trichopoulou antonia, md who collaborating centre for nutrition department of epidemiology medical...
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Trichopoulou Antonia, MD
WHO Collaborating Centre for Nutrition
Department of Epidemiology
Medical School, University of Athens
Mediterranean diet, traditional Greek foods and health
Conference on Greek Gastronomy
CRETE 8 June 2007
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Study of Traditional Foods in Greece
Health aspects
Cultural aspects
Economical aspects
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Health aspects of traditional foods
Τraditional foods are often considered healthy
However, the influence of the simple and composite traditional foods on health should be substantiated by scientific evidence
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Cultural aspects of traditional foods
Α need also exists to systematically study
traditional foods in order to preserve
elements of our
nutritional inheritance and culture
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Economic aspects
The combination of healthy and palatable properties of traditional foods
creates
promising prospects for the production and
export activities of the food sector
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Rather than single foods or nutrients, a global health dietary
pattern could exert protective effect
The combination of different types of food with healthy
characteristics might be necessary to harvest their
protective potential
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STUDY OF TRADITIONAL FOODS
Provides scientific evidence on the effects of traditional foods on health
Contributes to the preservation of our cultural inheritance
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Study of Traditional Foods
Traditional Yogurt Tzatziki Feta Cheese Cheese of Sifnos
Unsalted Mizithra
Paste Must cookies Traditional Spoon Sweets Watermelon peel spoon sweetHalva made from tachini Pasteli
Bean Soup MousakaCretan green pies Fava (split pea puree) of Santorini Ipirus Green Pie Macedonia Green Pie Sausages with leek Limnos Fried Courgette Sausages with orange peel Egg-plant SaladSiglino (cured pork meat) Taramosalata (Fish Roe Salad) Tsakoniki Egg-Plant Dish Chick Pea Balls of Sifnos IslandEggplant pickles Garlic dip Tomato paste Maize cream
Cretan “Sevendough” BreadCheese bread
The above studies have been co-financed by the Hellenic General Secretariat of Research and Technology and the European Union
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Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)
Protected Geographical Indication ( PGI)
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Flavonoid content of green pies (mg/100g) and selected beverages (mg/100ml)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Quercetin Kaempferol Myricetin Apigenin Luteolin
Green pie Red wine Black tea Apple juice
Trichopoulou et al. Food Chemistry 2000
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The saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated(g/100ml) and cholesterol (mg/100g)
content of sesame bar and other snacks
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Saturated g Monounsaturated g Polyunsaturated g Cholesterol mg
Sesame bar (pasteli) Milk chocolate Mars Bar Waffer Biscuits (filled) Biscuits (plain) Cake Doughnut with marmelade
Trichopoulou et al. Trends in Food Science&Technology in press
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The content of sesame bar and other snacks in inorganic constituents (mg/100g)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
K Na Ca Mg P
Sesame bar (pasteli) Milk chocolate Mars Bar Waffer Biscuits (filled) Biscuits (plain) Cake Doughnut with marmelade
Trichopoulou et al. Trends in Food Science&Technology in press
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Sea Urchin (Achinos)
Snails boubouristi
Pearl onions, cooked (kremidia stifado)
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1
10
100
1000
10000
log
(da
ily
in
tak
e,
mg
)
K Fe Na Ca Mg Zn Cu Mn
Inorganic constituents
Mediterranean menu
EC daily recommendations
1. Commission of the European Communities. Food-Science Techniques: Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food (Thirty-first series), Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg,1993,pp 1-248
1
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The Netherlands
Tea beverages
Onions
Apples
Greece
Apples
Parsley
Onions
Olives
Spring onions
Red wine
Spinach
Contributors to the main flavonoids categories intake for Greece & The
Netherlands
1
1. Hertog, Hollman, Katan, Kromhout “Intake of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids and their determinants in adults in The Netherlands”, Nutr Cancer 1993;20(1):21-9
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The flavonol, flavone and flavan-3-ol content of a typical traditional serving of fava complemented with "caper in casserole" sauce
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1
mg
/ s
erv
ing
Caper in casserole
Fava of Santorini
Πηγή: Mελέτη της ποιότητας των Ελληνικών παραδοσιακών τροφίμων και εκβιομηχάνιση της παραγωγής τους (2003-2007) στο πλαίσιο των“Επιχειρησιακών Προγραμμάτων Ανταγωνιστικότητας” ΕΠΑΝ - ΤΡ13
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% Ca content of Green pie of Chalkidiki
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1
mg
Ca
/ 100
g g
reen
pie
of
Ch
alki
dik
i
Water
Pepper
Salt
Corn starch
Semolina
Extra virgin olive oil
Flour
Dill
Onion, dry
Spring onion
Leek
Spinach
Corn poppy
Wild sea-beet
Source: Contribution of traditional Greek foods to the health of consumers “ 97-DIATRO-30” (1999 – 2001) implemented in the context of “Operational Programmes for Research and Technology” EPET II
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CONCLUSIONS
high flavonoid content- obtained from wide range of foods
highest contributors : oranges, apples, red wine, parlsey & onions
oSignificant contribution from herbs & spices
The investigated traditional Mediterranean menu :
meets current dietary recommendations – balanced diet
Trichopoulou et al. 2005 Diet diversification and health promotion. Forum Nutr.Basel, Karger,
Vasilopoulou et al. 2005 Curr.Med.Chem-Immun, Endoc.& Metab.Agents,
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"Let food be thy medicine
and
medicine be thy food"
Hippocrates
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“Traditional Food" definition – EuroFIR
Traditional means conforming to established practice or specifications prior to the Second World War. Traditional food is a food of a specific feature or features, which distinguish it clearly from other similar products of the same category, in terms of the use of “traditional ingredients” (raw materials or primary products) or “traditional composition” or “traditional type of production and/or processing method” as defined below:
Trichopoulou et al. 2006 Trends in Food Science&Technology,
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For traditional foods, the European Parliament suggested that only products that have been on the market “since before the Second World War” should be eligible for the appropriate label
European Parliament16-03-2006
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It was regulated that "traditional" means proven usage on the Community market for a time period showing transmission between generations
This time period should be the one generally ascribed to one human generation, at least 25 years
European Council on TSGs(regulation 509/06)
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TRADITION D0ES NOT MEAN STILLNESS
Adaptability
BeansTomatoes
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The Mediterranean basin has been for millennia a cross road of people and civilizations
Here, for five thousand years, boats, carriages, people, merchandise, but also creative ideas and religions have converged
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Gods did not reveal everything to man from the beginning but people researching discover with time the better.
Xenophanes fragment 18 6th century B.C.
The Mediterranean diet and healt
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Thank you for your attention