trichinellosis in poland 10 years overview and current...

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Trichinellosis in Poland 10 years overview and current situation

Ewa Bilska-Zając National Veterinary Research Institute

in Pulawy [email protected]

TRICHINELLOSIS IN PIGS • 200 million of pigs examined in 10 years/prevalence 0.0001%

Year Number of

examined pigs Number of infected

pigs Percentage

2005 20 004294 36 0,00018

2006 21 985532 16 0,00007

2007 23 015105 2 0,00001

2008 20 027092 69 0,00034

2009 17 799002 14 0,00008

2010 19 730521 12 0,00006

2011 20 394971 8 0,00004

2012 19 886796 11 0,00006

2013 20 949761 78 0,00037

2014 17 431542 3 0,00002

2015 20 283817 8 0,00004

In total for 10 years 201504139 221 0,00011

2016 >19 000000 8

Bilska-Zając E., 12th Workshop of National Reference Laboratories for Parasites, 18-19 May 2017

Year Number of

examined pigs Number of

infected pigs Percentage

1984

1985 13053010 261 0,002

1986 15849765 266 0,0017

1987 15919717 364 0,0022

1988 13968802 204 0,0015

1989 16445371 528 0,0032

1990 14519640 336 0,0023

1991 15353548 455 0,003

1992 16861191 555 0,0033

1993 16678207 429 0,0026

1994 14067561 465 0,0032

1995 12139975 272 0,0022

1996 17547442 172 0,001

2000 18672315 88 0,0005

2001 13018893 33 0,00025

2002 10003979 36 0,00036

2003 10427734 74 0,00071

2004 10125204 29 0,00029

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Pigs infected by Trichinella spp. (2005 – 2015)

Country

Mean of number of pigs in herd change %

2001 2011

Poland 24 36 + 50

Germany 224 794 + 254

Denmark 997 2583 + 159

France 223 569 + 155

96,40%

3,60%

54,70% 45,30%

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Herds with <20 sows Herds with >20 sows

Percentage of herds Percentage of sows in herd

Structure of pig production in Poland

TRICHINELLOSIS IN PIGS


Structure of pigs production in Poland and comparison to other countries


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Pigs infected by Trichinella spp. 2005 - 2015

T.spiralis – 99% T.britovi – 1%

Concentration of pig production


• Most of infected pigs were as a single cases • Only several farm with infected pigs were recognized • Trichinella outbreaks were found in small backyard farms (up to 100 animals in herd).

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1. Example of farm with Trichinella infected pigs









Forestry Corn cultivation Wetlands Number of wild boars population Number of red foxes population Garbage dumps Etc…

Important factors



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• 1 400000 of wild boars examined in 10 years/prevalence 0.39%

Year No of examined

WB No of infected

WB Percentage (%)

2005 91312 260 0,28

2006 78736 321 0,41

2007 103305 296 0,29

2008 103612 524 0,51

2009 117007 552 0,47

2010 162802 558 0,34

2011 145130 437 0,30

2012 170925 481 0,28

2013 164260 645 0,39

2014 141617 611 0,43

2015 154308 752 0,49

In total for 10

years 1 433014 5437

0.39

TRICHINELLOSIS IN WILD BOARS


Year No of examined

WB No of infected

WB Percentage (%)

1984 77322 150 0,19

1985 67066 157 0,23

1986 80593 164 0,2

1987 76813 217 0,28

1988 77327 223 0,29

1989 87773 273 0,31

1990 115692 379 0,33

1991 104955 429 0.41

1992 86897 347 0,4

1993 56985 212 0,37

1994 50358 251 0,5

1995 74348 183 0,25

1996 41700 145 0,25

2000 44387 80 0,2

2001 54042 105 0,19

2002 61524 169 0,27

2003 58148 204 0,35

2004 76698 244 0,32

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Voivodship No of examined No of infected Percentage

Dolnośląskie 84955 141 0,17

Kujawsko - pomorskie 221883 711 0,32

Lubelskie 66003 172 0,26

Lubuskie 82287 143 0,17

Łódzkie 18359 112 0,61

Małopolskie 14652 190 1,30

Mazowieckie 24604 68 0,28

Opolskie 43101 29 0,07

Podkarpackie 59993 133 0,22

Podlaskie 29243 77 0,26

Pomorskie 64365 510 0,79

Śląskie 24864 31 0,12

Świętokrzyskie 5428 102 1,88

Warmińsko Mazurskie 98222 293 0,30

Wielkopolskie 130253 499 0,38

Zachodniopomorskie 149620 853 0,57

POLAND 1117832 4064 0,36

T. spiralis – 78.31% T. britovi – 18.57% T. spiralis/T. britovi – 2.73% T. pseudospiralis – 0.28% T. nativa – 0.03%



Trichinella species identification in samples from wild boars hunted in 2009 -2016



Trichinella nativa first time detected in wild boar in Poland

Phylogenetic tree of the partial of

CO1 gene sequences.

