot

Pipe for transporting steel shot Problem: Pipe wears out at spots from steel shot

movement. Conflict: Shot must move, but movement causes

wear.

Pipe for transporting steel shot Problem: Pipe wears out at spots from steel shot

movement. Conflict: Shot must move, but movement causes wear.

TRIZ Conflict Improving objective: Productivity (#39) Worsening objective: Loss of substance (#23) Suggested principles: #10: Preliminary action, #23:

Feedback, #35: Parameter changes, and #28: Mechanical interaction substitution -- Use electrical,

magnetic fields to interact with object. Solution

Place a magnet at high wear spots (corners) to adhere shot to pipe to create a coating.

An Actual Used Solution

What if the pellets are plastic?

Airbags need to inflate before contacting occupants and they also need to inflate fast to prevent forward motion of the occupants.We would like to inflate the air bags faster while decreasing the adverse effects.

Try Another One

Principle 16: Partial or Excessive Action

• If it is difficult to obtain 100% of a desired effect, achieve more or less of the desired effect.

• Example: Roll the walls of a room that you are painting, then finish the gap.

• Air bag problem: Use a lower powered air bag. By using less power the acceleration of the bag is less, and injuries will be reduced.

• Air bag problem: Use smaller air bags with higher power. These bags will reach full inflation sooner.

Principle 21: Rushing Through

• Perform harmful and hazardous operations at a very high speed.

• Example: Cut plastic faster than heat can propagate in the material to avoid deforming the shape.

• Air Bag Example: Inflate the air bag faster than current practice.

Example: Inverted Ketchup BottleInventive Principles10 Preliminary Action11 Before-hand Compensation13 Other Way Around20 Continuity of Useful Action

Example: Bb Clarinet Stand

Inventive Principles01 Segmentation07 Nested Doll15 Dynamic Parts

1 2

3 4

Example: Dissolving/Throwaway Films

Inventive Principles27 Cheap Short-Living Objects34 Discarding and Recovering

Example: Storage Shelf System

Inventive Principles06 Multi-functionality or Universality09 Weight Compensation13 Other Way Around16 Partial or Excessive Actions24 Intermediary

Floor

Footer

Wall

Floor supports shelf system.

Lag bolt and fender washer steady shelf

system.

2x4 transfers load.

Example: Collectables Display Shelf

Inventive Principles01 Segmentation04 Symmetry Change07 Nested Doll22 Blessing in Disguise

12

3

Example: “Good Neighbor” Fence

Inventive Principles01 Segmentation03 Local Quality40 Composite Materials

Contradictions• Physical

– One object has contradictory requirements– Example: the object must be hot and cold

• Technical– Trade-offs– Something gets better, something else gets worse– Example: as acceleration time gets faster, the car

gets more expensive

Inventive Principles:Physical Contradiction

Physical contradictions exist when a system has mutually opposing requirements.

A system feature must be present…This system feature must not be present…

• A pen tip should be sharp to draw fine lines, but blunt to avoid tearing paper

• Aircraft landing gear are needed for landing but not needed for efficient flight.

• Sandblasting abrasive must be present to abrade but not present as an abrasive contaminant.

Separation Principles

Separation principles are inventive principles

that are used to eliminate physical contradictions.

Separation Principles

• Opposite physical states can be separated:– In Time– In Space– Between the system and its components

• Multiple physical states coexist in the same system.

Separation in Space

• Separate the zones of conflicting requirements.

• Make the objects within every zone meet one of the requirements.

• Consider both physical space and phase space.

PLATING METAL PARTS• To plate metal parts with nickel they

were placed in a bath of nickel salt. The bath was heated to increase the productivity of the process. However, heating reduced the stability of the salt solution and it started to decompose.

®Ideation International

Technical ContradictionHeating increases productivity, but wastes material.Control parameter is temperature

Physical ContradictionTemperature should be high to increase productivity and temperature should be low to avoid waste

Stating the Problem

• In the nickel plating of parts, increased temperature is necessary only in proximity to the parts. To accomplish this, the parts themselves may be heated, rather than the solution.

