triage in health care : the sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency...

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Page 1: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care
Page 2: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Triage of psychiatric emergencies

Page 3: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Triage in health care :

The sorting of patients in an emergency department

according to the urgency of need for care

Page 4: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Triage in psychiatric emergency

assessing the immediate needs of individuals

presenting across a variety of priority concerns

Page 5: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Components of a comprehensive psychiatric triage

Establish a therapeutic rapport with the patient

Helping the individual feel safe & secure in stressful /stimulating environment

Systematic assessment of the patient

Data gathering

Page 6: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Components of triage evaluation

ASSAULTS : A: assess S : safety S : suicidality A : aggressive / assaultive behavior U : underlying medical condition L : lethality T : trauma s :substance

Page 7: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Safety

Evaluation of safety : safety evaluation lead to reducing the

anxiety of practitioner & patient

Safety considerations :

patients must have been searched & disarmed

security personnel must be available may require that a patient be in restraints

Page 8: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Suicidality behavior

Suicidal attempts : degrees of intent & leathality

Completed suicide

Page 9: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Assessing suicidality

Psychiatric illness : mood disorders schizophrenia substance abuse anxiety disorders BPD Physical illness : chronic pain delirium Psychopathology in family & social milieu(life

stress /crisis )Family history psychiatric illness (especially

suicide)

Page 10: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Stress-diathesis model :

Diathesis =preposition to suicidal behavior

Elements of diathesis :

1) aggressive ,impulsive trait 2) tendency toward pessimism and hoplessness

Page 11: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Aggressive /assaultive potential Risk assessment scheme : 1) historical risk f. data concerning the individual’s social & economic state 2) prior history of violence 3) mental health /substance history Clinical risk f. 1) lack of insight 2) presence of negative attitude 3) impulsivity 4) lack of responsiveness to prior treatment Risk management 1) lack of support 2) prior failure with treatment 3) potential for increased stressors

Page 12: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Underlying medical condition :

DSM a five-axes diagnosisMost important aspect of triageAssess CRISES : C : cardiovascular/chest pain R : respiratory ;increase/decrease in rate altered breathing pattern I : intense/persistent pain S : sensory changes ;motoric(change in

strength /asymmetry );cognitive (aphasias ) E : elimination problems S : significant vital sign changes

Page 13: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Lethality:

Degree of risk of a patient for

1)self –destructive behaviors (suicidal )

2)dangerous toward others (homicidal )

Page 14: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Trauma:

physical ;emotional ;sexual abuse neglect war experiences alcoholism physical illness sickness in their family loss of a close family member/

friends natural disasters

Page 15: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Trauma Defined (DSM-IV)“Loss of Control”

To experience, witness, or confront an event involving actual or threatened death or serious injury or threat to physical integrity to self or others

Response to event involved intense fear, helplessness or horror

Page 16: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Responses During Trauma

EmotionalShockEmotional numbingDenialDissociation/unrealityPanic/fearHopeless/helplessGuilt

PhysiologicalElevated BP, HRFatigue, HyperventilationHeadache

CognitivePoor concentrationDifficulty making decisionsPerseveration

BehavioralWithdrawalPacing,Exaggerated startleRegressive behaviors

Page 17: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

substance use/abuse

Importance :

1)increased prevalence & use of illegal substances

2) substance –induced disorders can mimic &

contribute to the range of psychiatric dis

3)often abuse of substances coexists with primary axis I,II diagnosis

Page 18: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

نکات مهم در شرح حال

مشاهداتتعریف

سطح تریاژ

شرح حال کاربردی ندارد

پرخاشکری دراورژانس یا

آژیتاسیون شدید

خود زنی یا اقدامبه خودکشی در

اورژانس یا تهدید جدی به آن

خطر قطعی برای بیمار یا دیگران

l

1

افکار خودکشی یااقدام به آن

پرخاشگری

عالیم سایکوتیک

عالیم خلقی مانندافسردگی شدید

اضطراب شدید

بی قراری یاآژیتاسیون

بیمار گیج یا بدونهمکاری

بیماری کهاحتمال فرار دارد

خطر احتمالی برای بیمار یا دیگران

2

Page 19: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

عالیم افسردگی یا اضطراب بدون افکار خودکشی

تحریک پذیریبدون

پرخاشکری تغییر در

وضعیت روانی بدون

پرخاشکری یا آژیتاسیون

ن خطر فعلی بدوبرای بیمار یا

دیگران

3

عالیم مزمنسایکوتیک

عالیم مزمنجسمی غیر قابل توجیه

مشکالت بینفردی یا اجتماعی

بیماری که برای تجدید نسخه

مراجعه کرده عوارض دارویی

خفیف همکاری و

برقراری ارتباط مناسب

ون خطربد 4

Page 20: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

اقدامات الزم فوریت درمان سطح تریاژ بالفاصله به پزشک

اورژانس اطالع داده شود

بالفاصله به پرسنل برای حضور 100کد

در کنار بیمار اطالع داده شود

در صورت ضرورتبیمار فیکس شود.

بالفاصله1

به پزشک اطالع دادهشود.

در 100پرسنل کد محل حضور داشته

باشند. بیمار بدون همراه

تنها نماند. بسته به اولویت در

.نوبت بماند

2 دقیقه30حداکثر در عرض

Page 21: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

به پزشک اطالعداده شود.

بسته به اولویت درنوبت بماند

60حداکثر در عرض دقیقه

3

به پزشک اطالعداده شود.

بسته به اولویت درنوبت بماند

120حداکثر در عرض دقیقه

4

Page 22: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care
Page 23: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Agitation :

Abnormal & excessive verbal/physical agression

Purposeless motor behaviors

heightened arousal

Significant disruption of patient’s functioning

Page 24: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

Management of agitation & aggression:

Agitation is a nonspecific symptom Untreated agitation can lead to violence interventions : 1) core clinical strategy is interpersonal that emphasize verbal intervention affect management 2) pharmacological goal is calm without sedation 3) restraints

Page 25: Triage in health care : The sorting of patients in an emergency department according to the urgency of need for care

موفق باشید