.-.

9

TPIAE!ENT OF COOLING '4ATER ~JITH SODIW HYFOC E mI'E

E THE VEF1'CNT YANKEE ?IIICLEAR PC'JER STATICN, VEP' ION, 7E CT:E - m J ' ;^ -

Closed Cycle Operation

INTfiODUCTION

The studies were conducted to define the concentration-time reistianshipsof free and cc bined chlorine (1) at the cooling tower inlet fferetay), (2) atthe cooling tower outlet, (i.e. af terbay and blowdcwn) 2nd (3) in tha i- a" atereceiving water area (Vernon Pond of the Connecticut River). The study reportedhere was conducted during May 1973.

During this period knd since commercial operation began in September 1972)the plant has been operated entirely in the closed cycle code, hence, coolingwater discharged to Vernon Pond was limited to blowdown. Since the first chlor-(I) ination on March 27, 1973, to date, the plant has operated at 755 of full power(i.e. 405 NVe). The point of hypochlorite injection to the cooling rater avstenis betweer the trash rc.cks and vertical traveling screens in the intake structure.Chlorine was injected in the form of 12% sodium hypochlorite solution.

METHODOLOGY

Chlorination was perforced by the 7erront Isnkee Chemistry and Health ?"ys'esStaff and campling and analyses were perferred both by plant sta## ad "'e cher is-try staff of Acuatec, Inc. of South Eurlington, 7er cnt. Ecth plant staff andAquatec staff had the opport. unity to concult personally with Dr. Joseph E. Driley,Environmental Statement Project, Argonne National Laboratory. On May 3-4, 19"3,Dr. Draley visited the plant, and personally ran several cnalyses for free cdcombined residual chlorine with the Vermont Yankee and Aquatec staff in attend 1nce.

For the remainder of the progr1 in May grab camples were collected in 'hegg forebay and af terbay of the discharge structure by lowering 2 veigPted plac:ic

bottle on a rope into the bays. Grab samples of the blovdcwn rere c^'' aa+ nd frc:the blowdown discharge pipe on the apron of the discharge stru;ture. 31 ples ofriver water were collected in the river within 1C0 feet of the river edge of thedischarge structure.

Backg"ound chlorine residuals were re2 ured before chlor.z.uticr. Jterinitiation of chlorination at the intake stracture, cooling water 31 ples .rerecollected in the forebay every one to two ninutes and titrated for total chicrineresidual. '4 hen the maximum total chlorine ccncentratien was approached titr;tifor free chlorine residual were also perfor ed. '4 hen the maximum resih11 in ::.aforebay was reached, campling of the afterbay and/or the b1cwdown wac terun. 512-pling 2nd titratien for total and free chlorine was continued antil the patternof decay of chlorine concentration was establiched. S1 pling of the river wasbegun af ter the maximum chlcrine residual was detected in the bicvdown c22;1ec.

In addition to these stidies, on May 17, 1973, the bicudcwn was 21 pledexclusively during one chlorination run to obtain more ec plete ccncentrati:n-time data on the plant discharge.

The 2nalyses for total and free 2vailable chlor ze tere icne -y the

, . .

79071700/J SUb }26

.

. .

.- -, -t1

A perometric Titration Method, Section 1143, Standnrd Vethois for '''Ex1ninstion of Water and 'instewater, 13th Edition. The an11 ces aera7perfor ed with a Wallace and Tiernan A perometric Titrator, Series A792.

Tabulations of all experimental results are attached (pages 1 1oT. Theresults have been sv riced graphically on experimental runs in which thequantity of data was cufficient to justify such a presentation. Maxima on thessgraphs were obtained by extrapolation.

A graphical presentation of data on pages 19-24 follows the tabular datase ry on pages 1-19.

SLMMARY

1. Data presented (pages 1-24) on the resulta of test ecoling water chlorinationare confined to plant operation under the following specific conditions.

