trenchless construction technology and issues
TRANSCRIPT
Trenchless Construction Technology and Issues
Dr. Mohammad Najafi, P.E., F. ASCE
Director, Center for Underground Infrastructure Research & Education (CUIRE)
Professor and Director of Construction Engineering & Management
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of Texas at Arlington
15th Annual Public Works RoundupWednesday, May 21, 2014
9:00 AM - 4:00 PMRuthe Jackson Center, Grand Prairie, Texas
Presentation Outline
• Pipeline Problems• Trenchless Technologies• Issues and Benefits• New Master of Construction Management• Center for Underground Infrastructure Research &
Education (CUIRE)• Resources• Summary and Conclusions
More than 3.5 million miles in U.S.Existing investment in the trillions of dollarsHaphazard, poorly documented, neglected
The Problem: Extensive and Deteriorating Networks
5,200,000,000 feet of pipe21,000,000 manholes.
Approximately 800,000 miles of corroded and leaking wastewater are causing environmental problems.
Water transmission and distribution alone will require $80 billion over the next 20 years.
Approximately 200,000 miles of pipelines need immediate repair or replacement. Approximately 3
percent of the existing systems are added to this need annually.
State of the U.S. Infrastructure
Texas Drinking Water: D
• The population of Texas is expected to double in the next 30 to 40 years.
• If a drought occurs in Texas in 2050, 43% of municipal demand for water would not be satisfied by current water sources.
• In 2001, the EPA estimated that Texas had $13 billion in water infrastructure needs over the next 20 years.
• Other than low-interest loan programs, the State does not fund local water infrastructure construction or maintenance.
Source: ASCE
State Water Loss Standards 2001
15%
10%
10%
10%
20%15% 15%
15%
15%10%
10%15%
15%
15%
20%15%
7.5%
20%
20%
15%
15%
15%
Source: AWWA
How Did We Get Here?•Infrastructure deterioration is gradual.
•Utility customers have become accustomed to low sewer/water costs.
•Underground pipelines have difficulty competing for public funds with other “visible” infrastructure systems.
•We have forgotten the principles of “design life” and “replacement/lifecycle costs.”
Trenchless Technology Methods
Trenchless Technology:
All methods of pipeline and utility installation and renewal with minimum disruption of surface and subsurface
Comparison of Cost Factors Between Open-Cut & Trenchless Technology
Open-Cut Trenchless TechnologyDepth Major Minor
Diameter Moderate Moderate
Soil Conditions Major Moderate to Minor
Obstructions Major Minor
Water Table Major Minor
Existing Utilities Major Major to Moderate
Damage To Pavement Major Minor
Reinstatement Major Minor
Traffic Major Minor
Safety Issues Major Minor
Productivity Major Minor
Environmental Issues Major Minor
Benefits of Trenchless Technology
Benefits of Trenchless Technology
Trenching Design:Route at the Road ROW
Microtunneling Design: Shorter Route, Steeper Slopes, Smaller Pipe
Stream
HILL
Cost-effective route selection.
Growing public awareness to conserve and protect our environment and quality of life.