Nucleotide position/

Trichinella species 98 129 144 438 564 624 626 639

T.nativa polish

isolate KY486636 C T A T C T C T

T.nativa KU355853

T.nativa KU355850

T.nativa KU355851

T.nativa KU355854 T C G T T C C C

T.nativa KU355857

T.nativa KU355858

T.nativa KU355859

T.nativa KU355860

T.nativa KU355861 T T G T C T C T

T.nativa KU355855

T.nativa KU355856

T.nativa KM357415 T T G T C C C T

T.nativa DQ007891 - - - - - C C T

T.nativa AF129489 - - - - - T C T

T.nativa AP017702 - - - - - T C T

T.nativa AB252966 - - - - - T C C

T.nativa KU355874 T C G T C T C T

T6 KM357418 T T G C T T T T

T. spiralis KU321694,

KU321695,

KM357422.1,

KU321693 T T A C T C T C

T. britovi NC025750,

KM357413,

KP900336, KP900335,

KP900334 T T A T C T C T

T. murelli NC025751 T T A T T T C C

T9 KP900338 T T A T C T C T

T. pseudospiralis

NC025749 T T A C T T C C

• 400000 examined horses

• Prevalence 0.0005%

Year No of examined

horses

No of infected horses

2006 32648 0

2007 37521 0

2008 35605 1

2009 42561 0

2010 45147 1

2011 43231 0

2012 39153 0

2013 34464 0

2014 29241 0

2015 30143 0

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T.spiralis + T.britovi T.britovi

• 136270 examined coypus

Year

No of examined

coypus

No of infected coypus

2006 54801 0

2007 40358 0

2008 33570 0

2009 7414 0

2010 127 0

2011 0 0

2012 0 0

2013 0 0

2014 0 0

2015 0 0

TRICHINELLOSIS IN HORSES and COYPUS

12th Workshop of National Reference Laboratories for Parasites

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• 3686 samples collected - 206 infected (5.6%) • Data combined from three Institutions

TRICHINELLOSIS IN RED FOXES


Red foxes are an important reservoir for Trichinella britovi

367/12/3.3%

118/16/13.6%

103/16/15.5%

68/3/4.4%

105/5/4.8%

37/3/8%

186/8/4.3%

93/2/2.2%

144/2/1.4%

285/6/2.1%

253/65/25.7%

88/1/1.1%

488/4/0.8%

619/31/5%

188/4/2.2%

73/2/2.7%

T. spiralis - 15.34% T. britovi – 81.82% T. spiralis/T. britovi – 2.27% T. pseudospiralis – 0.57% T. nativa – 0.57%

Species of larvae were indentified in 177 samples

TRICHINELLOSIS IN RED FOXES


TRICHINELLOSIS IN OTHER – domestic cycle


• Domestic rats - 90 samples – 21 infected FarmA Mogilno – 59 rats – 17 infected by Trichinella spp.

FarmB Wysokie Maz– 4 rats – 1 infected by Trichinella spp.

FarmC Rynowo – 11 rats – 3 infected by Trichinella spp.

The rest 16 rats were originated from single farms and were free of Trichinella larvae.

Larvae isolated form rats were identified as T.spiralis

• Breeding minks – 25 samples – no Trichinella infected

• Breeding foxes – 25 samples – no Trichinella infected

• NVRI investigations: • Sylvatic rodents (mice)- 150 samples – no infected

animals • Raccoon dogs (4%): 100 samples – 4 infected by T. spiralis • Beavers (2%): 50 samples – 1 infected by T.spiralis

TRICHINELLOSIS IN OTHER – sylvatic cycle


• Other Institutions investigations: • Red foxes infected up to 10% depend on regions • Raccoon dogs 24.4% infected • American minks 3.3% infected

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Trichinella nativa: 1 case in red fox, 1 case in wild boars

Trichinella spiralis – pigs, wild boars, red foxes, racoon dogs, american minks, rats, beaver

Trichinella britovi – red foxes, wild boars, american minks, 2 case in pigs

Trichinella pseudospiralis: 8 cases in wild boars, 1 case in red fox, 1 in american mink

TRICHINELLA spp.


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Human infections

Year No

infected

2004 172

2005 70

2006 130

2007 292

2008 4

2009 36

2010 51

2011 23

2012 1

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2015 28

Mean 70,6

Median 34

TRICHINELLOSIS IN HUMANS


• Source of infection? – untested meat products from wild boars

• Reservoir of Trichinella parasite in Poland are wildlife animals (5.6% red foxes, 0.39% wild boars, 4% racoon dogs, 2% beavers, 3.3% american minks)

• Only 0,00004% of pigs (2015) were infected

• Rats! Source of Trichinella for pigs or rather victims???

• No cases of trichinellosis were detected in horses from 2011

• Two cases of T.britovi in pigs

• Increase of T.pseudospiralis infections in wild boars (difficulties in diagnosis by compressor method, and risk of introducing the larvae to pig farm)

• T.nativa in wild boar – widespread of the species into new area

Trichinellosis still danger for human?

TRICHINELLOSIS

Bilska-Zając E., 12th Workshop of National Reference Laboratories for Parasites, 18-19 May 2017 Bilska-Zając E., 12th Workshop of National Reference Laboratories for Parasites, 18-19 May 2017

Role of NRL?

• Trainings for veterinarians (every year > 200 vets trained)

• Proficency Testing (for >400 accredited laboratories and >300non accredited)

• Cooperation with Veterinary Inspection Service to recognize and eliminate source of infection for human and pigs

• MEAT INSPECTION – for the safety of consumers

• Increase of knowlegde about trichinellosis in endemic area (meetings, conferences, seminaries)

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Białowieża 13-15 September 2017

Annual International Conference on Trichinella and other foodborne parasites

Thank you for attention! Ewa Bilska-Zając

[email protected]


TRICHINELLOSIS

trichinellosis in poland 10 years overview and current...

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