Complete closed-cycle operation utilicing both rechanical-draf t we -typea.[[) cooling towers (11 cells each tower).

b. Data frc one conth (May).

c. Operation only at 75% of full power (i.e. 405 MWe).

2. During the test period in May, total residual chlorine concentra:icns zere,except for one case observe 4 below the 0.1 mg/l regulatien limit (0.03 mg/1) inthe af terbay and blowdown (cooling tower outlet) fpages 22-23) wk* ' a -ve'-"' 'otalresidual chlorine in the forebay condenser outlet-cooling tower inlet was reccrdedonce as 0.64 mg/l (pages 11 and 21). Throughout May, hypochlorite ws regularlyinjected 6 days per week at 50 gallons per day in one 10-minute slug each day.

3. Chlorination data are not developed for open cycle-operation 2nd/or operationat other times of the year, viz. sur:er =cnths when bacterial, fungal and nlg11growths can be expected to be maximum within the cooling water systers and 'he

g cooling towers. For these reasons, the herein reported test chould not be regardedas conclusive as to what steps might be necescary to prevent biological fouling ofthe cooling water hardware at (a) 100% of pcwer, (b) cunner conths and other tiresof the year, (c) open-cycle operation.

4. Under the conditions of the present test, the chlorinaticn protocol ador:edexperimentally has 'ceen adequate to keep the condenser cycta= car zg in 2 reaccn-able : bate of cle1nliness. It has, however, not resulte cdequate control ofd 3-

bactecial cline growth in the cooling towers. Apparently a great deal of recidusichlorine is evaporated in cooling tower water vapor and drif t. This slice tulld-up is seen by Vermont Iankee staff to b.e potentially 1 cericus proble: to pl1ntopera *, ion particularly in the summer conths when increased 1 bient river tercers-tures occur. Ambient river temperature in May (present tect) ranged frcr 2ppron-imately 50-65CF while 7ernen Pond river temperature in July and ;r:ct c1n ce

Cexpected to reach as high as 75-80 F based on historical data.

5. At no time did the total residual chlorine concentraticn in the c_ /er 1: 1

point 1C0 feet frc the discharge peint exceed 0.01 ag/1. For the 12fority ofanalyses, no reasurable to'al residual chlorine a2: detze:ed in the ri/er.

c. If and when the plant is allowed once-throug" :coling 'open- ycle :;;rstica'a new test period for cooling water chlcrination wi.1 protably be necec;2ry ainae

7c(.) b d h u! ,|, n

.

.

.

- _-- -1

the results of the present chlorination testing on cloced-cycle :persticn chauldnot be extrapolated (or if so, with great care) to (a) open-cycle opera icn and/'or (b) operation at 100% power, and/or (c) operation in c"--a" "-d winter non 'ac.

For these three reasons, it is reconnended that 7ernont Iankee be permittedadditional testing periods under varying conditions (supra) based solely on need(condenser-cooling tower cleanliness) with the present upper total residualchlorine concentration limit for testing (RE: Non-Radiological Technical Speci-fications Section 1.0.B.2, page 3) of 0.5 ng/l at the point of discharge to theriver (af terbay/ blowdown) .

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CHLORINE RESIDUALSIN

DISCHARGE STRUCTURE FCREGAY-

Gallcns of Total Chlcrine Free ChicrineHupcchlcrite Residuals Residuals

Date Run Addec Observed Extracolated Cbserved Extracclated_

5/14/73 I 50 0.06 0.05 0.C2 C.C3II 150 0.20 0.24 0.04 C.09

III 50 0.18 0.18 <.01 ---

5/15/73 I 50 0.10 0.lE C.0L C.C6II 50 0.27 0.35 0.06 C.08

III 50 0.35 0.38 0.12 0.13IV 50 0.28 0.40 0.12 C.15

O

CHLORINE. RESIDUALSIN

DISCHARGE STRUCTURE AFTERSAY

Gallons cr Total Chlorine Free ChicrineHypcchlcrite Residuals ResidualsDate Run Added Cbserved Extracciated Ebcerved Extracciated

5/14/73 I 50 0.02 -- -- --

II 150 0.05 <.Cl----

III 50 0.08 <.01--

5/'c/73 I 50 0.02h !! 50 0.05- -- --

>.01 ----

III 50 0.0S -- >.Cl --

IV 50 0.05 >.01 ----

'C/JJJ 1,90,, , ,

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.