Benefits of Trenchless Technology
Asthama46%
Other respiratory ailments
12%
Allergies13%
Headache and
sickness2%
Cough and chest
problems8%
Irritation impacts
7% Sinus Problems
9%
Others3%
Major Health Issues due to Dust Generation
Source: Adopted from Bickerstaff & Walker, 1999
Main Challenges for Trenchless Technology Projects• Difficulties in Locating Existing Underground
Utilities• Lack of Standard Guidelines & Specifications• Lack of Proper Geotechnical Investigations• Not Matching the Correct Method to the Project
Conditions • Lack of Proper Specification Interpretation
– Lack of Inspector & Operator Experience and Proper Training
Trenchless Technology Methods
Trenchless Methods
Construction Methods Renewal Methods
Utility Tunneling
Pipe Jacking
Horizontal Earth Boring
Cured-in-Place Pipe
Close-fit Pipe
Thermoformed Pipe
Sliplining
Modified Sliplining
In-line Replacement
Horizontal Auger Boring
HDD
Microtunneling
Pipe Ramming
Utility Tunneling Method
• Utility Tunneling– Performed in two steps
• Excavation & Installation of Primary Support• Installation of pipe (Secondary Support/Liner
System)– Product pipe sizes 42” & larger– Limitations on length & size based on
logistical considerations & safety
Utility Tunneling Method
Characteristic of Utility Tunneling
MethodDiameter
Range (inches)
Typical Installation
(feet)
Pipe Materials
Typical Applications
Accuracy( + or - )
Utility Tunneling 42” & larger 1,600 RCP, GRP,
Steel
Pressure & Gravity
Pipelines~1”
Trenchless Technology Methods
Trenchless Methods
Construction Methods Renewal Methods
Utility Tunneling
Pipe Jacking
Horizontal Earth Boring
Cured-in-Place Pipe
Close-fit Pipe
Thermoformed Pipe
Sliplining
Modified Sliplining
In-line Replacement
Localized Repair
Lateral Renewal
Coatings & Linings
Manhole Renewal
Horizontal Auger Boring
HDD
Microtunneling
Pipe Ramming
Pipe Jacking Method
• Pipe Jacking– Similar to Utility Tunneling, except it
combines the excavation & pipe installation into one step
– Product pipe sizes 42” & larger– Limitations on length & size based on
logistical considerations & safety
Pipe Jacking
• Pipe jacking is a trenchless technique forinstalling new underground pipelines andculverts.– Conventional Pipe Jacking– Pilot Tube– Horizontal Auger Boring (Bore and Jack)– Microtunneling
Pipe Jacking Method
Characteristic of Pipe Jacking
MethodDiameter
Range (inches)
TypicalInstallation
(feet)
Pipe Materials
Typical Applications
Accuracy( + or - )
Pipe Jacking 42” & larger 1,600 RCP, GRP, Steel
Pressure & Gravity
Pipelines~1”
Typical Components of a Pipe Jacking Operation
VentilationBlower
Generator Power Pack
Bentonite Pump
LaserTelescopic CylindersThrust Block
OperatorMCB Control Desk
Pit Floor
Skid BaseThrust Ring
Intermediate Jacking Station
Haul Unit
Jacking PipeDirt BucketConveyor
Boring Head
Pipe Jacking Components
1. Control and steering desk2. Crane 3. Jacking pipes4. Separation plant5. Mixing plant
6. Supply pump7. Shield machine8. Intermediate jacking station9. Main jacking station10. Abutment (Thrust block)
Trenchless Technology Methods(Road and Railroad Crossings)
Trenchless Methods
Construction Methods Renewal Methods
Utility Tunneling
Pipe Jacking
Horizontal Earth Boring
Cured-in-Place Pipe
Close-fit Pipe
Thermoformed Pipe
Sliplining
Modified Sliplining
In-line Replacement
Localized Repair
Lateral Renewal
Coatings & Linings
Manhole Renewal
Horizontal Auger Boring
HDD
Microtunneling
Pipe Ramming
Horizontal Auger Boring Method
• Process of simultaneously jacking casing through the earth while removing the spoil inside the encasement by means of a rotating flight auger
Horizontal Auger Boring Method
• Horizontal Auger Boring– Performed in two steps:
• Excavation & installation of the casing pipe• Installation of carrier pipe & filling annular space
with grout– Crossing technique– Available with
• Dynamic grade control• Dynamic line & grade control
Horizontal Auger Boring Method
Characteristic of Horizontal Auger Boring
MethodDiameter
Range (inches)
Maximum Installation
(feet)
Pipe Materials
Typical Applications
Accuracy( + or - )
Auger Boring 4”-60” 600’ Steel Road Crossings
1% of bore length
Auger Boring w/grade control
4”-60” 600’ Steel Road Crossings 12”
Auger Boring w/line &
grade control4”-60” 600’ Steel Road
Crossings 12”
Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) (Pressure Pipelines and Conduits)
Trenchless Methods
Construction Methods Renewal Methods
Utility Tunneling
Pipe Jacking
Horizontal Earth Boring
Cured-in-Place Pipe
Close-fit Pipe
Thermoformed Pipe
Sliplining
Modified Sliplining
In-line Replacement
Horizontal Auger Boring
HDD
Microtunneling
Pipe Ramming
Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) (Pressure Pipelines and Conduits)
• Usually performed in two (or more) steps:
• Drilling of pilot hole using a steerable drill head & locator system
• Backreaming to increase pilot hole diameter & pullback of product pipe
