transport and health (physical activity)
DESCRIPTION
By Enrique Jacoby. Presented at Day One of Transforming Transportation 2010. Washington, D.C. January 14, 2010. www.transformingtransportation2010.orgTRANSCRIPT
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Transport and Health (Physical Activity)
Enrique R. Jacoby PAHO/WHO
IV Congreso de Transporte Sustentable Ciudad de Mexico, 27-29 octubre 2008
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LAND USE PATTERNS
TRANSPORT
HIPOTESISHIPOTESIS
WALKING & BIKING TRIPS
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Proximity and Connectivity
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Urban Density (Residents/Ha)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
AtlantaNYC
PerthVancouver
ZurichMunich
BangkokTokyo
S PauloCuritibaH KongKrakowBogota
ShangaiHo Chi Min
Kenworthy and Laube, Murdoch University, Australia
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Daily Walking or Biking Trips (%)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
AtlantaNYC
PerthVancouver
ZurichMunich
BangkokTokyo
S PauloCuritibaH KongKrakowBogota
ShangaiHo Chi Min
Kenworthy and Laube, Murdoch University, Australia
50 liters of gas / year
3,000 liters gas / year
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LAND USE PATTERNS
TRANSPORT
HIPOTESISHIPOTESIS
WALKING & BIKING TRIPS
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LAND USE PATTERNS
TRANSPORT
HIPOTESISHIPOTESIS
Less Chronic Diseases
WALKING & BIKING TRIPS
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
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30 minutes a day or 150 minutes a week of moderate physical activity
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45% Colombians are physically active
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45% Colombians are physically active
36%
Colombian National Nutrition Survey, 2005
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45% Colombians are physically active
36%
9%
Colombian National Nutrition Survey, 2005
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LAND USE PATTERNS
TRANSPORT
HIPOTESIS
Less Chronic Diseases
WALKING & BIKING TRIPS
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
?
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LAND USE PATTERNS
TRANSPORT
HIPOTESISHIPOTESIS
Less Chronic Diseases
WALKING & BIKING FOR
TRANSPORT
AB
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Commuter Walking and Biking studies have shown to:
• Reduce all cause mortality (Anderson et. al., 2000)
• Improve cardio fitness with trips 3Km/d/4 days-week (Hendriksen, 2000; P. Oja, 98)
• Reduce the risk of colon CA and breast CA in women (Matthews, 2007)
• Be associated with reduced obesity (Bessett, 2008; Wen & Rissel, 2008)
• A 31% reduction in CVD risk and 32% reduction in all-cause mortality in a meta-analysis of 18 walking studies (Hamer and Chida, 2008)
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Influence of Walking, Cycling
and Utilitarian P.A. on Mortality,
Shangai, China
Mattews CE, Jurj A, Xiao-ou Shu et. Al. Am J Epi, 2007
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0
10
20
30
40
50
Lowest Some Medium High
Mattews CE, Jurj A, Xiao-ou Shu et. Al. Am J Epi, 2007
P Trend = 0.000
Independent protective effects of all utilitarian activities on mortality risk,
Shangai, China
Physical Activity Dose (MET hrs/day)
Pro
tect
ive
Eff
ect
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Policy Issues
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LAND USE PATTERNS
TRANSPORT
HIPOTESIS
Less Chronic Diseases
WALKING & BIKING
P.A.
Air Quality & ↓GHG
Road Safety
Social cohesion
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“I have found that, in most but not all cases, the best ethical and environmental choices also happen to be the best choices for our health ─very good news indeed.”
Michael Pollan, In Defense of Food
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TransportPublic Health Sustainable Development
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Transport
Public HealthSustainable Development
Human MobilityTOD
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Transport
Public HealthSustainable Development
Power to redefine and create new markets
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Transport
Public Health
Climate Change
Sustainable Development