BLOOD

Function of Blood Transports gasses, nutrients, molecules,

hormones, and waste productsRegulates pHMaintains body temperatureProtection against foreign substances Clot formation

Composition of BloodBlood is a type of connective tissue, made of

formed elements (cells) and plasma (liquid)

Total Blood Volume = (women) 4-5 liters (men) 5-6 liters

How They Make a Sample

PlasmaPlasma makes up

55% of a blood sample

Plasma contains91% Water 7% Proteins2% Other Stuff

Formed Elements Three Types of Blood Cells red blood cells (erythrocytes) helps transport

gaseswhite blood cells (leukocytes) helps protect

the bodyplatelets (thrombocytes) clots blood

HematopoiesisHematopoiesis: Is the process of blood

production Occurs in

LiverThymus gland SpleenLymph nodes Red bone marrow

Red Blood Cells Red blood cells are the most numerous of the

blood cellsBiconcave disksLack a nucleus Produced from cells in bone marrow Hemoglobin gives red blood cells their color Red blood cells stay in circulation for 120

days in males and 110 days for females before being destroyed by white blood cells

Function of Red Blood Cells Transport oxygen from the

lungs to various tissues of the body and to assist in the transport of carbon dioxide from the tissue to the lungs.

Hemoglobin is responsible for transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Hemoglobin + Oxygen = Red Hemoglobin – Oxygen = Dark

Purple/Red

Carbonic AnhydraseCO2 + H2O H+ + HCO3

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Red Blood Cell Production

Jaundice Macrophage destroys old

blood cells Heme and Proteins are

resusedHeme turns into bilirubin a

yellow pigment that is released into the liver and taken up by the small intestine

Bilirubin is excreted in the urine

Jaundice = Yellow skin condition (live disorders)

White Blood Cells White blood cells are produced in bone

marrowLarger than red blood cells and are colorless

(white) no hemoglobin and move by amoeboid movement.

Two divisions of leukocytes granulocytes and agranulocytes.

Function is to protect the body against foreign invaders by digesting them and destroying them.

Platelets and Blood Clotting Platelets are fragments of other cells Platelets help the clotting process by

clumping together and plugging up a site of a wound.

Clotting is not always a good thing. Sometimes a small clot will form and block a blood vessel completely. (Blood clot to the brain could cause a stroke.)

Blood ClottingPlatelet adhesion occurs

and binds to site (Von Williebrand’s factor)

Platelets release ADP, Thromboxanes, and other chemicals to activate other platelets

Platelets bind to Fibrinogen and accumulate to clot.

Inflammation