– Product pipe sizes up to about 60”
– Typically used for road and river crossings
Horizontal Directional Drilling Method (HDD)
Characteristic of Horizontal Directional Drilling
MethodDiameter
Range (inches)
Maximum Installation
(feet)
Pipe Materials
Typical Applications
Accuracy( + or - )
Mini-HDD 4”-12” < 600’ PE, PVC, DIP
Pressure Pipe & Cables
Varies
Midi-HDD 12”-24” 600’ – 2,000’ PE, Steel Pressure Pipe Varies
Maxi-HDD 24” - 60” 2,000’ – 6,000’ Steel Pressure Pipe Varies
Trenchless Technology Methods
Trenchless Methods
Construction Methods Renewal Methods
Utility Tunneling
Pipe Jacking
Horizontal Earth Boring
Cured-in-Place Pipe
Close-fit Pipe
Thermoformed Pipe
Sliplining
Modified Sliplining
In-line Replacement
Localized Repair
Lateral Renewal
Coatings & Linings
Manhole Renewal
Horizontal Auger Boring
HDD
Microtunneling
Pipe Ramming
Microtunneling Method(Gravity Pipelines)
• Microtunneling– Also known as remote-controlled pipe jacking– Product pipe sizes 12” & larger– Uses automation for processes performed by
workers within the tunnel on pipe jacking• Remote controlled MTBM• Remote controlled excavation & spoil removal• Remote controlled guidance system
Microtunneling Method
Characteristic of Microtunneling
MethodDiameter
Range (inches)
Typical Installation
(feet)
Pipe Materials
Typical Applications
Accuracy( + or - )
Microtunneling > 12” 1,000’RCP, GRP, VCP, DIP,
Steel, PCP
GravityPipelines
~1”
Microtunneling Method
• Guidance systems based on a laser set in jacking shaft
• Types of guidance systems– Passive– Active
Trenchless Technology Methods
Trenchless Methods
Construction Methods Renewal Methods
Utility Tunneling
Pipe Jacking
Horizontal Earth Boring
Cured-in-Place Pipe
Close-fit Pipe
Thermoformed Pipe
Sliplining
Modified Sliplining
In-line Replacement
Horizontal Auger Boring
HDD
Pilot Tube Microtunneling
Microtunneling
Pipe Ramming
Trenchless Technology Methods(Road and Railroad Crossings)
• Pipe Ramming– Performed in two steps:
• Installation of the casing pipe by using an air hammer from a drive pit
• Use closed-end casing (<8” diameter)• Use open-end casing for >8”, clean spoil
from casing after drive completed• Installation of carrier pipe & filling annular
space with grout
– Best suited for road crossings
Pipe Ramming Method
Characteristic of Pipe Ramming
MethodDiameter
Range (inches)
Typical Installation
(feet)
Pipe Materials
Typical Applications
Accuracy( + or - )
Pipe Ramming < 150” 250 Steel Road Crossings
Depends on setup
Trenchless Technology Methods
Trenchless Methods
Construction Methods Renewal Methods
Utility Tunneling
Pipe Jacking
Horizontal Earth Boring
Cured-in-Place Pipe
Close-fit Pipe
Thermoformed Pipe
Sliplining
Modified Sliplining
In-line Replacement
Horizontal Auger Boring
HDD
Pilot Tube Microtunneling
Microtunneling
Pipe Ramming
Compaction Methods
Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP)(Gravity & Pressure Pipelines)
• Installs a resin-impregnated, thin-walled liner tube inside of host pipe
• Liner resin is cured with the liner in place inside of the host pipe
• Creates a new liner pipe within the host pipe
• Available in a variety of diameters & shapes
Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP)
Characteristic of CIPP MethodsMethod Diameter
Range (inches)
Maximum Installation
(feet)
Liner Materials Typical Applications
Inverted in
place
4” -108” 3,000’ Thermoset resin/fabric composite
Gravity & pressure pipelines
Winched in
Place
4” -100” 1,500’ Thermoset resin/fabric composite
Gravity & pressure pipelines
Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP)– Manufacturing (Wet-Out)
Felt is vacuum-impregnated with catalyzed resin, loaded onto a refrigerated truck and transported to the jobsite
Source: Insituform Technologies
Refrigerated Truck
Water Source
Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP)– Inversion method
Liner is brought to the site and inverted into place using a column of water or air pressure
Source: Insituform Technologies
Hot Water Cure
Boiler / platform truck
Recirculation piping
Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP)– Curing Cycle
Water is heated and continuously circulated through a boiler unit until the CIPP is fully cured
Source: Insituform Technologies
Refrigerated Truck
Winch
Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP)– Pull-In-Place Method
Liner is brought to the site, carefully pulled into place and expanded using a water or air-inverted calibration tube
Source: Insituform Technologies
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTONCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
NEW MASTER OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT (MCM)
Center for Underground Infrastructure Research & Education
Grouping of university, municipal, industrial, business and governmental representatives committed to the advancement of knowledge in materials, methods and equipment used in underground infrastructure.