VERMONT YANKEE CHLCRINATICN STUDY

Date: S/4/73

Run: I

Gallons of Hypochlorite Added: --

Forebay Aftercay 61cudoun RiverTime Free Total Free Total Free Total free Total

1132 -- -- -- __ - -- -- -- --

1136 0.00 -- -- -- -- -- ----

1137 -- 0.00 -- __ -- -- -- --

1139 -- 0.10 -- -- -- -- -- --

1141 0.00 0.08(7)-- -- -- -- -- --

1145 0.02 0.12 -- -- -- -- -- --

1148 -- -- 0.00 0.C6 -- -- -- --

1150 0.00 0.03 -- -- -- ---- --

1152 0.00 0.C6 -- -- -- -- -- --

1158 0.00 0.05 -- -- -- -- __ -

1204 0.04 -- -- -- 0.C0-- -- --

1209 -- -- -- -- -- ---- --

1214 0.00 0.00 -- -- -- -- -- -_

1219 0.C0 0.01-- -- -- -- -- --

1231 0.01 -- -- -- ---- -- --

h

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VERMONT YANKEE CHLCRIf,ATION STUDY

Date. 5/14/73

Run: I

Gallons of Hypochlorite Added: 50-

Forebay Afterbay alcudcun RiverTime Free Total Free Total Free Total Free Tctal

1116 <.01 <.01 -- -- -- <.01-- --

1118 -- <.01 -- -- -- -- -- -

1120 <.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1123 .01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1125 -- .03 -- -- -- -- -- -#

I) 1126 -- .C6 -- -- -- -- -- --

1129 .02 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1131 -- -- -- .02 -- -- -- --

1134 -- <.01 -- -- -- -- -- --

1136 -- -- -- <.01 -- -- -- --

1203 <.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1207 <.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1213 4.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

M

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VERMCNT YANKEE CHLCRINATICN STUDY

Date: 5/14/73

Run: II

Gallans of Hypochlcrita Added: < 150 gallons

Forebay Afterbay Slcudcun RiverTime Free Total Free Total Free Total Free Total

1350 <.01 <.01 -- -- -- <.Cl-- --

@ 1352 <.01 -- -- -- -- -- ----

1354 <.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1355 -- .09 -- -- -- -- -- -

1357 .01 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1359 .20-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1603 .05-- -- -- -- -- -- --

14C6 .C4 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

16CS <.31-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1412 .C4-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1415 -- -- -- .05 -- -- -- --

1417 .05 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1L20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- .C31423 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- <.Cl1425 <.01 .03 -- -- -- -- -- --

1428 <.01 .C3 -- -- -- ---- --

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VERMONT YANKEE CHLCRINATICN STUDY

Cate: 5/lL/73

Run: III

Gallons of Hypochlorite Added: 50

Fcrebay Afterbay Sloudcun RivarTime Free Total Free Total Free Tctal Free Tcta;

1515 <.01 -- -- -- -- -- ----

1917 <.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --O 1519 .01 -- -- -- -- -- ----

1521 -- .la -- -- -- -- -- --

1523 -- -- -- .08 -- -- -- --

1529 <.01 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1532 <.01 .C8-- -- -- -- -- --

1534 .05-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1538 .05-- -- -- -- -- -- --

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VERMCNT YANKEE CHLCRINATICN STUDY