SEPARATION IN SPACE

Example: Separation in Space

Asymmetric Brush

Fibers must be short to strip dirt and long to sweep dirt away

Example from Techoptimizer 3.01

• A characteristic is made larger in one place and smaller in another

• A characteristic is present in one place and absent in another• Example: Submarines which pull sonar

detectors drag the detectors at the end of several thousand feet of cable to separate the detector from the noise of the submarine

• Example: Bifocal glasses• Example: Different spaces can be utilized to

solve different problems, i.e., protect a wound, adhere to the skin and allow the skin to breath.

SEPARATION IN SPACE

Separation in Space

• Consider the following Inventive Principles– Segmentation– Taking Out– Local Quality– Asymmetry– Nested Doll– Another Dimension– Intermediary– Cheap Short Living

Try attacking your problem both as a technical contradiction and physical contradiction.

Separation in Time

• Separate the periods of conflicting requirements.

• Make the objects within every period meet one of the requirements.

• A characteristic is made larger at one time and smaller at another• A characteristic is present at one time and absent at another

• Example: Concrete piles must be pointed for easy driving but not pointed to support a load. The piles are made with pointed tips which are destroyed after driving, via an embedded explosive.

• Example: Aircraft wings are longer for takeoff, and then pivot back for high speed flight.

• Example: Consider the problem of sand accumulation with abrasive sandblasting. An effective solution is to use dry ice chips as the abrasive. After abrading, the chips will simply disappear by sublimation.

SEPARATION IN TIME

Separation in Time Example

Short, high energy pulse for crackingandLong, low energy pulse to move rock away

Example from Techoptimizer 3.01

Separation in Time

• Preliminary Anti-action• Preliminary Action• Beforehand Cushioning• Dynamics• Partial or Excessive Action• Mechanical Vibration

• Periodic Action• Continuity of Useful

Action• Skipping• Pneumatics and

Hydraulics• Discarding and Recovering

Consider the following Inventive Principles

Separation in Time ExampleTechnical Contradiction: Rapidly spilling fluid produces an unbalanced force resulting in uncontrolled poppet valve closure.

Physical Contradiction: Valve should be like a force balanced spool valve to remain open during spilling and also like a poppet valve (i.e., not like a force balanced spool valve) to prevent leakage when closed.

Separation Principle(s)Separation in Time - Spool valve qualities when open and poppet valve qualities when closed

Inventive Principle(s)07 Nested Doll08 Anti-Weight13 Other Way Around15 Dynamics

Separation in Time ExampleSolution: Novel valve assembly is biased open by spilling fluid yet seals when controllably closed (US 10/001,784).

Benefits:•No uncontrolled closing regardless of spill rate•Low spill resistance•Low actuator force•No boost voltage•Electric Motive Force (EMF) motion diagnostics.

Separation Between the System and its Components

• Increase the number of the objects (or its subsystems) and separate the conflicting requirements between:– The objects (or subsystems).

– The objects and the whole system.

Separation Between the System and its Components

Flexible to form around workpieceandRigid to hold workpiece in place.

Example from Techoptimizer 3.01

• A characteristic has one value at the system level and the opposite value at the component level

• A characteristic exists at the system level but not at the component level (or vice versa)• Example: A bicycle chain is rigid at the

micro-level for strength, and flexible at the macro-level.

• Example: Epoxy resin and hardener are liquid until mixed, then they solidify.

SEPARATION BETWEEN THE SYSTEM AND ITS COMPONENTS

Both Physical States Coexistin the Same System

• Make the object meet conflicting requirements by inversion.

• Apply the conflicting requirements to different parameters of the object

Make the object meet conflicting requirements by inversion.

Twin propellers rotating in opposite directions cancel forces that impact plane stability.

The Wright Brothers'1903 Flyer.

Air Hogs Havoc Heli

Apply the conflicting requirements to different parameters of the object

To keep the tank short, the water is moved so the swimmer remains stationary.

Example from Techoptimizer 3.01

When rider goes slow, there are two rear wheels. When rider speeds up the two rear wheels come together as a single wheel.

Two major highways are proposed to intersect. Traffic cannot flow on both highways without conflict.

State as a physical contradiction:?

In-class QuizName:____________________________________________CM:__________Name:____________________________________________Name:____________________________________________

Use separation principles to suggest as many solutions as possible. Think about solutions that you have seen.

Separation in space:

Separation in time:

Over/under pass Tunnel, Bridge

Stoplight or rush hour directional control

Drawbridge or access control such as gates

Separation by Parts:

Rotary or highways merge and crossover