transport planning: case study bogota, columbia

bogo

ta

“TRANSPORTATION FOR THE PEOPLE” BY ABDUL MONIR, S.I.B

REPU

BLIC

OF

COLU

MBI

A

WHERE IS REPUBLIC OF

COLUMBIA ACTUALLY ?

AND WHERE IS BOGOTA ?

Bogota is the

capital, and the largest city of

Columbia .

dem

ogra

phic

7 Million inhabitants, 15%

of Columbia population

Covers an area of 37,414 Ha

High densities (310 Hab/Ha)

1Mil

Million private vehicles

1538-1912 1912-1939 1950 1970 1990 2008

Bogota urban population x50 during 100 years time

1.2 149 hab/ha 156 hab/ha 222 hab/ha 250 hab/ha 306 hab/ha 310 hab/ha

Buenos Aires

Sao Paolo Mexico City

Bogota

9.2 7.5

5.5 4.3

GDP Annual % (2010)

GDP ANNUAL % FOR Bogota (2010) = 4.3%

Transport sector

71% of motorized trips

are by bus

Car ownership is low, one car : 9 inhabitants

26,0000 old buses, operated by large number of owner operators and mini-companies

Congestion problems

Increasing reliance on automobile

Lack of institutional capacity in the city government Low level of investment Problems in legislation

Evolution of

bogota Transport planning

and policies

1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980

2000

MULE TRAM

84

1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980

2000

MULE TRAM

84

ELECTRIC TRAM

10

1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980

2000

MULE TRAM

84

ELECTRIC TRAM

10

26

51 FIRST BUS

1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980

2000

MULE TRAM

84

ELECTRIC TRAM

10

26

51 FIRST BUS

FIRST ELECTRIC BUS

1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980

2000

MULE TRAM

84

ELECTRIC TRAM

10

26

51 FIRST BUS

FIRST ELECTRIC BUS

CURRENT BUS

1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980

2000

MULE TRAM

84

ELECTRIC TRAM

10

26

51

TRANSMILENIO

FIRST BUS

FIRST ELECTRIC BUS

CURRENT BUS

1980 The Bogotans were calling the city “un enfierno” means a living hell !

1995

Transportation system infamous for taking four hours to commute from south to north

3,300 murders

1400 traffic deaths

ANALYSTS AGREED THAT THE MAIN CAUSES OF THE SEVERE CONGESTION IN BOGOTA IS THE LACK OF CAPABLE instituition TO PLAN, BUILD, OPERATE AND MAINTAIN THE CITY’S TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM.

1998 “I don’t judge the success of a city by how many people own cars but I judge that city by how many rich people take the bus“

Enrique Peñalosa Londoño

Elected mayor of Bogota in 1998

To make people to use public transport in Colombian capital & vision for a better city

Penalosa scheme – “an integrated mobility strategy”

What is the strategy ? Everything starts with Transmilenio




To make people to use public transport in Colombian capital & vision for a better city.



Addition to main bus lines








Ciclo Rutas (path ways for cyclist)









A system of pedestrian walkways









A system of pedestrian walkways

Create metrovivienda land bank

MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM BY BUSES - TRANSMILENIO

“traffic congestion is never solved by building roads” Enrique Peñalosa Londoño

What is TRANSMILENIO ? A concept borrowed from Curitiba, Brazil An innovative bus rapid system Opening in 2000, Phase 1 of Transmilenio was the first functioning mass transit system for the city 2005 system had expanded to 4 lines stretching 55 km Plans call for Transmilenio – covering 400 km of

dedicated busways and serving 5.5 mil passengers per day Creating a functional, livable, and sustainable city

Little of Transmilenio

_____________________

daily passengers along a busy 40-km road axis 36,000 persons per direction per hour the TransMilenio buses are running three times as fast as a typical New York bus, which equals 28 km an hour

= 100,000

TRANSMILENIO elements

transmilenio Success graph


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Ciclorutas – bogota

bike path networks

“I believe that providing quality sidewalks and protected bikeways on all roads is a basic element of democracy”


Most extensive and comprehensive network of bike paths – 350km protected

bike ways, Embellished with landscaping

A mesh concept

Funded largely by rejecting urban highways and an expensive rail system

About ciclorutas

Why ciclorutas ?

Why ciclorutas ?

Mixed land use pattern

Why ciclorutas ?


Simple & effective way to use city finances to

create a transport system that benefit

people

Why ciclorutas ?


Simple & effective way to use city finances to

create a transport system that benefit

people

Promoting Transportation

equality

Network hierarchy

Main Network connects the main centres of the city in a direct and expeditious manner

Secondary Network leads riders to the main network

Complementary Network It consists of additional bike paths that are required to complete the mesh system

ciclorutas elements

Ciclorutas would not be successful . . .