Date: 5/15/73

Run: I

Gallons of Hypochlcrite Added: 50

Forebay Afterbay Sicudoun RiverTime Free Total Free Total Free Total Free Total

C801 -- <.01 -- -- -- -- -- --

C803 -- -- -- <.01 -- -- -- --

O 0810 <.01 -- -- -- -- -- ----

Cal 2 . - - <.01--- -- -- -- -- --

.C814 -- <.01 -- -- - -- -- --

CS16 <.01 -- -- -- -- -- ----

CSIS .03-- -- -- -- -- -- --

CB19 -- .08 -- -- -- -- -- --

CS23 .0L .10 -- -- -- -- -- --

0829 <.01 -- -- -- -- -- ----

C330 -- -- -- .01 -- -- -- --

CS32 .01 -- -- -- -- -- ----

0634 -- -- -- .01 -- -- -- --

CS36 -- .02 -- -- -- -- -- --

-- -- -- .02 -- -- -- --C635CSLO -- .01 -- -- -- -- -- --

CSL2 .01 -- -- -- ---- -- --

08L3 -- .01 -- -- -- -- -- --

m CSL6 -- -- -- <.01 -- -- -- --

U CSL7 -- .01 _- -- -- -_ -_ --

CSL9 -- -- -- .01 -- -- -- --

0551 -- .01 -- -- -- -- -- --

. . .

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VERMONT YANKEE CHLCRINATICN STUDY

Date: 5/15/73

Run: II

Gallens of Hypochlorita Added: 50

Forebay After0ay Slcwdcun River_Tima Free Total Free Total #rce Total Free Total

1001 <.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1002 <.01 -- -- -- -- -- --

--

("\ 1003 <.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1006 <.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1006 -- <.01 -- -- -- --

.03-- --

1007 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1003 .02 .13 -- -- -- -- -- --

1013 .06 .27 -- -- -- -- -- --

1017 .07-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1019 <.01 .05-- ---- -- -- --

1022 .05-- -- -- -- -- -- --

102L .0L-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1026 .05-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1027 .04-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1029 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- >.011033 .03-- -- -- -- -- -- --

103L .02-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1036 -- .03 -- -- -- -- -- --

g'sg 1035 .03-- -- -- -- -- -- --

10L0 .01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1043 .02-- -- -- -- -- -- --

104L .02-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1045 .02-- -- -- -- -- -- --

7c/J fI'*e3

.

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VCRMONT YANKEE CHLCRINATION STUDY

Date: 5/15/73

Run: III

Gallcos of Hypochlcrite Added: 50

Fcrebay Afterbay Blowdcun RiverTime Free Tctal Free Total Free Total Free Total

12L3 -- >.01 -- -- -- -- -- --

A 1240 -- -- -- >.01 -- -- -- --

12L5 >.01--- -- -- -- -- -- --

12L7 -- -- -- >.01 -- -- -- --

12Le .02 -- -- -- -- -- ----

12L9 -- -- -- >.01 -- -- -- --

1251 .11 .30 -- -- -- -- -- --

125L .12 .35 -- -- -- -- -- --

1300 -- -- >.01 .C8 -- -- -- --

1303 .07-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1,, C a- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---,

>.L.1307 -- .C4 -- -- -- -- -- --

13C0 .CL-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1310 -- .03 -- -- -- -- -- --

1312 .03-- -- -- -- -- -- --

131L -- .02 -- -- -- -- -- --

1315 .03-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1317 .02-- -- -- -- -- -- --

h 1313 -- .02 -- -- -- -- -- --

1320 -- -- -- .03 -- -- -- --

1322 -- .02 -- -- -- -- -- --

132L -- -- -- .02 -- -- -- --

.

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VERMONT YANKEE CHLCRINATION STUDY

Date: 5/15/73IVnun..

