trends in storage subsystem technologies michael joyce, senior director mylex & oem storage...
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Trends in Storage Trends in Storage Subsystem TechnologiesSubsystem Technologies
Michael Joyce, Senior Director Michael Joyce, Senior Director
Mylex & OEM Storage SubsystemsMylex & OEM Storage Subsystems
IBMIBM
The Drive Interface The Drive Interface ProgressionProgression
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Ultra640SCSI
640 MB/s
UltraSCSI
Ultra2SCSI
Ultra160SCSI
Ultra320SCSI
40 MB/s 80 MB/s 160 MB/s 320 MB/s
Parallel SCSI
Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop
640 MB/s
UltraSCSI
Ultra2SCSI
Ultra160SCSI
Ultra320SCSI
40 MB/s 80 MB/s
100 MB/s
320 MB/s
200 MB/s 400 MB/s
System Interface System Interface ProgressionProgression
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
533 MB/s 2 GB/s133 MB/s 266 MB/s 1 GB/s
PCI/ PCI-X
32-bit33 MHz
64-bit33 MHz
64-bit66 MHz
64-bit133 MHz
64-bit266 MHz
Fibre Channel
1 Gb/s 2 Gb/s 10 Gb/s
Multi-Node SANMulti-Node SANN-Node, Switched Fibre, N-RAID Controllers, N-Node, Switched Fibre, N-RAID Controllers,
FC Switch
RAID Ctlr
Port 0 Port 1
RAID Ctlr
Port 0 Port 1
FC HBA
RAID Ctlr
Port 0 Port 1
RAID Ctlr
Port 0 Port 1
FC HBAFC HBA
FC HBA
Early IB Deployment:Early IB Deployment:First-order Network FocusFirst-order Network Focus
CharacteristicsCharacteristics IB used mainly to get I/O out of 1U front-IB used mainly to get I/O out of 1U front-
end servers.end servers. High-end servers may not have IB linksHigh-end servers may not have IB links SANs and LANs co-exist with IBSANs and LANs co-exist with IB IB-to-FC and IB-to-Ethernet bridges to IB-to-FC and IB-to-Ethernet bridges to
interconnect IB to SANs and LANsinterconnect IB to SANs and LANs
...
Front-end/ Web Servers
High-end Servers
RAID Subsystems
IB Switch
Internet
LAN
FC SAN
Initial iSCSI DeploymentInitial iSCSI Deployment
Until security and traffic/ usage perceptions are overcome, iSCSI SANsand LANs/ WANs will be distinct networks.
Storage Arrays
Server Nodes
FC SAN
Storage Arrays
Server Nodes
FC SAN
Storage Arrays
Server Nodes
iSCSI
IP Network
Trend Towards Fabric Trend Towards Fabric InterconnectsInterconnects
““Get off the Bus - Get on the Fabric!”Get off the Bus - Get on the Fabric!” Gigabit speeds and shrinking device Gigabit speeds and shrinking device
geometries make it difficult to sustain geometries make it difficult to sustain buses.buses.– Point-to-point interconnects gaining ground.Point-to-point interconnects gaining ground.
Within storage controllers, the current Within storage controllers, the current interconnect continues to be PCI/ PCI-Xinterconnect continues to be PCI/ PCI-X
But, competing technologies are But, competing technologies are appearing ...appearing ...– RapidIO, HyperTransport™ (AMD), 3GIO (Intel) RapidIO, HyperTransport™ (AMD), 3GIO (Intel)
Divergence in Divergence in Interconnect TechnologiesInterconnect Technologies
Historically, storage subsystems have Historically, storage subsystems have presented disk-drive like interfaces to presented disk-drive like interfaces to the host.the host.– SCSI, Fibre ChannelSCSI, Fibre Channel
Moving forward, system interconnects Moving forward, system interconnects are becoming fabric oriented to address are becoming fabric oriented to address distance, reliability, manageability and distance, reliability, manageability and other issues.other issues.– InfiniBand, iSCSI, 10 Gb Fibre ChannelInfiniBand, iSCSI, 10 Gb Fibre Channel
… … DivergenceDivergence
On next Fibre Channel progression, On next Fibre Channel progression, interfaces diverge.interfaces diverge.– 10 Gb for system, 4 Gb for drives10 Gb for system, 4 Gb for drives
Serial ATA emerges as a viable drive Serial ATA emerges as a viable drive interface for desktops and storage interface for desktops and storage subsystems.subsystems.
RAID/ Storage controllers facilitate divergence between system and drive interfaces.
Local Bus)
Peripheral B
us
CPUCore
RAIDLogic
StorageProtocol
I/FBridge UART
I2C
GPIO
GPTPCI-XI/F
… … Lead to Integrated RAIDLead to Integrated RAID
RAID TeamingRAID TeamingDual or Multiple PCI RAID Controllers plugged in Dual or Multiple PCI RAID Controllers plugged in
the same system, share the same backend the same system, share the same backend disk devices (through SCSI or FC drive disk devices (through SCSI or FC drive enclosure(s)). enclosure(s)).
Mylex
Mylex
Mylex
Mylex
Terminator Switch (SCSI) or FC Hub
Disk Drives (JBOD)Dual ported Enclosure (SCSI or FC)
Dual PCI RAID Controllers
Host System
FlashCopyFlashCopy
Background Copy
Write
Write
Read
Read
Source Logical Drive Target Logical Drive
Remote MirroringRemote Mirroring
Fibre Channel Switch local
storagecontroller
"remote"storagecontroller
WRITE
WRITE
READ
Establish: bulk copyMaintain: replicate writesFailover to remote copy
Data SiphonData Siphon
Fibre Channel Switch NEW
storagesubsystem
LEGACYstoragesubsystem
Goal: replace legacy subsystem with new subsystem seamlesslyFetch from legacy subsystem in "chunks" on demand Write to new subsystemSignal when old subsystem is "empty"
WRITE
READ
READ
In SummaryIn Summary Serial ATA emerges as a common interface Serial ATA emerges as a common interface
for desktop and server class drives.for desktop and server class drives. System interconnects move towards iSCSI System interconnects move towards iSCSI
and InfiniBand with iSCSI appearing to be and InfiniBand with iSCSI appearing to be gaining momentum.gaining momentum.
System-on-chip trends will drive towards System-on-chip trends will drive towards integrated RAID devices, especially at the integrated RAID devices, especially at the low end.low end.
RAID functionality enhancements will RAID functionality enhancements will continue providing increased data continue providing increased data availability, mobility, and manageabilityavailability, mobility, and manageability