Ciclorutas would not be successful . . . without city policies

Ciclorutas would not be successful . . . without city policies

Pico y placa - License tag system

Raised taxes on gas and parking

Installing bollards along the roads

“Car-Free Day”

Main streets are closed for seven hours on Sunday – “huge ciclovia”

“Mission Bogota”

Transmilenio bus system

Bicycles use quintupled in the city

300,000 to 400,000 trips made daily by

bicycle

Benefit those living in the

poorer southern part of the city

Spend family time together by cycling on car-free day

ciclorutas impacts

Metrovivienda “housing for the poor”

“putting housing near stations helps the city’s poor by killing two Birds

using one stone – providing improved housing and public transport services” Enrique Peñalosa Londoño

Before metrovivienda Between 1961 & 2001, 6500 Hectares of land were illegally occupied

375 000 slum residences have been illegally built in 1 433 different clandestinos

few public services and limited availability of public transport

18% of urban land consumed

22% of the population lived in informal settlements in 2000

Average daily commute time for residents of Bogota’s informal housing is more than 2 hours

clandestinos

met

rovi

vien

da

land banking / poverty-alleviation : blending affordable housing and affordable public transport introduced in 1999 the city acquires plots in open agricultural areas at relatively cheap prices, plats and titles land provided with public utilities, roads and open space 2005 – 3 of 4 metrovivienda projects have been built near one of

transmilenio terminuses number of jobs reachable in an hour ‘s travel time - increased by threefold

Acquisition of land well in advance of the arrival of Transmilenio service

IMPORTANT ASPECT OF METROVIVIENDA PROJECT



ENABLED THE ORGANIZATION TO ACQUIRE LAND BEFORE PRICES ARE INFLATED BY ARRIVAL OF TRANSMILENIO




STUDY SHOWED THAT THOSE RESIDING CLOSE TO TRANSMILENIO STATIONS PAYING HIGHER MONTHLY RENTS





METROVIVIENDA KEEPS PRICES AFFORDABLE FOR LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLD





METROVIVIENDA KEEPS PRICES AFFORDABLE FOR LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLD

MORE AFFORDABLE TRANSPORTATION

METROVIVIENDA IS AN EXAMPLER OF ACCESSIBILITY-BASED PLANNING IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY

IMPROVED ACCESS TO JOBS, SHOPS AND SERVICES REDUCING THE JOINT COSTS OF WHAT OFTEN CONSUMES 2/3 OF THE POOR’S INCOME : HOUSING AND TRANSPORT

What is the Future for bogota transport system ?

Bogota target : Become a model development for developing countries

42%

18%

16%

15%

6% 3%

Column1 Public Transport (buses different from Transmilenio)

Transmilenio

Walking

Car

Others

Bike

The current city administration has launched an ambitious program to create a new business and operational scheme of public passenger transport :

the Integrated Public Transport System (SITP)

SITP

Collective transport

Trans- milenio

subway Commuter

Rail system

Road transport

Future stages

Man behind sitp : mayor samuel moreno

STAGE OF IMPLEMENTATION

STAGE OF IMPLEMENTATION PHASE I Preparation for implementation of the SITP

PHASE II Gradual implementation of the operation. Upon completion of Phase 1.


PHASE II Gradual implementation of the operation. Upon completion of Phase 1



PHASE III Integrated operation of SITP



PHASE III Integrated operation of SITP

PHASE IV Integration with rail modes

Bogota transport awards

the first ever winner of the Sustainable Transport Award (2005) : TransMilenio Bus Rapid Transit System : the city’s commitment to integrating bicycle infrastructure with mass transit : redefining and reclaiming public space for its citizens

El Final gracias

refe

renc

es Cervero, r. (2005) . Progressive transport and the poor : bogota’s bold step forward

Despacio, a. (2008). Bogota : edging back from the brink. Sustainable transport / winter 2008 Ho, Susan. (2007). Bogota bikeways : a network supported by policies and transmilenio. Green design and the city, transportation paper Ardila, A. and menckhoff, g. (2008). Transportation policies in bogota, columbia. Building a transportation system for the people. Transportation research record 1817, pg 130-131 Ingram, r. (2011). This is not a bus. Brunswick issue 4, summer 2011 Saavedra, n.s. (2009). The evolution of transportation planning in bogota. Universidad nationale de columbia, traffic and transport research program. Pg 2-44 Ardila, a. (2005). Study of urban public transport conditions in bogota, columbia. The world bank group and ppiaf Transmilenio s a informa (2010). Transmilenio s a informa [online] available at http://www.transmilenio.gov.co/WebSite/Default.aspx. accessed on 25th november 2011

refe

renc

es Bogota new transit system (2011). New york times [online] available at

http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2009/07/10/world/0710BOGOTAindex.html. accessed on 26th november 2011 The Integrated Public Transportation System- SITP, will bring Quality of Life (2011). Bogota positiva, bogota city hall. Available at http://www.bogota.gov.co/portel/libreria/php/ xframedetalleportalEng.php?id39428&patron01.28. accessed on 27th november 2011 Eckerson jr, c. (2007) Ciclovia: A Moving Experience in Bogota, Colombia. Streetsblog.org [online] available at http://www.streetsblog.org/2007/12/03/ciclovia-a-moving-experience-in-bogota/. Accessed on 26th november 2011 sustainable cities , a part of danish architecture centres (2010). Bogota : more bikes and busses, fewer cars. Sustainable cities [online] available at http://sustainablecities.dk/ en/city-projects/cases/bogota-more-bikes-and-buses-fewer-cars. accessed on 25th november 2011 Ospina, a. and mosquera, v. (2007). Historia del transporte publico en bogota [online] available at http://www.museovintage.com/transporte/index.php. accessed on 26th november 2011

transport planning: case study bogota, columbia

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