Gallons of Hypochlorite Added: 50

Fcrebay Afterbay Slowdcun RiverTir.c Free Total Frea Total Free Tctal Frca T: al

1509 >.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

p 1511 >.01-- -- -- -- - -- --

1512 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1513 >.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1514 -- >.01 -- -- -- -- -- --

1515 >.01 -- -- -- -- -- ----

1516 >.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1518 -- .03 -- -- -- -- -- --

1519 -- .18 -- -- -- -- __ --

152] -- -- -- -- -- -- -- __

1523 .12 .28 -- -- -- -- -- --

1527 -- .05 -- -- -- -- -- --

1529 -- -- -- .05 -- -- -- --

1533 .07-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1534 .0L-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1535 -- .0L -- -- -- -- -- --

1537 >.01 .05-- -- -- -- -- --

15L0 .03-- -- -- -- -- -- --

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VERMONT YANKEE CHLCRINATION STUDY

Date: 5/17/73T-nun: -

Gallons of Hypochlcrita Acded: 25 (Neu Lat)

Foreb3V Afterbay Slcudcun River,ima Free Total Free Total Free Tctal Free Total'

1029 -- >.01 >.01 -- -- -- ----

O 1031 -- >.01 -- -- -- -- -- --

>.011032 -- -- -- -- -- ----

1033 -- >.01 -- -- -- -- -- --

.011034 -- -- -- -- -- ----

1035 -- .20 -- -- -- -- -- --

1038 -- .GO -- -- -- -- -- --

.05 -- -- -- --1044 -- -- --

1CL9 -- .02 -- -- -- -- -- --

>.011051 -- - -- -- -- -- --

.01 -- -- -- -- -- --1053 --

.04 -- -- -- -- -- --1054 --

.02 -- -- -- --1055 -- -- --

1057 -- .01 -- -- -- -- -- --

.02 -- -- -- --1059 -- -- --

> 011101 -- -- -- -- -- ----

.031103 -- -- -- ---- -- --

g 11~05 -- .02 -- -- -- -- -- --

.011107 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1109 -- >.01 -- -- -- -- -- --

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VCRMCNT YANKEE CHLCRIT;ATICTJ STUDY

Date: 5/17/73

Run: II

Gallons of hypochlcrite Added: 30

Foretcy Afterday Slowdcun RiverTime Free Total Free Total Free Tatal Free Total

1302 -- <.01 <.01 <.01-- -- -- --

13C4 -- -- -- <.01 -- -- -- --

@ 1305 -- <.01 -- -- -- -- -- --

1306 .01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1307 <.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1308 .15-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1310 .51 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1311 .64-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1316 -- -- -- -- -- .15 -- --

1318 -- >.01 -- -- -- -- -- --

1320 .C2-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1322 .04-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1323 >.01 >.01-- -- -- -- -- --

1326 -- -- -- .03 -- -- -- --

1320 -- .02 -- -- -- -- -- --

1329 .Cl-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1331 .02-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1333 .01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

- 1330 .02-- -- -- -- -- -- --

ih 1335 .02-- -- -- -- -- -- --

.

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VCRMCNT YANMCE CHLCRINATIC'J STUDY

Octe: 5/17/73

Run: III

Gallons of Hypcchlorita Added: 25

Forabay Afterbay alcuccwn RiverTime Free Total Free Tctal Free Total Free Tctal

15C2 -- -- -- -- -- >.01 -- --

1503 >.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

Q 15CS -- -- -- -- -- >.Cl -- --~

15G5 >.01 -- ---- -- -- -- --

1507 -- -- -- -- -- >.01 -- --

1503 -- -- -- -- -- >.01 -- --

1503 -- -- -- -- -- >.01 -- --

1510 -- -- -- -- -- >.01 -- --

1511 -- - -- -- -- >.01 -- --

1512 -- - -- -- -- .C8 -- --

1513 .C8 .12 -- ---- -- -- --

1516 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- >.011~1a3e -- .02 -- -- -- -- -- --

.I c. .l o. .03-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1520 ,a1-- -- -- -- -- _- __

1522 .01 -- ---- -- -- -- --

0

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VCRMCT;T YATMEE CHLCRIT;ATICT; STUDY

Date: 5/18/73

nun: I.,

Gallons of Hypcchlorita Added:

.