RESEARCH CONSORTIUM
Current Research at The University of Texas at Arlington
Design Guide Scope:- An overview of planning and design requirements
for structural renewal of water pipes utilizing Spray-in-PlacePipe (SIPP) lining, a Hybrid Polyurea Structuralenhancement spray method.
Topics Addressed Method Selection Design Principles Lining Thickness Calculations Material Consumption Quality Control Cost Analysis
Design Guide3MTM TM
Spray In Place Pipe (SIPP) 269 Lining
(Hybrid Polyurea Structural Linings) for Water Pipes
Prepared By:The Center For Underground
Infrastructure Research and Education(CUIRE)
The University of Texas at ArlingtonDr. Mohammad Najafi
Current Research at The University of Texas at Arlington
Installation Guide
Scope:- An overview of each phase of installationfrom pipe preparation, cleaning, disinfecting toproject closeout and delivery.
Topics Addressed
Condition Assessment Inspection Methods Cleaning Methods Disinfection Curing Project Safety Project Delivery
Installation Guide3MTM TM
Spray-In-Place Pipe (SIPP) 269 Coating(Hybrid Polyurea Structural) for Water Pipes
Prepared By:The Center For Underground Infrastructure Research and
Education(CUIRE)
The University of Texas at ArlingtonDr. Mohammad Najafi
ASTM & ASCE Working Committees Working Group WK23937 Collaboration Standard Practice for Renewal of Existing Pressure Pipes by
Spray in Place Pipe with Polyurea Resin. Scope: This practice describes the procedures for renewal of water
pipes by using 100% polyurea lining. It covers proposed designmethod, installation techniques and inspection required for liningwater pipes using polyurea resin.
Topics Addressed: Standards Methods Preparation Work Designing Testing
Durability and Reliability of Large Diameter
(16 in. and Larger) HDPE Pipe for Water Main Applications (Project #4485)
Journal of Pipeline Systems (JPS) Engineering and Practice
• New pipeline technologies, • Planning, engineering, design,
construction (conventional and trenchless),
• Renewal, safety, operation and maintenance,
• Asset management, • Environmental aspects, and• Sustainability of pipeline
systems.http://www.editorialmanager.com/jrnpseng/
• Need more hybrid methods with enhanced capabilities.
• Need more standards and guidelines.• Need more training and education.• Due to nature of trenchless technology
projects, the Contractor and the Engineer must work together to understand the project’s expectations and work through potential problems.
Summary
• Selection of the best method is a function of many issues including:– Size (diameter)– Shape– Alignment– Environment (soil, fluid & temperature)– Structural needs– Loads (overburden, hydrostatic, surface)– Flow capacity (hydraulics) – Others????
Summary
Conclusions• CUIRE can be a resource for you!
– Pipe/soil interactions– Physical testing & computer modeling– Review of design alternatives– Life-cycle cost analysis– Constructability– Trenchless technology– Education, training and certification courses
Questions?Dr. Mohammad Najafi, P.E., F. ASCE
Director of Center for Underground Infrastructure Research & Education (CUIRE)
Phone: 817-272-0507
Email: [email protected]
www.cuire.org