transportation, air pollution, climate the road ahead in asia
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Transportation, Air Pollution, Climate The Road Ahead in Asia. August 19, 2014 Michael P. Walsh International Consultant Founding Chairman Board of Directors, International Council on Clean Transportation. Air Pollution Is Already Reaching Crisis Levels - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Transportation, Air Pollution, Climate
The Road Ahead in AsiaAugust 19, 2014
Michael P. WalshInternational Consultant
Founding Chairman Board of Directors,
International Council on Clean Transportation
Air Pollution Is Already Reaching Crisis Levels Across Asia Especially PM2.5 And O3
Lelieveld, J., and F. J. Dentener (2000)
模拟 O3浓度分布
Van Donkelaar et al. (2010)
卫星反演PM2.5浓度分布
PM2.5
O3
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Ambient PM2.5 Now Among The Leading Global Risks For Mortality And Lost Years Of Healthy Life In 2010
Contributes to 3.2 million premature deaths worldwide
Costs of Air Pollution:Health Impacts of Road Transport
• Cost to Advanced Economies Plus China and India = $3.5 Trillion per Year– OECD ~ $1.7 Trillion– China ~ $1.4 Trillion– India ~ $0.5 Trillion
• In OECD Countries ~ Half From Road Transport
Source: OECD Secretary General Gurria, , May 21, 2014
Melt descending into a moulin, a vertical shaftcarrying water to ice sheet base.
Source: Roger Braithwaite, University of Manchester (UK)
We Now Face A New Global Challenge: Climate Change
Historical High Growth Has Offset Many ImprovementsVehicles Remain Important Contributor To Local,
Regional and Global Pollution
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580
495
408
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Mobikes Walking In Cars In Buses WHO Guideline0
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micrograms/cubic meter
C ommuters Exposure to Part iculate Matter and C arbon Monoxidein H anoi, Vietnam: A Pilot Study
East W est C enter W orking Paper N o. 64, N ov 2006
PM10 Exposures in Hanoi
BC: Linking Climate and Air Pollution
• Black Carbon (BC) is part of the air pollution mixture known as particulate matter (PM)– Most strongly light-absorbing component of PM– Formed by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels, and
biomass, and is a major component of “soot”– Mainly found in the fine particle (PM2.5) fraction, which is most
strongly linked to adverse health effects
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Clean Vehicle Technologies
Appropriate Maintenance
CleanFuels
Better Air Quality
Transportation & Land use Planning
Elements of a ComprehensiveVehicle Pollution Control Strategy
Low Emissions
Diesel Vehicles and Engines are Ideal Candidates for Black Carbon Control
• Very high ratio of Black
Carbon to Organic Carbon
• Ubiquitous• Control Technology Exists• Substantial Health Co-
Benefits
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A Critical Technology: Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs)
Trapped SootCell Plugs
Exhaust In(PM, CO, HC)
Exhaust Out (CO2, H2O)
*Removes 90+% BC, PM; also HC and CO
*Requires Ultralow Sulfur Diesel (ULSD)
Pre-1981 1981-87 Post 19870
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(g/km)CO
Before Repair After Repair
Results of the British Columbia I/M Program Audit
Strategies For In-use Vehicles• Mandatory Retirement (Scrappage)
– Best applied to the oldest vehicles– Can be the most cost-effective reduction
strategy• Retrofit
– The installation of emissions control equipment on vehicles not yet ready for retirement
– Requires Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (< 50 PPM) For Most Advanced PM Filters
Looking Ahead: 15 Of The World’s Top 20 Ports Are In Asia
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Source: American Association of Port Authorities, 2009
Provided by Rich Kassel
Fuel Cell Vehicles
Battery Electric Vehicles
Plug-In Hybrids
New Energy Vehicles Entering the Market
in California 2012-2015