Fcrebay Afterday Sicwdcun RiverTime Frco Total Free Tctal Free Tctal Free Tctal

0053 -- >.01 -- -- -- -- -- --

0958 >.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

@ 1CG5 >.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1007 >.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1CCS >.01-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1010 >.Cl-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1011 .03-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1C12 .30-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1014 .C5 -- -- .-- -- -- -- --

1015 .38 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1016 .C2 .12-- -- -- -- -- --

1021 >.Cl-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1C26 .02-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1030 .02-- -- -- -- -- -- --

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VERMCT;T YATMEE CHLCRITJATICTJ STUDY

Date: 5/18/73

Run: II

Gallons of Hypochlorita Added:

Forebay Aftarbay Blowdcun RiverTime Free Total Free Tctal Frae Total Free Total

1327 -- >.01 -- -- -- -- -- --

1343 .C2 -- -- -- -- -- ----

O 1344 -- >.01 -- -- -- -- -- --

1346 -- .CL -- -- -- -- -- --

13L7 .62-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1349 46-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1353 .C8 .14-- -- -- -- -- --

1359 .07-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1602 .C2 >.01-- -- -- -- -- --

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3 m., . c . 5/29/73.

nun: I,

Gallons cf Hypochlorite Addec: 25

*

Foreboy Afterday Slaudcun RiverTi c Free Total Free Total Free Total Free Istal

ICLR 0 0-- -- -- -- -- --

1053 -- -- -- -- -- 0 -- --

Q 1055 0-- -- -- -- -- -- --'

1058 0-- -- -- -- -- -- --

llCO 0.02-- -- -- -- -- -- --

11C2 0.02-- -- -- -- -- -- --

llCL -- -- -- -- -- 0 -- --

1105 0-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1105 0-- -- -- -- -- -- --

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VERMCNT VANiSCC CHLCRINATIGN STUDY

Date: S/25/73

Run: I

Gallons cf Hy;)cchlorita Added:

Forebay Afterbay 81cudcun RiverTi m.a Free Total Free Total Free Total Free Total

0 01020 -- -- -- -- -- --

0 01050 -- ---- -- -- --

0 0IC55 -- ---- -- -- --

0 C1105 -- -- -- -- -- --

1110 0 0-- -- -- -- -- --

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VCRMONT YANKEE CHLCRINATICN STL'DY

Date: 5/2S/73

Run: II

Gallons of H iciilcrita Acded: 50

Fcrebay Afterbay Blcudcun River_ Time _F r.e e Total Free Total Free Total -ree T tal-

0 01509 -- -- -- -- -- --

1511 0 -- ---- -- -- -- --

A 1513 -- -- -- -- -- 0 -- --

1516 0 -- ---- -- -- -- --

1519 0.C5-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1521 0.02 0.C6-- -- -- -- -- --

1523 0 0-- -- -- -- -- --

1527 3-- -- -- -- -- --

1531 0-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1535 0-- -- -- -- -- -- --

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VERMCNT YANF CHLCRINATICN STUDY

Date: 5/29/73

Run: II

Gallcn3 of hypochlorita Acced: 25

Forebay Afterbay Slcudoun RiverTime Free Total Free Tctal Free Total Free Ts:al

1413 0.02-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1414 0.03-- -- -- -- -- -- --

C 1415 -- -- -- -- -- 0.03 -- --

1417 0.00-- -- -- -- -- -- --

IL18 0.CC-- -- -- -- -- -- --

1420 0.00-- -- -- -- -- -- --

0

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RUN I 50 GALLONS

L 50 GALLONSRU N II 1~~-

RU N E --- 50 GALLONS0.25 -

SAMPLED AT THE INLET TO:\ COOLING TOWERS. 5/14/ 73'\-

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TIME FROM START OF ADDITION ( MINUTES )

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.co J ex -f.h RUN E 50 GALLONS USED

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