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Symbolic Petition of Chippewa Chiefs, 1849

During the late 1840s, rumors circulated around Wisconsin that the Chippewa Indians whoinhabited land near Lake Superior were destined to be removed from their homes and sent toinland Minnesota. In 1849 a Chippewa delegation traveled to Washington to petition Congress

and President James K. Polk to guarantee the tribe a permanent home in Wisconsin. These dele-gates carried this symbolic petition with them on their journey.

The animal figures represent the various totems, as determined by family lineage, whoserepresentatives made the historic appeal. Other images represent some features of the tribesbeloved north woods. Lines connect the hearts and eyes of the various totems to a chain of wildrice lakes, signifying the unity of the delegations purpose.

This pictograph, originally rendered by the Chippewa on the inner bark from a white birchtree, was redrawn by Seth Eastman and appears in Henry Rowe Schoolcrafts Historical andStatistical Information Respecting the History, Condition, and Prospects of the Indian Tribes ofthe United States, Vol. 1 (1851).

The following legend details the pictographs numbered images and what they represent:

1. Osh-ca-ba-wisChief and leader of the delegation, representing the Crane totem.2. Wai-mi-tig-oazhHe of the Wooden Vessel, a warrior of the Marten totem.3. O-ge-ma-gee-zhigSky Chief, a warrior of the Marten totem.4. Muk-o-mis-ud-ainsA warrior of the Marten totem.5. O-mush-koseLittle Elk, of the Bear totem.6. Penai-seeLittle Bird, of the Man Fish totem.7. Na-wa-je-wunStrong Stream, of the Catfish totem.8. Rice lakes in northern Wisconsin.9. Path from Lake Superior to the rice lakes.

10. Lake Superior Shoreline.11. Lake Superior.

(Reprinted with permission from The Wisconsin Historical Society)


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Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission, October 2005

Introduction

Acknow ledg m ents

For m ore inform at ion


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Table of Contents

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Understanding treaty rights3


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Treaty Ceded Areas


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Treaty rights in Wisconsin,

Minnesota and Michigan

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Maple sap bubbles in a k ett le during the spring seasonin t he sugarbush.


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Comparison of tribal/state walleye

harvest in Wisconsin, 1990 - 2004


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Gat hering birchbark, another form of exercisingoff-reservation, treaty rights.


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Mille Lacs Lake

Tribal Harvest and Estimated Angler Harvest of Walleye1998-2004


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Great Lakes Indian

Fish & Wildlife Commission

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GLIFWC enforcement officers provide hunter safetycourses on reservat ion in addit ion t o t heir regularduties. Above, Central District Supervisor / BadR iv er A rea Warden Vern St one w ork s w it h BadRiv er youth during a hunter safety class.


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Ron Parisien, GLIFWC w ildl ife t echnican, reseedsCrook ed Lake, Gogebic County , Mich., as part of acooperat ive project betw een GLIFWC, Lac VieuxDesert and the Ot taw a Nat ional Forest .(Photo by M. J. Kew ley)


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The anti-Indian movement,from STA to the KKK

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Popular misconceptions aboutOjibwe treaty rights

APPENDIX I31


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An historical review

APPENDIX II 33


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Treaty with the Ottawa, etc.

March 28, 1836

APPENDIX III42


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Treaty with the Chippewa

July 29, 1837

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Treaty with the ChippewaOctober 4, 1842

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Treaty with the Chippewa

September 30, 1854

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Treaty with the ChippewaFebruary 22, 1855

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APPENDIX IV

Resource materials


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treaty rights 06

Documents