Trivia Fun Times What is a political revolution? What is the document that outlines the rights of French

citizens? What was the name of the island that Napoleon was

exiled to the second time? (The one where he died) Napoleon was famously defeated by the Duke of

Wellington at what battle? The battle is often used as a way to say this was a general or person’s end or final defeat.

In 1957, this NFL team won its last NFL Championship. What is this sports team? Extra gravy if you know the opponent. Will they (both) ever win again?

Why all the Haiti?THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION 1791-1804

Where in the world is Haiti?

Situated in the Caribbean between Cuba on the west and Puerto Rico on east

Located on the western part of island of Hispaniola (The Dominican Republic shares the eastern portion of the island)

Capital City: Port-au-Prince

First discovered by Christopher Columbus

Became a French Colony named Saint Domingue during the mid-1600s

Pour some sugar on me…in the name of Haiti…no wait isn’t it love? Sugar made Haiti one of the richest

colonies in the New World

Almost all of European sugar came from either Haiti or Jamaica Approximately 40% of the world’s sugar

supply came from Haiti

Sugarcane is a very labor intensive crop – it is difficult to harvest and cultivate.

Slaves were imported from Africa for the demanding labor needs

Treatment of Slaves

For every white plantation owner there were ten slaves. (10:1)

Slave rebellion was a significant concern – slaves were treated harshly as a result Slaves who fled known as “maroons”

Rebellions occurred but were brutally suppressed

High mortality rate caused by harsh conditions and disease

Required a constant importation of slaves from Africa.

Class System

Three distinct groups:

1.) White Plantation owners (Blancs)

2.) Gens de couleur (people of color)

Typically mixed race

*** These two groups made up only about 10% of the population

3.) African slaves

Creole: people of European descent born in Latin America

Creole Language: mixture of African languages and French

Don’t like oppression? Shake it off…

French Revolution Influence: Declaration of Rights of Man (1789)

French government grants citizenship to free wealthy people of color in 1791 Hoped this would end problems

Ruling white class does not accept this

Slaves revolt and ruling class is overthrown

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Led the slave revolt

Defended Haiti against the British and Spanish forces Repelled Spanish back to their side of the island

Kept the British out of Haiti

Ended slavery in Haiti and established new government

Fell victim to his political opponents

Arrested by Napoleon’s forces imprisoned in France

Outcomes and Significance of Haiti

France attempts to reestablish slavery

Haiti revolts and defeats France at the Battle of Vertieres in 1804.

Napoleon loses interest in the Americas

First Latin American colony to gain its independence

Successful slave revolt

Considered a more “democratic” revolution

Defeated three global powers (France, Spain, Britain)

French colonial rule in the Americas essentially ended. Sold Louisiana to the United States in 1803

Crash Course – Haitian Revolution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5A_o-nU5s2U

Document Questions

For each document, answer the questions below:

How does each new government in the Atlantic world define citizenship?

What rights were guaranteed by the government and to which groups of people?

Which documents mention liberty?

How is slavery changed or maintained?

What kinds of power does each new government assume?