tree growth unit 10
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Tree Growth Unit 10. Objectives. Learn how woody plants grow Know where growth occurs in a tree Understand the relationship of tree ring growth and environmental conditions Describe limiting factors for tree GROWTH. Question. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Tree GrowthUnit 10
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Objectives
• Learn how woody plants grow
• Know where growth occurs in a tree
• Understand the relationship of tree ring growth and environmental conditions
• Describe limiting factors for tree GROWTH
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Question
• If I were to hammer a nail into a tree 3 feet off the ground and the tree grows 1foot per year. In 25years how far off the ground will the nail be?
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How Does A Tree Grow• MERISTEM tissue in the • Bud--crown• Root tips--roots• Cambium--trunk
From the MSU AGRSCIENCE WEB PAGE
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Roots
• Apical MERISTEM protected by a root cap (cells divide and differentiate)
• Permanent roots—anchorage
• Feeder roots
• Root hairs—water and nutrient absorption
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Roots• Absorbing roots are concentrated in the top 6-18 inches of soil (water,
nutrients and oxygen)
• Roots cover 4 to 7 times the area of the crown
From the MSU AGRSCIENCE WEB PAGE
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Tree Root Classes
• Heart root (red oak, honey locust, basswood, pines)
• Tap root (hickory, walnut, butternut, white oak and hornbeam)
• Flat root (birch, fir, spruce, sugar maple, cottonwood and silver maple)
From the Iowa State University Forestry Extensionhttp://www.ag.iastate.edu/departments/forestry/ext/pubs/F-308.pdf
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Trunk
• Growth in diameter of plants is due to cell division in the cambium
• Located just under the bark• Inside—xylem –conducts water and
nutrients• Outside—phloem—transports sugars,
amino acids, vitamins, hormones and stored food
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Heartwood
XylemCambium
PhloemOuter Bark
From the MSU AGRSCIENCE WEB PAGE
*Sapwood
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From the MSU AGRSCIENCE WEB PAGE
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From the University of Georgia School of Forestry http://www.forestry.uga.edu/warnell/service/library/index.php3?docID+172
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From the MSU AGRSCIENCE WEB PAGE
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Wood Types
• Spring wood (early wood)• Summer wood (late wood)• Heart wood—old xylem tissue (provides
structure and infection resistance)• Sapwood—living xylem active in fluid
transport• Phloem—inner bark nutrient transport,
outer bark—dead phloem
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Factors Affecting Ring Growth
From the University of Georgia School of Forestry http://www.forestry.uga.edu/warnell/service/library/index.php3?docID+172
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Crown• Buds—apical MERISTEM 3 types
• Mixed—shoots—leaves and or flowers
• Leaf buds
• Shoot buds
• Terminal buds--apex of MERISTEM (trunk)
• Lateral buds—branches and flowers
From: Iowa State University Forestry Extension Notes F-308 www.ag.iastate.edu/departments/forestry/ext/pubs/F-308.pdf
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Types Of Buds
• Fixed growth—the number of leaves and nodes for next year is fixed by this years resource availability (length of nodes is dependent on next years conditions (pine, oaks hickory)
• Free growth—buds containing leaves are preformed but additional leaves can be added depending on that years CONDITONS (cottonwood, willow, and silver maple)
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Tree Form
• EXCURRENT—strong apical dominance (conical—pines)
• DECURRENT—lack of strong apical dominance—deliquescent (large
spreading crowns)
From: Iowa State University Forestry Extension Notes F-308 www.ag.iastate.edu/departments/forestry/ext/pubs/F-308.pdf
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What Have We Learned Today
• Learned tree growth occurs in Meristem tissue of Roots (tip), trunk (cambium) and crown (buds) (Down, Out and Up)
• Water is the most restrictive factor affecting tree growth (Light, Temperature and Relative humidity)