TREE ANATOMY

TREE CUT-AWAY

WARPS IN LUMBER

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

A reaction of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.

Light is absorbed by chlorophyll, the green pigment present in leaves.

This creates energy for the tree. The by-product off this reaction is

oxygen.

DIVISIONS OF TREES

Coniferous Trees

Softwood Bears needles Evergreens Bears cones to

reproduce

Deciduous Trees

Hardwood Bears leaves Lose their leaves

in winter Bears fruits and

nuts to reproduce

CONIFEROUS TREES(SOFTWOOD)

Lodgepole Pine

Pale-yellow sapwood is soft.

Heartwood is deep yellow to reddish- brown.

Resinous.

CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD)

White Pine

Straight grain. Pale-yellow to

pale-brown in colour.

Fine resin-duct marks.

CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD)

Douglas Fir

One of the strongest softwoods.

Straight grain. Reddish-brown

timber. Pronounced grain.

CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD)

Yellow Spruce

Non-resinous. Creamy-white

wood. Slightly pink

heartwood.

CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD)

Western Red Cedar

Soft aromatic timber.

Reddish-brown in colour.

Resistant to mildew and rotting.

CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD)

Yellow Cedar

Pale-yellow even textured wood.

Fine straight grain.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF HARDWOODS

Ring-porous: clearly defined pores along the growth ring, usually two to three high.

Diffuse-porous: have pores distributed relatively evenly throughout the growth ring.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

Red Oak

Ring-porous. Straight grained. Pinkish-red in

colour. $4.50 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

White Oak

Ring-porous. Straight grained. Medium coarse

texture. Whiter wood than

red oak. $6.50 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

White Ash

Ring-porous. Course but generally

straight grained wood.

White sapwood. Pale-brown

heartwood. $5.50 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

Red Alder

Diffuse-porous. One of the softest

hardwoods. Can dent with finger

nail. Pale-yellow to

reddish-brown colour.

$3.75 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

Western Maple

Diffuse-porous. Softer hardwood. Straight grain. Light creamy-

brown colour. $3.50 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

Eastern Rock Maple

Diffuse-porous. Very hard & heavy

hardwood. White sapwood. Straight grain. $6.50 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

Bird’s Eye Maple

Diffuse-porous. Very hard & heavy

hardwood. White sapwood. Has a lot of eyes

all over the wood. $11.50 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

White Birch

Diffuse-porous Fine straight grained

wood. Creamy-white

sapwood. Pale-brown

heartwood. $4.75 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

American Black Cherry

Diffuse-porous Hard straight grained

wood. Heartwood is reddish-

brown to deep red. Brown flecks and some

gum pockets. Looks similar to Western

Maple. $5.75 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

Black Walnut

Diffuse-porous. Softer hardwood. Usually straight

grained, but can be wavy.

Rich dark brown to purplish-black.

$6.50 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

Philippine Mahogany

Diffuse-porous. Very open grained

wood. Rough texture. Light brown colour. $6.75 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

Honduras Mahogany

Diffuse-porous. Medium textured

wood. Straight grained. Heartwood is reddish-

brown to deep red colour.

$9.65 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

Purpleheart

Diffuse-porous. Uniform fine to medium

texture wood. Grain direction

changes without warning.

Very hard. Attractive purple

colour. $7.50 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

Orange Padauk

Diffuse-porous. Very hard and

heavy wood. Rich red to purple-

brown colour with red streaks.

$10.75 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

Bubinga

Diffuse-porous. Straight or

interlocked and irregular grain.

Red-brown in colour, with purple veining.

$12.75 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

Wenge

Diffuse-porous. Very coarse textured

wood. Light brown with dark

purple veins. Very hard and heavy

hardwood. $14.75 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

Zebrawood

Diffuse-porous. Coarse textured

wood. White wood with dark

brown vein lines. Grain direction

changes without warning.

$17.50 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

Cocobolo

Diffuse-porous. Hard, heavy, tough

wood with irregular grain.

Attractive colour, with purple to yellow, with black markings.

$22.75 per bdft.

DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

Ebony

Diffuse-porous. Hard, dense, and

heavy wood. Fine even texture. Straight, irregular or

wavy grain. Dark brown to black

colour. $92.00 per bdft.

MAN-MADE BOARDS

PLYWOOD BOARDS Decorative

plywood. Three-ply board. Multi-ply. Hardwood

plywood. Fir core plywood.

PARTICLE BOARDS Single-layer

chipboard. Three-layer

chipboard. Melamine

chipboard. Oriented-strand

board. Flakeboard.

FIBREBOARDS High-density (HM)

board. Low-density (LM)

board. Medium-density

fibreboard (MDF). Oak-veneered MDF

board. Standard hardboard. Tempered hardboard. Embossed hardboard. Decorative-faced

hardboard. Perforated hardboard.

HARDWOOD PLYWOOD VS. SOLID HARDWOOD

PRO’S

Does not warp like solid lumber will.

Cut the size you want. No need to glue up panels.

Cheaper than solid woods.

Uses less trees to make hardwood plywood, than using solid lumber.

CON’S

Have to glue solid lumber on the end grain to hide the core of the plywood.

Exceptable to dents and scratches, exposing the core of the plywood.

Appearance not as nice as solid lumber.

THE END!